共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 145 毫秒
1.
地面臭氧光化学过程规律的初步研究 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
给出了1996年夏季在广东肇庆鼎湖山对光化辐射、地面O3、NO、NO2浓度的观测结果,对影响地面O3、NO、NO2的主要因子进行了分析。晴天,地面O3、NO、NO2浓度有明显的日变化;阴天,它们的日变化比较复杂。晴天和阴天,在lnQUVB/m和lnQvis/m(其中QUVB为紫外B辐射,Qvis为可见光辐射,m为大气质量)与地面O3、NO,NO2浓度、整层大气水汽含量(q1、q2、q3、q4)之间存在着很好的相关关系。利用得到的关系式计算了地面O3浓度,在紫外和可见光波段,计算值与观测值符合得都比较好。 相似文献
2.
地面臭氧的变化规律和计算方法的初步研究Ⅰ.紫外波段 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
通过对广州鼎湖山近地面O3、NOx、太阳辐射、气象参数等项目的观测和理论分析,研究了地面O3与NOx等微量气体及太阳辐射的变化规律,详细讨论了紫外波段、不同天气条件地面O3与NOx,光化学反应、气溶胶、光化辐射等之间复杂的关系.用光能量传输与守恒的观点来考虑大气中与紫外辐射有关的主要过程,并以此来研究大气光化学过程中所遵循的能量规律,建立了一个简单、实用、省时的统计模式,用于计算地面O3浓度.结果表明,不同情况下计算值与观测值均吻合较好. 相似文献
3.
大气中的水汽对太阳紫外辐射消光的可能机制分析 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9
本文给出了北京地区晴天和实际天气条件下到达地面太阳紫外总辐射的一种计算方法，分析了影响到达地面太阳紫外总辐射的各主要因子的主次贡献，重点讨论了水汽在参与大气中的光化学反应过程中，对到达地面的太阳紫外总辐射消光的可能机制。 相似文献
4.
上海地区地面太阳紫外辐射的观测和分析 总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21
通过对上海地区2001～2003年地面太阳总辐射和紫外辐射观测资料的分析表明：（1）上海地区太阳辐射和紫外辐射年总量分别为4487．1MJ／m^2和149．6MJ/m^2。（2）紫外辐射的季节变化特征十分明显，夏半年（4-9月）各月极大紫外辐射强度远大于冬半年（10月～次年3月），7月份最强，12月份最弱。（3）不同天气条件下，紫外辐射日变化显示出明显的差异，晴天强且稳定，多云天气波动较大，阴天则次之。（4）紫外辐射占总辐射的比例（η）也显示冬半年低，夏半年高的分布特征。（5）影响上海地区到达地面紫外辐射的主要因子有：太阳高度角的大小大致决定了到达地面紫外辐射的强弱，两者具有相近的年变化趋势；云、雨等天气类型是影响紫外辐射的重要因子；大气能见度对紫外辐射也有比较明显的影响。 相似文献
5.
地面臭氧的变化规律和计算方法的初步研究Ⅱ.可见光波段 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
通过对广州鼎湖山近地面O3、NOx、太阳辐射,气象参数等项目的观测和理论分析,研究了地面O3与NOx等微量气体及太阳可见光辐射的变化规律,详细讨论了可见光波段、不同天气条件地面O3与NOx、光化学反应、气溶胶、可见光辐射等之间复杂的关系.提出以光能量传输与守恒的观点来考虑大气中与可见光辐射有关的主要过程,并以此来研究大气光化学过程中所遵循的能量规律,建立了一个简单、实用、省时的统计模式,用于计算地面O3浓度.结果表明:不同情况下,计算值与观测值吻合得均比较一致. 相似文献
6.
近地面臭氧研究进展 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
近地面臭氧是空气中氮氧化物和挥发性有机物发生光化学反应的产物,其浓度与气象条件密切相关。晴天少云、紫外辐射较强、温度较高、相对湿度较低以及风速较小的天气,均有利于臭氧的生成,其中紫外辐射是产生臭氧最关键的因素。臭氧前体物（氮氧化物和挥发性有机物）的浓度及其比值是影响近地面臭氧浓度的另外三个重要因素。我国大多数城市的O3处于VOC控制区,即NOx浓度的增加会引起O3浓度的降低,而VOCs浓度的增加则会使其浓度升高。因而VOC源解析问题成为近年来O3研究的一个热点问题。同时,由于气溶胶可以直接吸收、散射太阳紫外辐射、短波辐射以及大气长波辐射,因此气溶胶的存在会影响大气中光化学反应的进程,从而影响臭氧的光化学生成,气溶胶对近地面臭氧的影响已成为目前大气环境的前沿课题。 相似文献
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影响太阳总辐射各主要因子的分析 总被引：12，自引：2，他引：12
本文通过分析北京地区１９９０年１－１２月晴天与实际天气条件下的太阳辐射和常规气象观测资料，得到了描述晴天和实际天气条件下的太阳总辐射的一种关系式，并着重分析了影响到达地面的太阳总辐射各因子的主次作用。 相似文献
9.
北京奥运会期间CBM-Z化学机制的模拟应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用CBM-Z化学机制模拟了中国科学院大气物理研究所气象塔站在北京奥运会期间高臭氧时段O3浓度的日变化,评估了气象条件、北京奥运会加强控制措施以及O3前体物浓度对近地面O3生成的影响。结果表明:(1)CBM-Z化学机制较好地模拟了北京奥运会期间典型时段气象塔站O3、NO、NO2日变化特征。(2)有利于局地高臭氧事件发生的气象条件非常相似;北京奥运会加强控制措施的实施显著减少了NOx及VOCs的排放量,导致近地面O3浓度的明显下降。(3)奥运会期间VOCs和CO是影响气象塔站O3生成量的关键因素。 相似文献
10.
近地面O3变化化学反应机理的数值研究 总被引：34，自引：1，他引：33
利用中尺度气象模式（MM5）及区域化学模式（RADM）对中国地区近地面O3变化化学反应机理进行了数值模拟研究。主要研究了近地面O3变化与其主要前体物NMHC（非甲烷烃）、NOx、CO等之间复杂相互作用关系。主要结论为:（1） 污染地区近地面O3变化主要受光化学作用控制;而清洁地区地面O3变化主要受大气背景O3浓度影响。（2）NMHC和NOx的变化对HO2和OH自由基的影响是十分复杂的,O3的反馈作用对自由基的影响是不可忽视的。（3）在高NOx污染地区的地面上空可能出现高O3污染。（4）在O3光化学反应机理中同样存在线性相关关系。 相似文献
11.
In this study,the clear sky hourly global and net solar irradiances at the surface determined using SUNFLUX,a simple parameterization scheme,for three stations(Gaize,Naqu,and Lhasa) on the Tibetan Plateau were evaluated against observation data.Our modeled results agree well with observations.The correlation coefficients between modeled and observed values were > 0.99 for all three stations.The relative error of modeled results,in average was < 7%,and the root-mean-square variance was < 27 W m 2.The solar irradiances in the radiation model were slightly overestimated compared with observation data;there were at least two likely causes.First,the radiative effects of aerosols were not included in the radiation model.Second,solar irradiances determined by thermopile pyranometers include a thermal offset error that causes solar radiation to be slightly underestimated.The solar radiation absorbed by the ozone and water vapor was estimated.The results show that monthly mean solar radiation absorbed by the ozone is < 2% of the global solar radiation(< 14 W m 2).Solar radiation absorbed by water vapor is stronger in summer than in winter.The maximum amount of monthly mean solar radiation absorbed by water vapor can be up to 13% of the global solar radiation(95 W m 2).This indicates that water vapor measurements with high precision are very important for precise determination of solar radiation. 相似文献
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Joonsuk Lee Won Jun Choi Deok Rae Kim Seung-Yeon Kim Chang-Keun Song Jun Suk Hong Youdeog Hong Sukjo Lee 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences》2013,49(3):271-278
Surface erythemal UV radiation is mainly affected by total column ozone, aerosols, clouds, and solar zenith angle. The effect of ozone on the surface UV radiation has been explored many times in the previous studies due to the decrease of ozone layer. In this study, we calculated the effect of aerosols on the surface UV radiation as well as that of ozone using data acquired from Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). First, ozone, aerosol optical depth (AOD), and surface erythemal UVB radiation measured from satellite are compared with those from ground measurements. The results showed that the comparison for ozone was good with r 2 of 0.92. For aerosol, there was difference between satellite measurements and surface measurements due to the insufficient information on aerosol in the retrieval algorithm. The r 2 for surface erythemal UV radiation was high (～0.94) but satellite measurements showed about 30% larger values than surface measurements on average by not considering the effect of absorbing aerosols in the retrieval process from satellite measurements. Radiative amplification factor (RAF) is used to access the effect of ozone and aerosol quantitatively. RAF for ozone was 0.97～1.49 with solar zenith angle. To evaluate the effect of aerosol on the surface UV radiation, only clear-sky pixel data were used and solar zenith angle and total column amount of ozone were fixed. Also, RAF for aerosol was assessed according to the single scattering albedo (SSA) of aerosols. The results showed that RAF for aerosol with smaller SSA (< 0.90) was larger than that for with larger SSA (> 0.90). The RAF for aerosol was 0.09～0.22 for the given conditions which was relatively small compared to that for ozone. However, considering the fact that aerosol optical depth can change largely in time and space while the total column amount of ozone does not change very much, it needs to include the effect of aerosol to predict the variations of surface UV radiation more correctly. 相似文献
14.
The absorption properties of the water vapor continuum and a number of weak bands for H2O, O2, CO2, CO, N2O, CH4, and O3 in the solar spectrum are incorporated into the Fu-Liou radiation parameterization program by using the correlated k-distribution method (CKD) for the sorting of absorption lines. The overlap absorption of the H2O lines and the H2O continuum (2500-14500 cm-1) are treated by taking the two gases as a single-mixture gas in transmittance calculations. Furthermore, in order to optimize the computation efforts, CO2 and CH4 in the spectral region 2850-5250 cm-1 are taken as a new single-mixture gas as well. For overlap involving other absorption lines in the Fu-Liou spectral bands, the authors adopt the multiplication rule for transmittance computations under which the absorption spectra for two gases are assumed to be uncorrelated. Compared to the line-by-line (LBL) computation, it is shown that the errors in fluxes introduced by these two approaches within the context of the CKD method are small and less than 0.48% for the H2O line and continuum in the 2500-14500 cm-1 solar spectral region, -1% for H2O (line) H2O (continuum) CO2 CH4 in the spectral region 2850-5250 cm-1, and -1.5% for H2O (line) H2O (continuum) O2 in the 7700-14500 cm-1 spectral region. Analysis also demonstrates that the multiplication rule over a spectral interval as wide as 6800 cm-1 can produce acceptable errors with a maximum percentage value of about 2% in reference to the LBL calculation. Addition of the preceding gases increases the absorption of solar radiation under all sky conditions. For clear sky, the increase in instantaneous solar absorption is about 9%-13% (~12 W m~2) among which the H2O continuum produces the largest increase, while the contributions from O2 and CO2 rank second and third, respectively. In cloudy sky, the addition of absorption amounts to about 6-9 W m-2. The new, improved program with the incorporation of the preceding gases produces a smaller solar absorption in clouds due to the reduced solar flux reaching the cloud top. 相似文献
15.
On the basis of analyzing observational data on solar radiation, meteorological parameters, and total ozone amount for the period of January 1990 to December 1991 in the Beijing area, an empirical calculation method for ultraviolet radiation (UV) in clear sky is obtained. The results show that the calculated values agree well with the observed, with maximum relative bias of 6.2% and mean relative bias for 24 months of 1.9%. Good results are also obtained when this method is applied in Guangzhou and Mohe districts. The long-term variation of UV radiation in clear sky over the Beijing area from 1979 to 1998 is calculated, and the UV variation trends and causes are discussed: direct and indirect UV energy absorption by increasing pollutants in the troposphere may have caused the UV decrease in clear sky in the last 20 years. With the enhancement of people‘s quality of life and awareness of health, it will be valuable and practical to provid UV forecasts for typical cities and rural areas. So, we should develop and enhance UV study in systematic monitoring, forecasting, and developing a good and feasible method for UV radiation reporting in China,especially for big cities. 相似文献
16.
气溶胶大气对太阳辐射的吸收 总被引：15，自引：5，他引：15
大气气溶胶对大气吸收太阳辐射的影响有许多人研究过。目前计算大气吸收太阳辐射的数值模式多数仍忽略大气气溶胶的作用。大气气溶胶一方面本身吸收太阳辐射;一方面对太阳辐射多次散射,使阳光在大气中传输更长的路程,增加了吸收物质对太阳辐射的吸收。计算表明:大气气溶胶对大气吸收太阳辐射的作用是显著而不能忽略的。 相似文献
17.
Parameterization of the Absorption of the H2O Continuum, CO2, O2, and Other Trace Gases in the Fu-Liou Solar Radiation Program 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The absorption properties of the water vapor continuum and a number of weak bands for H2O, O2, CO2, CO, N2O, CH4, and O3 in the solar spectrum are incorporated into the Fu-Liou radiation parameterization program by using the correlated k-distribution method (CKD) for the sorting of absorption lines. The overlap absorption of the H2O lines and the H2O continuum (2500-14500 cm^-1) are treated by taking the two gases as a single-mixture gas in transmittance calculations. Furthermore, in order to optimize the computation efforts, CO2 and CH4 in the spectral region 2850-5250 cm^-1 are taken as a new singlemixture gas as well. For overlap involving other absorption lines in the Fu-Liou spectral bands, the authors adopt the multiplication rule for transmittance computations under which the absorption spectra for two gases are assumed to be uncorrelated. Compared to the line-by-line (LBL) computation, it is shown that the errors in fluxes introduced by these two approaches within the context of the CKD method are small and less than 0.48% for the H20 line and continuum in the 2500-14500 cm^-1 solar spectral region, -1% for H2O (line) H2O (continuum) CO2 CH4 in the spectral region 2850-5250 cm^-1, and -1.5% for H2O (line) H2O (continuum) O2 in the 7700-14500 cm^-1 spectral region. Analysis also demonstrates that the multiplication rule over a spectral interval as wide as 6800 cm^-1 can produce acceptable errors with a maximum percentage value of about 2% in reference to the LBL calculation. Addition of the preceding gases increases the absorption of solar radiation under all sky conditions. For clear sky, the increase in instantaneous solar absorption is about 9%-13% (-12 W m^-2) among which the H20 continuum produces the largest increase, while the contributions from O2 and CO2 rank second and third, respectively. In cloudy sky, the addition of absorption amounts to about 6-9 W m^-2. The new, improved program with the incorporation of the preceding gases produces a smaller solar absorption in clouds due to the reduced solar flux reaching the cloud top. 相似文献