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1.
圣帕台风暴雨的非地转湿Q矢量的诊断分析 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
利用WRF中尺度模式模拟了台风"圣帕"登陆后减弱成热带低压造成湖南省大暴雨的过程,使用模拟输出的高分辨率资料,借助非地转湿Q矢量对这次暴雨过程做了详细的诊断分析.结果表明:非地转湿Q矢量能比较清楚地揭示此次暴雨演变过程,尤其700 hPa的非地转湿Q矢量散度场对降水预报具有较好的指示意义,其散度辐合区域对应着降水的落区,散度辐合强度变化指示着降水强度的变化趋势,并且非地转湿Q矢量散度辐合强度的大小可预示着未来3～6 h降水的强弱,是具有预报价值的;非地转湿Q矢量散度是非地转ω方程的强迫项,并与地形条件共同作用激发了地面中尺度系统的发展与次级环流的形成,是此次暴雨得以发展与维持的机制. 相似文献
2.
非地转湿Q矢量及其在华北特大台风暴雨中的应用 总被引：33，自引：2，他引：31
在非地转 Q矢量的基础上 ,考虑天气系统发展的主要热力强迫因子——非绝热加热作用 ,引入非地转湿 Q矢量的概念 ,并推导出其表达式以及用非地转湿 Q矢量散度为唯一强迫项所表示的非地转ω方程。同时 ,用非地转湿 Q矢量分析方法诊断了由北上台风倒槽引起的一次华北特大暴雨过程 ;结果表明 ,非地转湿 Q矢量能较清楚地揭示暴雨过程系统的演变 ;通过比较非地转湿 Q矢量、垂直速度和不考虑“湿”过程的“干”Q矢量散度与暴雨落区的配置关系 ,结果发现 ,非地转湿 Q矢量与降水落区存在最佳的对应关系 ,非地转湿 Q矢量散度负值区能较好地预报出未来 6h的降水落区 ,而且其中心数值的大小与未来 6h降水的强度存在正相关的对应关系 ,从而说明非地转湿 Q矢量对于暴雨天气系统诊断和预报是一种十分有效的工具 ,其散度负值区可以作为未来 6h降水落区预报的重要指标 ,为暴雨的预报提供了更广阔的思路 相似文献
3.
利用非静力中尺度模式MM5对0114号热带风暴Fitow从2001年8月31日00时(UTC)到9月2日00时的降水过程进行了模拟,采用滤波方法对模式结果进行了尺度分离,分析了暴雨发生时的中尺度特征及成因.结果表明:MM5模式对Fitow登陆过程的降水模拟较成功,暴雨的落区和强度与实况比较一致.Fitow暴雨的中尺度特征在降水的时间尺度、空间尺度、高低空流场和散度场上都很明显.正是维持少动的TC倒槽和嵌入其上的这些中小尺度系统相互作用造成了暴雨的发生,而高低空中尺度散度场的配置对这类暴雨有很好的指示意义.华南地形和海陆分布与暴雨的发生发展有密切的关系.弱的层结不稳定或中性层结是有利于暴雨系统发展的环境条件. 相似文献
4.
利用WRF中尺度模式模拟了台风"圣帕"(2007)登陆后,减弱成热带低压造成湘赣地区大暴雨的过程,并借助非地转湿Q矢量(Q*)及其分解对这次暴雨过程做了详细的诊断分析。结果表明:800 hPa的Q*矢量散度场的辐合区范围及其辐合强度对降水落区位置及降水强度有非常好的指示作用。将"总"Q*矢量分解成平行和垂直于等位温线两部分后,揭示出了不同尺度的Q矢量散度辐合强迫的不同作用:在暴雨强盛时期,大气以中尺度运动为主,在暴雨发生前、后时期,大气以大尺度运动为主。此外,非地转湿Q矢量散度辐合强迫产生的次级环流也有助于本次暴雨发展与维持。 相似文献
5.
利用NCEP/NCAR全球格点资料和TRMM卫星资料,采用改进后的非地转湿Q矢量,对0908号台风＂莫拉克＂引起的台湾南部特大暴雨过程进行预报应用试验。试验结果表明：（1）850 hPa高度层的非地转湿Q矢量散度及水汽通量散度分布可以预报未来24 h暴雨的落区及其雨带的分布,暴雨发生在Q矢量散度梯度大值区靠近辐合区域,同时该区域要有水汽辐合中心,雨带分布与该梯度大值区分布基本一致。（2）Q矢量辐合区的倾斜式发展很好地描述了暴雨中心强对流系统垂直结构,强对流系统发展旺盛期出现在暴雨发生前的18 h,具有一定预报意义。（3）台风暴雨发生在次级环流的上升支附近,最强次级环流上升支出现在暴雨发生时期;次级环流中的上升气流从低层到高层的倾斜方向较好地描述了雨带的移动,次级环流的调整比雨带移动提前了24 h,具有较好的预报应用价值。 相似文献
6.
利用非静力中尺度模式MM5对0114号热带风暴Fitow从2001年8月31日00时(UTC)到9月2日00时的降水过程进行了模拟，采用滤波方法对模式结果进行了尺度分离，分析了暴雨发生时的中尺度特征及成因。结果表明：MM5模式对：Fitow登陆过程的降水模拟较成功，暴雨的落区和强度与实况比较一致。Fitow暴雨的中尺度特征在降水的时间尺度、空间尺度、高低空流场和散度场上都很明显。正是维持少动的TC倒槽和嵌入其上的这些中小尺度系统相互作用造成了暴雨的发生，而高低空中尺度散度场的配置对这类暴雨有很好的指示意义。华南地形和海陆分布与暴雨的发生发展有密切的关系。弱的层结不稳定或中性层结是有利于暴雨系统发展的环境条件。 相似文献
7.
"0604"台风暴雨的数值模拟与诊断研究 总被引：10，自引：7，他引：3
采用非静力MM5( 3.5)中尺度数值模式对2006年7月14-15日湘南-粤北0604(BILIS)台风暴雨天气过程进行了数值模拟与诊断分析,结果发现暴雨区始终位于不稳定能量高值区域,并存在对流不稳定及条件性对称不稳定两种机制.强降雨中心附近非地转湿Q*散度是正、负相间分布,暴雨中心在低层对应非地转湿Q*散度负值中心,在高层对应正值中心,并位于次级环流低层上升支一侧.次级环主要是由风的水平切变和垂直切变差异效应造成的,其次是非绝热加热作用,且与暴雨的发展相一致. 相似文献
8.
各非地转Q矢量之间的定量比较 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
结合"海棠"台风在2005年7月19日08:00~20日08:00再次登陆福建省24 h期间所造成的降水过程,在WRF模式成功地模拟了此次降水过程的基础上,利用模式模拟输出结果,通过计算900~600 hPaQ矢量散度的气柱平均值、Q矢量散度强迫产生的降水场,定量比较分析了非地转干Q矢量、非地转湿Q矢量及改进的湿Q矢量的诊断能力差异,结果表明:(1)非地转干Q矢量、非地转湿Q矢量及改进的湿Q矢量散度辐合场,对同期模拟雨区都具有一定指示作用,同时,非地转湿Q矢量和改进的湿Q矢量的散度辐合强度都较非地转干Q矢量散度辐合强度强,且改进的湿Q矢量散度辐合强度强于非地转湿Q矢量散度辐合强度,尤其是在主雨区表现的更为明显。相对来讲,改进的湿Q矢量散度辐合场对雨区的反映能力最强。(2)非地转湿Q矢量散度与改进的湿Q矢量散度强迫产生的降水范围几乎相同,且明显较非地转干Q矢量散度强迫产生的雨区范围大,相对来讲,与同期模拟降水场的雨区更接近。改进的湿Q矢量散度强迫产生的降水强度最强,非地转湿Q矢量散度强迫次之,非地转干Q矢量散度强迫产生的降水强度最弱。三种Q矢量散度强迫产生的降水强度都明显弱于同期模式模拟的降水强度,相对来讲,改进的湿Q矢量散度强迫产生的降水强度更接近于模拟的降水强度。(3)三种Q矢量散度场以及强迫产生的降水场之间的差异,充分表明此次台风降水过程中伴有大量的大尺度稳定水汽凝结潜热和对流水汽凝结潜热释放,考虑了水汽凝结潜热加热作用的非地转湿Q矢量与改进的湿Q矢量,对降水反映能力均较非地转干Q矢量有所改进,尤其是后者。 相似文献
9.
非地转湿Q矢量在台风“云娜”暴雨过程中的分析应用 总被引：10，自引：3，他引：10
应用非地转湿Q矢量理论,对2004年8月12-15日台风“云娜”登陆后造成的大范围持续暴雨过程进行诊断分析。结果表明,非地转湿Q矢量能比较清楚地揭示台风暴雨的演变过程,非地转湿Q矢量的散度负值区和流场辐合区与未来12小时的强降水落区有较好的对应关系；非地转湿Q矢量的散度的垂直分布能够反映台风外围对流发展的深度,对判断台风在陆地上的维持有一定的意义。 相似文献
10.
一次辽宁暴雨过程的Q矢量诊断分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
应用Q矢量理论，分析了2003年8月5～6日辽宁暴雨天气过程，探讨了暴雨期间Q矢量和Q矢量散度场及Q矢量锋生函数场的分布特征。表明低层Q矢量散度辐合带与暴雨区有较好的对应关系，揭示了Q矢量散度的辐合中心或辐合线、散度场和锋生函数场与暴雨落区有关。 相似文献
11.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
12.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
13.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
14.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
15.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
18.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献