共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Farmer beliefs and concerns about climate change and attitudes toward adaptation and mitigation: Evidence from Iowa 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
Agriculture is both vulnerable to climate change impacts and a significant source of greenhouse gases. Increasing agriculture’s resilience and reducing its contribution to climate change are societal priorities. Survey data collected from Iowa farmers are analyzed to answer the related research questions: (1) do farmers support adaptation and mitigation actions, and (2) do beliefs and concerns about climate change influence those attitudes. Results indicate that farmers who were concerned about the impacts of climate change on agriculture and attributed it to human activities had more positive attitudes toward both adaptive and mitigative management strategies. Farmers who believed that climate change is not a problem because human ingenuity will enable adaptations and who did not believe climate change is occurring or believed it is a natural phenomenon—a substantial percentage of farmers—tended not to support mitigation. 相似文献
2.
Crop and livestock farmers must respond to climate change, including a range of physical and cultural impacts and risks. In rural northern California, farmers face extreme drought and catastrophic wildfires with increasing frequency. I draw on an extended case study of farmers and agricultural advisors in Siskiyou County to understand how rural agriculturalists perceive risks when navigating climate change discourses. While farmers are changing their management practices in response to the physical effects of climate change, many perceive substantial social risks within their communities if they align themselves publicly with climate change beliefs or actions. Perceived social consequences included loss of access to the benefits of membership in formal and informal farming groups. Efforts focused on educating or convincing farmers of climate science may, in some contexts, increase rather than decrease the perceived social risks of climate action. The framing of climate policies, programs, and practices – especially by public agricultural advisors like Cooperative Extension Advisors and local USDA staff (e.g., Farm Service Agency) – is important not only for increasing farmer participation, but also for reducing perceived social risks associated with climate change. Interventions that focus on livelihood impacts and validate existing land stewardship-oriented values have more potential to increase the pace and scale of climate change mitigation and adaptation in agriculture. 相似文献
3.
Kristin L. Mercer Hugo R. Perales Joel D. Wainwright 《Global Environmental Change》2012,22(2):495-504
Climate change will affect agricultural production by subsistence farms in crop centers of origin, where landraces are conserved in situ. Various strategies for adaptation to climate change have been proposed. In this paper we examine the prospects of what we call the ‘transgenic adaptation strategy’, i.e. the appeal to use transgenic seeds to adapt to climate change, through the lens of smallholder maize farming in Mexico. Landraces are the bedrock of maize production in Mexico. We consider how maize farmers may respond to climate change and the effects of those responses on crop diversity. In this paper, we argue that the promotion of the transgenic adaptation strategy is problematic for biological and social reasons. Smallholder livelihoods in southern Mexico could suffer a disproportionate negative impact if transgenic technology is privileged as a response to climate change. Agroecological and evolutionary approaches to addressing the effects of climate change on smallholder agriculture provides an alternative adaptive strategy. 相似文献
4.
陈敏鹏 《气候变化研究进展》2020,16(1):105-116
减缓和适应是应对气候变化的互补性策略,但在《联合国气候变化框架公约》（简称《公约》）的谈判中,适应在很长一段时期都处于减缓的从属地位。《公约》20多年的适应谈判进程可划为早期缓慢发展、科学和技术讨论、适应与减缓并重、增强适应行动和全面适应行动5个阶段,呈现出由无到有、重要性不断增强的特点。这一特点反映了全球对气候变化影响和适应重要性认识的不断深入及适应气候变化挑战的不断增强。未来适应谈判将聚焦于如何通过《公约》现有机制增强行动及如何增加适应资金以满足发展中国家的适应需求。 相似文献
5.
Reducing Vulnerability of Agriculture and Forestry to Climate Variability and Change: Workshop Summary and Recommendations 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The International Workshop on Reducing Vulnerability of Agriculture and Forestry to Climate Variability and Climate Change
held in Ljubljana, Solvenia, from 7 to 9 October 2002 addressed a range of important issues relating to climate variability,
climate change, agriculture, and forestry including the state of agriculture and forestry and agrometeological information,
and potential adaptation strategies for agriculture and forestry to changing climate conditions and other pressures. There
is evidence that global warming over the last millennium has already resulted in increased global average annual temperature
and changes in rainfall, with the 1990s being likely the warmest decade in the Northern Hemisphere at least. During the past
century, changes in temperature patterns have, for example, had a direct impact on the number of frost days and the length
of growing seasons with significant implications for agriculture and forestry. Land cover changes, changes in global ocean
circulation and sea surface temperature patterns, and changes in the composition of the global atmosphere are leading to changes
in rainfall. These changes may be more pronounced in the tropics. For example, crop varieties grown in the Sahel may not be
able to withstand the projected warming trends and will certainly be at risk due to projected lower amounts of rainfall as
well. Seasonal to interannual climate forecasts will definitely improve in the future with a better understanding of dynamic
relationships. However, the main issue at present is how to make better use of the existing information and dispersion of
knowledge to the farm level. Direct participation by the farming communities in pilot projects on agrometeorological services
will be essential to determine the actual value of forecasts and to better identify the specific user needs. Old (visits,
extension radio) and new (internet) communication techniques, when adapted to local applications, may assist in the dissemination
of useful information to the farmers and decision makers. Some farming systems with an inherent resilience may adapt more
readily to climate pressures, making long-term adjustments to varying and changing conditions. Other systems will need interventions
for adaptation that should be more strongly supported by agrometeorological services for agricultural producers. This applies,
among others, to systems where pests and diseases play an important role. Scientists have to guide policy makers in fostering
an environment in which adaptation strategies can be effected. There is a clear need for integrating preparedness for climate
variability and climate change. In developed countries, a trend of higher yields, but with greater annual fluctuations and
changes in cropping patterns and crop calendars can be expected with changing climate scenarios. Shifts in projected cropping
patterns can be disruptive to rural societies in general. However, developed countries have the technology to adapt more readily
to the projected climate changes. In many developing countries, the present conditions of agriculture and forestry are already
marginal, due to degradation of natural resources, the use of inappropriate technologies and other stresses. For these reasons,
the ability to adapt will be more difficult in the tropics and subtropics and in countries in transition. Food security will
remain a problem in many developing countries. Nevertheless, there are many examples of traditional knowledge, indigenous
technologies and local innovations that can be used effectively as a foundation for improved farming systems. Before developing
adaptation strategies, it is essential to learn from the actual difficulties faced by farmers to cope with risk management
at the farm level. Agrometeorologists must play an important role in assisting farmers with the development of feasible strategies
to adapt to climate variability and climate change. Agrometeorologists should also advise national policy makers on the urgent
need to cope with the vulnerabilities of agriculture and forestry to climate variability and climate change. The workshop
recommendations were largely limited to adaptation. Adaptation to the adverse effects of climate variability and climate change
is of high priority for nearly all countries, but developing countries are particularly vulnerable. Effective measures to
cope with vulnerability and adaptation need to be developed at all levels. Capacity building must be integrated into adaptation
measures for sustainable agricultural development strategies. Consequently, nations must develop strategies that effectively
focus on specific regional issues to promote sustainable development. 相似文献
6.
IPCC AR6 WGII评估了气候变化对城市、住区和关键基础设施的影响、风险及应对。气候变化对城市影响的程度和范围逐渐增加,全球城市化的过程与气候变化相互作用加剧了城市和住区的风险。通过社会基础设施、基于自然的解决方案和灰色/工程基础设施所采取的适应措施对气候恢复力发展均有贡献,而城市适应差距在世界各地普遍存在。气候恢复力发展需要多方协作、弥合政策行动差距、提升适应能力。评估报告的经验和案例为我国城乡地区适应和应对气候变化风险提供借鉴。 相似文献
7.
The U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change’s (UNFCCC’s) Paris Agreement—which aims to limit climate change and increase global resilience to its effects—was a breakthrough in climate diplomacy, committing its Parties to develop and update national climate plans. Yet the Parties to the Agreement have largely overlooked the effect of climate change on ocean-based communities, economies, and ecosystems—as well as the role that the ocean can play in mitigating and adapting to climate change. Because the ocean is an integral part of the climate system, stronger inclusion of ocean issues is critical to achieving the Agreement’s goals. Here we discuss four ocean-climate linkages that suggest specific responses by Parties to the Agreement connected to 1) accelerating climate ambition, including via sustainable ocean-based mitigation strategies; 2) focusing on CO2 emissions to address ocean acidification; 3) better understanding ocean-based mitigation; and 4) pursuing ocean-based adaptation. These linkages offer a more complete perspective on the reasons strong climate action is necessary and inform a systematic approach for addressing ocean issues under the Agreement to strengthen climate mitigation and adaptation. 相似文献
8.
2008年6月印度政府发布了《气候变化国家行动方案》,阐明了印度应对气候变化的原则立场以及减缓和适应措施。方案中明确指出发展中国家是气候变化的最大受害者,发达国家应该承担温室气体减排的责任和义务;由于近年印度排放不断上升,方案也着重提出了提高能效、大力发展可再生能源等措施。与我国发布的《中国应对气候变化国家方案》进行对比,印度国家行动方案中的一些观点和措施值得我国研究和借鉴,该方案为我国进一步提出应对策略、加强国际合作提供了参考。 相似文献
9.
Julian Ramirez-Villegas Mike Salazar Andy Jarvis Carlos E. Navarro-Racines 《Climatic change》2012,115(3-4):611-628
Policy measures regarding adaptation to climate change include efforts to adjust socio-economic and ecologic systems. Colombia has undertaken various measures in terms of climate change mitigation and adaptation since becoming a party of the Kyoto protocol in 2001 and a party of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1995. The first national communication to the UNFCCC stated how Colombian agriculture will be severely impacted under different emission scenarios and time frames. The analyses in this document further support that climate change will severely threaten the socioeconomics of Colombian agriculture. We first query national data sources to characterize the agricultural sector. We then use 17 Global Circulation Model (GCM) outputs to quantify how Colombian agricultural production may be affected by climate change, and show the expected changes to years 2040–2069 (“2050”) under the A2 scenario of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES-A2) and the overall trends in both precipitation and temperature to 2100. We then evaluate expected changes within different regions and measure the proportion of area affected within each crop’s distributional range. By 2050, climatic change in Colombia will likely impact 3.5 million people, 14?% of national GDP corresponding to agriculture, employment of 21?% of the population, agro-industries, supply chains, and food and nutritional security. If no adaptation measures are taken, 80?% of crops would be impacted in more than 60?% of their current areas of cultivation, with particularly severe impacts in high value perennial and exportable crops. Impacts also include soil degradation and organic matter losses in the Andes hillsides; likely flooding in the Caribbean and Pacific coasts; niche losses for coffee, fruit, cocoa, and bananas; changes in prevalence of pests and diseases; and increases in the vulnerabilities of non-technically developed smallholders. There is, however, still time to change the current levels of vulnerability if a multidisciplinary focus (i.e., agronomic, economic, and social) in vulnerable sectors is undertaken. Each sub-sector and the Government need to invest in: (1) data collection, (2) detailed, regionally-based impact assessments, (3) research and development, and (4) extension and technology transfer. Support to vulnerable smallholders should be given by the state in the form of agricultural insurance systems contextualized under the phenomenon of climate change. A national coordination scheme led by (but not restricted to) the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MADR) with the contributions of national and international institutions is needed to address agricultural adaptation. 相似文献
10.
This paper offers a systematic analysis of the concepts and contexts that frame the climate-smart agriculture (CSA) discourse in the academic and policy literature. Documents (n?=?113) related to CSA and published in peer-reviewed journals, books, working papers, and scientific reports from 2004 to 2016 were reviewed. Three key trends emerged from the analysis: studies are biased towards global policy agendas; research focuses on scientific and technical issues; and the integration of mitigation, adaptation, and food security (the three pillars of CSA) is becoming a popular scholarly solution. Findings suggest that CSA is a fairly new concept used to describe a range of adaptation and mitigation practices without a specific set of criteria. Although CSA is often framed around the three pillars, the underlying issues constructing the discourse differ at global, developing, and developed country scales. Although there is increasing research on developing countries, particularly in relation to how CSA can transform smallholder agriculture, there is a paucity of research documenting the experiences from developed countries. The findings suggest that research on CSA needs to move beyond solely focussing on scientific approaches and only in certain geographical contexts. If CSA is to be applicable for farmers across the globe, then cross-disciplinary research that is underpinned by broad socio-economic and political contexts is essential to understand how differences in narratives might affect implementation on-the-ground in both developing and developed countries.POLICY RELEVANCEAlthough policy makers are increasingly supportive of the climate-smart agriculture (CSA) approach, the rhetoric has largely been developed on the basis of scientific and technical arguments. The political implications of varying perspectives have resulted in a growing divide between how developing and developed countries frame solutions to the impacts of climate change on agriculture under the 2015 Paris Agreement. Different framings are part of the explanation for why the scope of CSA is being rethought, with the scientific community redirecting attention to seeking a separate work programme under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The current policy framing of CSA will give no new policy direction unless it grounds itself in the smallholder farmer and civil society contexts. 相似文献
11.
This paper provides one of the first empirical studies that examine the impact of climate change adaptation practices on technical efficiency (TE) among smallholder farmers in Nepal. An adaptation index is used to explore the impact of farmers’ adaptation on TE using the stochastic frontier analysis framework. Data for six districts of Nepal representing all three agro-ecological regions (terai, hill, and mountain) were collected from a focus group discussion, a stakeholder workshop and a household survey. The survey shows that about 91% of the farming households have adopted at least one practice to minimize the adverse impacts of climate change. Empirical results reveal that adaptation is an important factor explaining efficiency differentials among farming households. Those adopting a greater number of adaptation practices on a larger scale are, on average, found to be 13% more technically efficient than those adopting fewer practices on smaller scale. The empirical results also show that average TE is only 0.72, indicating that there are opportunities for farming households in Nepal to further improve productive efficiency, on average by 28%. Other important factors that explain variations in the productive efficiency across farming households include farmer’s education level, irrigation facilities, market access, and social capital such as farmer’s participations in relevant agricultural organizations and clubs. This study provides empirical evidence to policy makers that small scale adjustments made by farmers in response to climate change impacts are effective in improving farmers’ efficiency in agriculture production. This indicates a need for farmers’ involvement in climate change adaptation planning. 相似文献
12.
Gavin Kenny 《Climatic change》2011,106(3):441-462
Assessments of adaptation in agriculture have evolved considerably from early, top-down, impact assessments. These early assessments,
internationally and in New Zealand, provided a limited view of ‘smart farmer’ adaptation. While impact assessment provides
some useful insights, experience with vulnerability and adaptation assessment provides a more appropriate foundation for understanding
and characterising practical smart farmer adaptation. Findings are presented from 8 years of engagement with farmers in eastern
regions of New Zealand. A comprehensive farm resilience picture has emerged from this work. This picture reflects a strong
belief from real-world smart farmers that there is sufficient knowledge and experience to adapt to climate change. Proactive
farmers are already reading multiple signals, including changes in climate, and are responding. The farm resilience picture
provides a foundation for exploring alternative adaptation options and pathways for agriculture. These are presented and discussed
in response to two proposed climate change scenarios, a high carbon world scenario and a rapidly decarbonising world scenario.
Knowledge intensive, low input systems are consistent with the resilience picture drawn from farmers. Such systems are also
consistent with a rapidly decarbonising world scenario and, it is argued, are likely to become increasingly attractive under
a high carbon world scenario. A smart farming approach, focused on resilience, provides the basis for development of a response
capacity, with potentially significant co-benefits in terms of adaptation and mitigation to climate change. Wider issues and
needs to support the further development of farm resilience, and more widely landscape or regional resilience, are identified
and discussed. It is apparent from this work that ongoing engagement with smart farmers, focused on resilience, can contribute
significantly to development of a coordinated ‘bottom up’ and ‘top down’ response capacity. Addressing the psychology of change
is a fundamental need to ensure wider engagement. 相似文献
13.
Climate change is expected to have particularly severe effects on poor agrarian populations. Rural households in developing countries adapt to the risks and impacts of climate change both individually and collectively. Empirical research has shown that access to capital—financial, human, physical, and social—is critical for building resilience and fostering adaptation to environmental stresses. Little attention, however, has been paid to how social capital generally might facilitate adaptation through trust and cooperation, particularly among rural households and communities. This paper addresses the question of how social capital affects adaptation to climate change by rural households by focusing on the relationship of household and collective adaptation behaviors. A mixed-methods approach allows us to better account for the complexity of social institutions—at the household, community, and government levels—which drive climate adaptation outcomes. We use data from interviews, household surveys, and field experiments conducted in 20 communities with 400 households in the Rift Valley of Ethiopia. Our results suggest that qualitative measures of trust predict contributions to public goods, a result that is consistent with the theorized role of social capital in collective action. Yet qualitative trust is negatively related to private household-level adaptation behaviors, which raises the possibility that social capital may, paradoxically, be detrimental to private adaptation. Policymakers should account for the potential difference in public and private adaptation behaviors in relation to trust and social capital when designing interventions for climate adaptation. 相似文献
14.
Oliver Heidrich Richard J. Dawson Diana Reckien Claire L. Walsh 《Climatic change》2013,120(4):771-784
Cities are increasingly aware of the need to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to changes in weather patterns leading to the production of urban climate change plans. The few existing systematic studies of these plans have focused on either adaptation or mitigation issues, and are typically based on surveys completed by city officials rather than analysis of documented evidence. To gain insight into the status of adaptation and mitigation action across the UK, climate change documents from 30 urban areas (representing ~28 % of the UK’s population) were analysed. An Urban Climate Change Preparedness Score, which could be applied to other urban areas outside the UK, has been devised for comparative analysis. This analysis characterizes progress against (i) Assessment, (ii) Planning, (iii) Action, and (iv) Monitoring, for both adaptation and mitigation. The Preparedness Score allows a quantitative comparison of climate change strategies across the urban areas analysed. This methodology can be transferred to other countries and makes an international comparison of urban areas and their climate change adaptation and mitigation plans possible. We found that all areas acknowledge climate change being a threat and that adaptation and mitigation planning and action is required. However, two urban areas did not have official adaptation or mitigation plans. Typically, mitigation activities across all cities were more advanced than adaptation plans. Emissions reduction targets ranged from 10 %–80 % with differing baselines, timeframes and scopes, for defining and meeting these targets. Similar variability was observed across adaptation plans. Several reasons for these differences are considered, but particularly notable is that a combination of incentives and regulation seem to stimulate more comprehensive strategies and action in many urban areas. 相似文献
15.
Matthew R. Sanderson Jason S. Bergtold Jessica L. Heier Stamm Marcellus M. Caldas Steven M. Ramsey Joseph Aistrup 《Climatic change》2018,150(3-4):259-272
Climate change in many agricultural contexts will increase tensions between farming and non-farming populations over adaptations in land use and water conservation strategies. How adequately these future tensions may be mitigated will be partially determined by each groups' beliefs about climate change. A voluminous literature shows that climate change beliefs are crucial for understanding engagement with climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies, and that values motivate climate change beliefs, but the role of values remains unclear, and comparisons of farming and non-farming populations are scant. We develop a model of climate change beliefs that integrates four main motivating factors - values, political ideology, knowledge, and worldview - and we explicitly compare members of farming and non-farming populations in an agricultural watershed in the Central Great Plains, USA. Our findings highlight the role of held values in motivating climate change beliefs and point to areas of potential consensus and tension within and among members of these two groups. The results provide an empirical basis for developing future climate change engagement strategies in contexts of growing divides and conflicts among farming and non-farming groups. 相似文献
16.
J. Gordon Arbuckle Jr. Linda Stalker Prokopy Tonya Haigh Jon Hobbs Tricia Knoot Cody Knutson Adam Loy Amber Saylor Mase Jean McGuire Lois Wright Morton John Tyndall Melissa Widhalm 《Climatic change》2013,117(4):943-950
A February 2012 survey of almost 5,000 farmers across a region of the U.S. that produces more than half of the nation’s corn and soybean revealed that 66 % of farmers believed climate change is occurring (8 % mostly anthropogenic, 33 % equally human and natural, 25 % mostly natural), while 31 % were uncertain and 3.5 % did not believe that climate change is occurring. Results of initial analyses indicate that farmers’ beliefs about climate change and its causes vary considerably, and the relationships between those beliefs, concern about the potential impacts of climate change, and attitudes toward adaptive and mitigative action differ in systematic ways. Farmers who believed that climate change is occurring and attributable to human activity were significantly more likely to express concern about impacts and support adaptive and mitigative action. On the other hand, farmers who attributed climate change to natural causes, were uncertain about whether it is occurring, or did not believe that it is occurring were less concerned, less supportive of adaptation, and much less likely to support government and individual mitigative action. Results suggest that outreach with farmers should account for these covariances in belief, concerns, and attitudes toward adaptation and mitigation. 相似文献
17.
大学气候变化教育是国家应对气候变化能力建设的重要组成部分。通过一个自主设计的问卷,随机抽样调查了南京农业大学部分在校本科生,评价和分析了其对气候变化问题的认识水平、应对行动态度与行动的意愿性等。结果表明,被调查者在气候变化与农业的关系上有较高的认知,但在气候变化意识的不同方面和年级间及专业间都存在一定差异。农学类学生对于温室气体的产生途径及其与气候变化的关系了解不够,不过,高年级学生和农科类学生关于气候变化与农业关系方面的认知分别显著高于低年级和文科类学生。然而,学生个体间在应对气候变化的参与态度上有很大差异,而气候变化的总体意识和参与态度与年级关系相对较弱。看来,高等农业院校本科教育中急需加强气候变化教育。建议开设气候变化及其应对的公共选修课或专门气候变化管理课程,以适应应对气候变化的人才培养需求。 相似文献
18.
An effective policy response to climate change will include, among other things, investments in lowering greenhouse gas emissions (mitigation), as well as short-term temporary (flow) and long-lived capital-intensive (stock) adaptation to climate change. A critical near-term question is how investments in reducing climate damages should be allocated across these elements of a climate policy portfolio, especially in the face of uncertainty in both future climate damages and also the effectiveness of yet-untested adaptation efforts. We build on recent efforts in DICE-based integrated assessment modeling approaches that include two types of adaptation—short-lived flow spending and long-lived depreciable adaptation stock investments—along with mitigation, and we identify and explore the uncertainties that impact the relative proportions of policies within a response portfolio. We demonstrate that the relative ratio of flow adaptation, stock adaptation, and mitigation depend critically on interactions among: 1) the relative effectiveness in the baseline of stock versus flow adaptation, 2) the degree of substitutability between stock and flow adaptation types, and 3) whether there exist physical limits on the amount of damages that can be reduced by flow-type adaptation investments. The results indicate where more empirical research on adaptation could focus to best inform near-term policy decisions, and provide a first step towards considering near-term policies that are flexible in the face of uncertainty. 相似文献
19.
Isaure Delaporte 《Climate Policy》2018,18(1):49-62
Climate change is expected to disproportionately affect agriculture in Bangladesh; however, there is limited information on smallholder farmers’ overall vulnerability and adaptation needs. This article estimates the impact of climatic shocks on the household agricultural income and, subsequently, on farmers’ adaptation strategies. Relying on data from a survey conducted in several communities in Bangladesh in 2011 and based on an IV probit approach, the results show that a 1 percentage point (pp) climate-induced decline in agricultural income pushes Bangladeshi households to adapt by almost 3 pp. Moreover, Bangladeshi farmers undertake a variety of adaptation options. However, several barriers to adaptation were identified, noticeably access to electricity and wealth. In this respect, policies can be implemented in order to assist the Bangladeshi farming community to adapt to climate change.
Policy relevance
This study contributes to the literature of adaptation to climate change by providing evidence of existing risk-coping strategies and by showing how a household’s ability to adapt to weather-related risk can be limited. This study helps to inform the design of policy in the context of increasing climatic stress on the smallholder farmers in Bangladesh. 相似文献
20.
Individual action and support for policy to tackle climate change have been linked to perceptions of political and scientific controversy and consensus concerning the issue. Recent media effects research indicates that presentation of agreement or conflict between actors’ opinions influences how audiences respond to news about climate change and policy. While some national case studies have investigated portrayals of actors’ positions on important questions regarding climate change in the media, they are largely absent from comparative research. This study addresses this gap by analysing portrayals of actor-issue-positions and the emerging patterns of controversy and consensus in German, Canadian, and US coverage. Studying a sample of occurrences of climate change-related issues (N = 902) in-depth, the results show German media present political consensus about the need to limit emissions and societal controversy about the efficacy of specific mitigation measures. Presenting mainly consensus, Canadian media report more on climate change’s impact, leaving aside the issue of efficacy. In the US, media emphasise political controversy — about the need to limit emissions and occasionally about climate change’s impact on humans. The findings, consistent with other recent publications, can best be explained by journalists selectively indexing of seemingly relevant actor-issue-positions. 相似文献