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1.
黔西南州冰雹与暴雨天气雷达回波特征分析   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
兴义新一代天气雷达运行两年来,观测到多次冰雹、暴雨天气过程,对其中几次典型个例作分析得出兴义地区冰雹与暴雨天气过程的雷达回波特征。冰雹的雷达回波移动速度快,而暴雨的雷达回波移动速度缓慢;冰雹回波强中心高度高,达8Km以上,暴雨回波强中心高度在7Km以下;通过对回波径向速度图的分析,可以得出冰雹与暴雨的动力结构有着明显的差异。  相似文献   

2.
利用铜仁市新一代天气雷达资料及贵阳和怀化探空站资料,对2015年5月14—15日发生在铜仁梵净山东侧的一次特大暴雨天气过程进行诊断分析。结果表明:高空向南加深的槽结合中低层低涡切变线、地面弱冷空气共同作用造成此次特大暴雨;近地层,暖湿气流北上受东北回流冷空气及梵净山地形的横向阻挡作用被迫抬升,使得对流回波维持,对特大暴雨的形成起到重要作用;对流有效位能(CAPE)值的突增是对流暴雨发生的一个重要指标;降水回波伸展高度较高、云层深厚是此次对流暴雨云团的主要特点;垂直液态水含量的突然跃增且高的VIL值长时间维持,可作为短时强降水发生的预报预警参考;较强回波伸展高度较高及强中气旋的发展及维持,为短时暴雨的发生提供了有利的动力条件。  相似文献   

3.
利用地面气象观测资料、ERA5再分析资料、FY-2E卫星和多普勒雷达资料,对2011年7月17日发生在巢湖地区的一次强对流暴雨过程进行诊断分析。结果显示:500hPa深槽、850hPa切变线及地面低压是此次暴雨过程的天气尺度影响系统,强降水发生在湿层和暖云层深厚、较低的抬升凝结高度、中等强度对流不稳定及弱垂直风切变条件下;FY-2E卫星云图分析表明,此次强降水过程主要是多个中尺度对流系统在巢湖合并所致,短时强降水落区主要落在中尺度对流系统TBB等值线密集区附近,TBB中心强度越强,TBB等值线梯度越大,对应的1h降水量越强;多普勒雷达分析揭示,短时强降水发生在两个对流回波合并期间,对流风暴移动缓慢,大于45dBz强回波均在6km以下,呈低层强烈气旋式辐合、高层辐散特征;地面中尺度辐合线是此次风暴的触发因子;湿位涡诊断结果表明,600hPa以下对流不稳定,600hPa以上对称不稳定,有利于暴雨和中尺度系统的发生发展。  相似文献   

4.
通过对1981—1990年期间雷达回波资料的分析,总结了产生山东暴雨的主要影响天气系统下的雷达回波特征。指出当气旋,切变线或热带气旋影响时为涡旋带状回波;当受低槽冷锋或无明显低涡结合的切变线影响时为混合型回波;而在强烈的位势不稳定环境条件下易产生超单体及雷暴群回波。同时,也举例说明了暴雨雷达回波同环境场条件的关系。这种结合天气系统的雷达回波分析,对提高山东暴雨的短时预报能力有一定意义。  相似文献   

5.
对近几年来武汉雷达所观测的典型低涡、梅雨锋暴雨天气过程进行了多普勒雷达观测分析,总结了β尺度暴雨回波系统的基本特征和强降水与诸多因素的关系.分析指出,在短时预报业务中,暴雨回波的识别和预警关键是从整体上要抓住β中尺度暴雨回波系统发生发展的特征,而不是孤立地研究一个对流单体的演变.  相似文献   

6.
为了提高对黄土高原γ中尺度致洪暴雨预报和预警能力,利用NCEP 1°×1°逐6 h再分析资料、常规观测资料、多普勒天气雷达资料等,对2015年7月18日黄土高原发生的一次γ中尺度致洪暴雨进行了诊断分析。结果表明:700~200 h Pa深厚低涡和低层切变是这次暴雨的主要影响系统;暴雨发生前暴雨区大气层结对流不稳定增强和对流有效位能的增长为强天气的发生提供了有利条件;暴雨发生前地面图上生成的湿焓高能中心、850 h Pa和700 h Pa等压面上生成的对流涡度矢量垂直分量高值中心和暴雨落区形成很好的对应关系;线状中尺度对流系统中β中尺度对流云团的发展加强对强降水有直接影响;线状中尺度对流系统在雷达回波图上体现为多个对流单体组成的带状回波,影响暴雨区的对流单体回波中心强度50 d BZ,径向速度场分析表明γ中尺度气旋性辐合的生成和维持为暴雨的持续提供了动力条件。  相似文献   

7.
对2005年7月27~29日黑龙江省低涡暴雨天气的影响系统、物理量场、云图和雷达回波进行了诊断分析。结果表明低涡暴雨对高、中、低纬度系统的配合要求很高;低涡暴雨有比较固定的降水落区;物理量、云图、雷达回波在暴雨开始前都能有效地用于预报暴雨降水时段。  相似文献   

8.
本文利用新一代天气雷达观测到的回波强度、回波速度等产品来判断分析,得出牡丹江地区此次局部对流天气的雷达回波,具有移动速度缓慢、高度高、中心强度强、速度场上有明显的逆风区结构、垂直风切变明显等特征,利用这些回波特征是判断此次局地短时暴雨的重要指标。  相似文献   

9.
2006年7月3日黄淮地区大暴雨过程分析   总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
利用地面和高空常规气象观测资料及全省自动站逐时观测风场资料、MM5中尺度数值模拟资料、多普勒天气雷达观测资料,对2006年7月3日发生在黄淮地区的大暴雨过程进行分析和模拟.结果表明:这次暴雨是由高空低涡前部强盛西南暖湿急流与地面生成的中气旋影响造成的;切变线两侧大气层结的强烈不稳定对形成此次短时暴雨有重要促进作用;此次临沂市短时暴雨是由低空切变线上生成的中β尺度气旋东移影响的;在有利的大尺度环流背景下,可利用数值预报产品预估过程集中影响时段,结合卫星云图资料范围大,雷达回波探测性强,自动站资料实时性、灵活性强等优点,进一步作好短时暴雨的临近预警预报,提高短时暴雨的预报提前量,努力降低短时暴雨造成的经济损失.  相似文献   

10.
江西两种典型强对流天气的雷达回波特征分析   总被引:2,自引:9,他引:2  
选取江西12次典型强对流天气过程,从7个方面对冰雹、雷雨大风和短时强降水2种强对流天气的多普勒天气雷达回波特征进行对比分析。分析结果表明,江西冰雹、雷雨大风天气45~55 dBz强回波平均高度为12.6 km,≥-25℃等温层的高度,比短时强降水天气高5.7 km。弱回波区或有界弱回波区、三体散射长钉、持续高垂直积分液态水含量、中气旋、下湿上干和强风垂直切变等,都是冰雹、雷雨大风天气的典型特征;相对平均径向速度图上“S”形暖平流及表现强低空急流的“牛眼”、深厚的湿度层等,则是短时强降水天气的主要特征。  相似文献   

11.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.  相似文献   

12.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics.  相似文献   

13.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.  相似文献   

14.
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.  相似文献   

15.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d.  相似文献   

16.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region.  相似文献   

17.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms.  相似文献   

18.
Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.  相似文献   

19.
The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.  相似文献   

20.
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on  相似文献   

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