共查询到10条相似文献，搜索用时 343 毫秒
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D. Robbins J. Waters P. Zimmermann R. Jarnot J. Hardy H. Pickett S. Pollitt W. Traub K. Chance N. Louisnard W. Evans J. Kerr 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1990,10(2):181-218
Measurements of the Balloon Intercomparison Campaign (BIC), conducted during fall, 1982 (BIC-1) and summer, 1983 (BIC-2), are reported. Results of five remote and two in situ techniques agree (with a few exceptions) within 95% confidence level uncertainties and generally within 15% above 20 km. Weighted mean profiles, which best represent conditions during the capaign, are used as a comparison standard. Accuracies of experiments indicated by BIC generally confirm estimated uncertainites for ECC sondes, UV photometry, and microwave emission experiments, are somewhat better for far IR emission and IR absorption experiments, and are somewhat worse for IR emission and solar UV absorption experiments. The large collection of BIC measurements confirms a problem reported earlier with current theoretical modeling of ozone near 40 km where transport is negligible and the chemistry is believed to be simpler. 相似文献
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Following the Balloon Intercomparison Campaigns carried out from the NSBF, Palestine, Texas, in the fall of 1982 (BIC1) and spring of 1983 (BIC2), three instruments have reported infrared measurements (one in emission and two in absorption) from which results on the concentration of methane between 20 and 40 km altitude have been deduced. While the absorption-retrieved concentration profiles are in excellent agreement, the results from the emission measurements are significantly lower. Recent methane profiles obtained by satellite and from Spacelab 1 are in satisfactory agreement with the absorption data reported here. 相似文献
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C. B. Farmer B. Carli A. Bonetti M. Carlotti B. M. Dinelli H. Fast W. F. J. Evans N. Louisnard C. Alamichel W. Mankin M. Coffey I. G. Nolt D. G. Murcray A. Goldman G. M. Stokes D. W. Johnson W. A. Traub K. V. Chance R. Zander G. Roland L. Delbouille 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1990,10(2):237-272
All of the techniques used to measure stratospheric HCl during the two BIC campaigns involved high resolution infrared spectroscopy. The balloon-borne instruments included five different spectrometers, three operating in the solar absorption mode and two in emission (at distinctly different wavelengths). Ground-based and aircraft correlative measurements were made close to the balloon locations, again by near-infrared spectroscopy.Within this set of results, comparisons between different techniques (absorption vs emission) viewing the same airmass (i.e., on the same gondola) were possible, as were comparisons between the same technique used on different gondolas spaced closely in time and location. The final results yield a mean profile of concentration of HC1 between 18 and 40 km altitude; an envelope of ±15% centered on this profile encompasses all of the results within one standard deviation of their individual mean values. The absolute accuracy of the final profile is estimated to be no worse than 10%. It is concluded also that the measurement techniques for HCl have reached a level of performance where a precision of 10% to 15% can be confidently expected. 相似文献
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Zhao Gaoxiang 《大气科学进展》1998,15(1):107-112
ＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｔｈｅＡｂｉｌｉｔｙｏｆＩｎｆｒａｒｅｄＷａｔｅｒＶａｐｏｒＣｈａｎｎｅｌｆｏｒＭｏｉｓｔｕｒｅＲｅｍｏｔｅＳｅｎｓｉｎｇｉｎｔｈｅＬｏｗｅｒＡｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｅＺｈａｏＧａｏｘｉａｎｇ（赵高祥）ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＡｔｍｏｓｐ... 相似文献
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被动式微波遥感技术发展及其对汽/液态水物理参数反演的研究进展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
大气遥感是1960年代以来发展最为迅速的学科分支之一,也是大气科学发展的关键技术支柱之一;其中,被动式微波遥感具有体积及功耗小,能进行全天候连续观测等优点,为获取大气、海洋、陆面等多领域观测信号提供了直接和有利手段。由于水汽、液态水是影响天气气候变化的重要要素,对其的探测技术在当前气象业务中显得尤为重要。简单回顾了被动式微波遥感的主要进展,重点介绍微波辐射计对水汽、云液态水、降水等物理量进行反演时所采用的统计方法、物理方法、物理统计方法等方法研究方面的国内外进展,并对微波辐射计的未来发展前景作了简单介绍。 相似文献
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在地基高光谱遥感中,特征向量法获取的温湿廓线以初值的方式对物理反演进行约束,其反演精度对物理反演结果有着重要的影响。利用AERI的观测辐射资料和同站点的探空数据,基于特征向量法分析了温度廓线与湿度廓线反演的异同点;研究了主成分个数的选择问题,综合考虑反演精度和特征向量中包含的信息将反演温度廓线和湿度廓线的最优主成分个数定为7。为提高反演精度,引入地面温度、湿度、气压作为影响因子,试验结果表明,考虑反演精度和稳定性,地面气压的引入相比于其他2种单一气象要素以及3种气象要素组成的因子集表现更好,尤其是对边界层中下部的温湿廓线有着明显的提升,并随着高度的降低提升作用更明显,温度廓线RMSE降低最高达到1.5K,湿度廓线RMSE降低最高达到0.42g/kg。同时,分析了对数反演形式对湿度廓线的影响,结果表明,以水汽混合比的形式反演时取自然对数对反演精度的影响较小;将反演得到的水汽混合比转化为相对湿度后,取自然对数对反演精度有12%以上的提升。 相似文献
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GPS遥感区域大气水汽总量研究回顾与展望 总被引：16，自引：3，他引：16
20世纪90年代以来，GPS气象学迅速发展成为一个前沿性、多学科交叉的研究领域，利用GPS技术探测大气水汽含量的研究取得了很大进展，有望在未来大气探测、天气预报和气候变化的研究和业务工作中发挥重要作用。文章论述了利用GPS遥感大气水汽总量的气象学意义，比较了该技术相对于其它探测方法的特点和优势，简介了GPS遥感大气水汽总量的类型以及地基GPS气象学的基本原理，对国内外近10年来在应用地基GPS技术遥感大气水汽总量方面取得的主要成果、应用现状及未来发展趋势做了综合性评述。最后，分析了该技术目前存在的主要问题。 相似文献
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静止气象卫星的快速区域扫描是监测不同天气过程的有利手段。以获取的风云静止气象卫星快速区域扫描数据为基础,选取2011年台风梅花(1109)及2012年台风海葵(1211)的观测数据,采用Hovm(o|¨)ller分析图、变异系数等参数,研究不同时空分辨率观测数据对台风云系结构特征参数监测的敏感性影响。分析结果表明:可见光通道10 min观测时间间隔配以1.25 km空间分辨率可以很好地反映云系演变特征,在相同观测时间分辨率条件下,降低空间分辨率会对云系结构特征的提取有较大影响;在相同空间分辨率条件下,观测时间分辨率的降低对云系结构及演变特征的分析影响较小;基于变异系数的分析说明云像元特性在60 min的观测时间间隔下发生了较大变化,如果以60 min为观测时间间隔将会失去较多的云像元变化特征。水汽通道不同观测时间的变异系数差值小于红外通道1,说明云像元在红外通道1的特性演变对观测时间的敏感性高于水汽通道,提高观测频率可获取更多的云像元红外通道1的辐射特性。 相似文献
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William G. Mankin M. T. Coffey K. V. Chance W. A. Traub B. Carli F. Mencaraglia S. Piccioli I. G. Nolt J. V. Radostitz R. Zander G. Roland Douglas W. Johnson Gerald M. Stokes C. B. Farmer R. K. Seals 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1990,10(2):219-236
Observations of the vertical profile of hydrogen fluoride (HF) vapor in the stratosphere and of the vertical column amounts of HF above certain altitudes were made using a variety of spectroscopic instruments in the 1982 and 1983 Balloon Intercomparison Campaigns. Both emission instruments working in the far infrared spectral region and absorption instruments using solar occultation in the 2.5m region were employed. No systematic differences were seen in results from the two spectral regions. A mean profile from 20–45 km is presented, with uncertainties ranging from 20% to 50%. Total columns measured from ground and from 12 km are consistent with the profile if the mixing ratio for HF is small in the tropophere and low stratosphere. 相似文献