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大棚小气候特征及其与大气候的关系 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
为了提高大棚揭闭膜气象服务的针对性,对武汉城郊冬春季棚内外气温、地温进行了逐时对比观测试验,利用相关分析及逐步回归分析方法,分3种天气类型对棚内气温、地温观测数据进行了计算分析.结果表明,在晴好天气下大棚、双层膜最高气温分别比棚外大气最高气温高20、24℃左右,夜间温度分别比棚外大气高0.8～3.5℃、3.5～6.5℃,棚内温度日较差在晴好天气下高达30～35℃,气温变化剧烈,一天内可能既要防范高温热害,又要防御低温危害.白天棚内气温与大气温度、太阳高度角关系密切,夜间气温以及10cm地温与大气温度相关显著,并由此建立了棚内气温、地温统计数学模型.利用该模型可以准确地推算或预测大棚内逐时气温、地温变化,为菜农提供大棚揭闭膜气象服务. 相似文献
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戴湘艳 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2012,6(2)
利用吐鲁番地区两个测站1981～2010年30年晚秋～冬季（11～2月）的逐日平均气温、日最低气温、日照时数以及连续阴雪天数等资料,分析当地秋冬季节的低温、强降温、寡照的气候特征及其近30年的变化,归纳了吐鲁番地区影响温室大棚蔬菜生长的温度、光照指标,并提出了当地日光温室应对低温寡照的气象服务要点。 相似文献
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利用2012年12月至2013年1月和2013年12月至2014年1月两个生长季沈阳和喀左地区日光温室的小气候观测数据,基于日光温室番茄实际低温冻害发生及影响因素分析,构建日温差指数,确定辽宁地区日光温室番茄果实膨大期低温冻害的指标,并采用回归分析方法建立了日光温室温度预报模型。结果表明:日光温室内持续低温、寡照及高湿综合作用造成了番茄低温冻害的发生。在日光温室内高湿的环境条件下,日光温室外出现阴雨雪天气,且寡照天气持续3d,日光温室内最高气温小于10℃,最低气温小于5℃,且5℃以下低温持续时间达15h以上时,将出现低温冻害。利用日光温室内外逐时气温数据建立温室内逐时气温预报模型,18时至翌日08时逐时气温≤3℃误差的预报准确率达86%以上。因此,利用确定的日光温室内番茄低温冻害指标和建立的日光温室内逐时气温预报模型,可实现温室内番茄低温冻害预警,提高日光温室防灾减灾能力。 相似文献
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通过分析来宾市从2002年成立以来(2003-2014年)春播期(历年2月21日到3月31日)低温阴雨(日平均气温＜=12℃大于或等于3天)天气实况,重点以2011年全市大部为中度低温阴雨为例分析评估其影响,为春播期低温阴雨农业气象服务提供对策建议. 相似文献
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1999年 12月 2 0～ 2 3日 ,南阳市出现≤ - 10℃的低温天气 ,最低的镇平县达到 - 13.7℃。低温天气不仅对小麦和蔬菜造成一定的冻害 ,而且给工作和生活带来诸多不便。因此 ,做好低温天气的成因分析 ,对于提高预报质量和防灾减灾具有十分重要的意义。1 低温出现的时间统计了南阳市 1970～ 1999年气象资料 ,结果发现 ,低温天气最早出现的时间是 12月 9日 (1975年 ) ,最晚是 2月 2 0日 (1985年 )。因此 ,12月上旬至次年 2月中旬是南阳市低温的发生时间。2 低温天气的成因分析低温前 1～ 2天的高空天气形势有两类 :第一类是亚洲盛行强的经向环… 相似文献
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基于汉中市2018年和2020年两次典型的倒春寒天气过程,分析汉中春茶倒春寒冻害特征以及相应的气象服务特点。结果表明:2018年4月5—7日倒春寒天气降温幅度、最低气温、冻害影响均比2020年3月27—30日倒春寒大。茶区日平均气温、日最低气温平均降幅超过8℃,最低气温低于4℃会引起春茶冻害,最低气温低于2(0)℃会造成中(重)度冻害,前期气候越暖,入侵冷空气越强,降温幅度越大,最低气温越低且持续时间越长范围越大,造成的冻害越严重。加强春季强降温和低温预测预报研究,尤其是最低气温≤4℃的低温天气过程的提前预报和影响预估,提高决策服务的提前量,建立多渠道、覆盖面广的气象灾害预报信息服务,可为各级部门、茶企和农户采取应对措施争取充足的时间。种植和管理统筹安排、因地制宜,增加抗寒品种,加强水肥管理提升树势;倒春寒天气前后积极采取防冻措施和补救措施,也都可在一定程度上减轻春茶冻害。 相似文献
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利用1991～2002年天气图资料和1999～2002年日本传真图、T106格点资料，分析了开封市低温天气的环流形势，确定了入型指标和分县预报指标，建立了低温预报方程。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
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The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(4):227
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. 相似文献
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Connections between the Eurasian teleconnection and concurrent variation of upper-level jets over East Asia 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The variation of the East Asian jet stream(EAJS) associated with the Eurasian(EU) teleconnection pattern is investigated using 60-yr NCEP–NCAR daily reanalysis data over the period 1951–2010. The EAJS consists of three components: the polar front jet(PFJ); the plateau subtropical jet(PSJ); and the ocean subtropical jet(OSJ). Of these three jets over East Asia,the EU pattern exhibits a significant influence on the PFJ and OSJ. There is a simultaneous negative correlation between the EU pattern and the PFJ. A significant positive correlation is found between the EU pattern and the OSJ when the EU pattern leads the OSJ by about 5 days. There is no obvious correlation between the EU pattern and the PSJ. The positive EU phase is accompanied by a weakened and poleward-shifted PFJ, which coincides with an intensified OSJ. A possible mechanism for the variation of the EAJS during different EU phases is explored via analyzing the effects of 10-day high-and low-frequency eddy forcing. The zonal wind tendency due to high-frequency eddy forcing contributes to the simultaneous negative correlation between the EU pattern and the PFJ, as well as the northward/southward shift of the PFJ. High- and low-frequency eddy forcing are both responsible for the positive correlation between the EU pattern and the OSJ, but only high-frequency eddy forcing contributes to the lagged variation of the OSJ relative to the EU pattern. The negative correlation between the EU pattern and winter temperature and precipitation anomalies in China is maintained only when the PFJ and OSJ are out of phase with each other. Thus, the EAJS plays an important role in transmitting the EU signal to winter temperature and precipitation anomalies in China. 相似文献
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By using the gauged rainfall in 160 stations within mainland China and the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, the impacts of anomalous SST in Kuroshio and its extension on precipitation in Northeast China were investigated. The results show that a difference in the meridional circulation such as the East Asia/Pacific teleconnection pattern(EAP)may be responsible for the difference in rainfall between 1998 and 2010. In comparison with 1998, the anomalous meridional circulation pattern in 2010 shifted northeastward, and then the western subtropical high, the mid-latitudinal trough and the northeastern Asia blocking high also shifted northeastward, causing intensified convergence of the cold and warm air masses at the southern region and thus more rainfall in the southwestern region and less in the northwestern region. In 1998, the anomalous cyclone, one component of the meridional pattern, located at the Songhuajiang-Nengjiang River basin, resulted in more rainfall in the majority of the area. The results of observation and the model show that the difference in SSTA in Kuroshio and its extension under the background of different El Ni觡o events is the key point:(1) The anomalous warmth moved westward from the mid-Pacific to the east of the Philippine Sea during the central event, which led the heat resources shifting to the northeast in 2010; subsequently, a shift occurred to the north of the anomalous ascent and decent, followed by a warm SSTA in the region of Kuroshio's extension in 2010 and Kuroshio in 1998.(2) The warm SSTA in the Kuroshio extension causing the Rossby wave activity flux strengthened in 2010, and then the westerly jet shifted northward and extended eastward. A warm SSTA in Kuroshio and cold SSTA in its extension in 1998 caused the westerly jet to shift southward and weaken. As a result,the anomalous anticyclone and cyclone shifted northward in 2010, and the blocking high also shifted northward. 相似文献
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<p>PARTITION OF SEASON BASED ON MULTIELEMENTS AND THE DECADAL CHANGE OF SEASON DURATION IN CHINA</p>
<p>Using the multielements similarity measurement method and 1950–C2017 NCEP/NCAR gridded daily reanalysis datasets, we analyzed season duration in China during 1950–C2016, and we defined the element with maximum absolute sensitivity as the key impact element at each point using the sensitivity analysis method. The decadal change of season duration and its key impact element before and after 1980 were studied. The results indicated obvious meridional and zonal differences in the distribution of season duration for the 67-year average, and that the key impact element has the same distribution characteristics as season duration. In addition, complementary relationships were found between the durations of spring and summer, autumn and winter, and the cold and warm seasons. Of those, the complementary relationship between the durations of spring and summer was strongest and the regions of complementarity were numerous. The complementary regions of autumn and winter durations were found mainly in western China. In the cold and warm seasons, the complementary regions were widespread and the complementary relationship was generally weak. Comparison of the periods before and after 1980 revealed an east–Cwest difference in the interdecadal variation of season duration. Interdecadal variation in spring and summer was found concentrated in northern and western regions, while that in autumn and winter was concentrated in the western region. Areas of significant interdecadal variation of the key elements were found concentrated in northern and western regions, corresponding well with the areas of significant interdecadal variation of season duration.</p> 相似文献
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Understanding potential future influence of environmental, economic, and social drivers on land-use and sustainability is critical for guiding strategic decisions that can help nations adapt to change, anticipate opportunities, and cope with surprises. Using the Land-Use Trade-Offs (LUTO) model, we undertook a comprehensive, detailed, integrated, and quantitative scenario analysis of land-use and sustainability for Australia’s agricultural land from 2013–2050, under interacting global change and domestic policies, and considering key uncertainties. We assessed land use competition between multiple land-uses and assessed the sustainability of economic returns and ecosystem services at high spatial (1.1 km grid cells) and temporal (annual) resolution. We found substantial potential for land-use transition from agriculture to carbon plantings, environmental plantings, and biofuels cropping under certain scenarios, with impacts on the sustainability of economic returns and ecosystem services including food/fibre production, emissions abatement, water resource use, biodiversity services, and energy production. However, the type, magnitude, timing, and location of land-use responses and their impacts were highly dependent on scenario parameter assumptions including global outlook and emissions abatement effort, domestic land-use policy settings, land-use change adoption behaviour, productivity growth, and capacity constraints. With strong global abatement incentives complemented by biodiversity-focussed domestic land-use policy, land-use responses can substantially increase and diversify economic returns to land and produce a much wider range of ecosystem services such as emissions abatement, biodiversity, and energy, without major impacts on agricultural production. However, better governance is needed for managing potentially significant water resource impacts. The results have wide-ranging implications for land-use and sustainability policy and governance at global and domestic scales and can inform strategic thinking and decision-making about land-use and sustainability in Australia. A comprehensive and freely available 26 GB data pack (http://doi.org/10.4225/08/5604A2E8A00CC) provides a unique resource for further research. As similarly nuanced transformational change is also possible elsewhere, our template for comprehensive, integrated, quantitative, and high resolution scenario analysis can support other nations in strategic thinking and decision-making to prepare for an uncertain future. 相似文献
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碳交易政策的经济影响:以广东省为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过构建广东省两区域动态模型,对广东省碳交易及其他政策措施进行定量评估,分析实施可调控总量的碳交易政策机制对广东省及参与交易部门的经济影响。研究结果表明,按照减排情景到2015年广东完成19.5%的碳强度下降目标,相比基准情景,GDP将减少0.7%;按照强减排情景到2015年将完成20.5%的碳强度下降目标,相比基准情景GDP将减少0.9%;如果在强减排情景的基础上实施碳交易政策,GDP相对基准情景减少0.8%,到2015年实施碳交易政策可减少GDP损失约90亿元,说明广东建立碳排放权交易机制能够发挥支持经济发展和节能减碳双赢的作用。 相似文献