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利用年轮与气候资料,依据树木气候学、树木生理生态学、森林气象学等原理,通过解析木及干基年轮与各种气候要素的相关统计和模拟分析等方法,揭示了树木年轮类型特征及其气候反应和形成规律;研究了年轮序列以及树木的高、径、材积等生长量序列的年际差异和主要的气候影响因素,给出两个生长阶段。 相似文献
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利用年轮与气候资料,依据森林气候学、数理统计学等原理,通过干基年轮和解析木测定因子与气候要素的相关统计和模拟分析,研究了树木气候分析的方法、模型、理论和应用基础;研究了树干基部年轮、解析木的高、径和材积生长量与气候要素的相关性、规律以及气候影响树木生长程度的判断指标。 相似文献
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利用古松年轮资料重建陕西榆林气候 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了较可靠的利用树木年轮气候学方法重建过去的气候,本文依据陕北长城沿线两棵稀有的古油松,经过合适取样和精确定年的树木年轮表,首先确立了它们各自生长状况对气候要素的响应函数,进一步明确年轮宽度与气候的关系.接着,选择可被重建的气候因子,并建立包括前期生长状况在内的、经过正交变换的转换函数,达到重建过去降水的目的. 相似文献
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由于分布广泛、分辨率高、定年准确和气候敏感性好等原因,树木年轮在重建过去区域、半球甚至全球气候环境变化中扮演着重要角色。天山地处中亚干旱区,气候变化波动大,对全球变化响应敏感,植物生长的干旱胁迫作用强烈,天山山区分布有大量雪岭云杉和西伯利亚落叶松等长龄且对气候敏感的针叶树种,因此天山山区是树轮气候研究的理想区域。天山山区树轮气候研究始于20世纪70年代,尤其是近10 a有了长足的进步,有关天山山区树轮气候研究已经在国际上有一定影响。本文通过综述国内外对天山山区树轮气候研究的现状和进展,总结了近200 a基于树轮资料的天山山区较为一致的气候变化规律,并为进一步开展天山山区树轮气候研究提出建议。天山山区未来树木年轮气候学研究应在开展大量不同区域树木年轮气候学重建基础上,尝试理解树木径向生长对气候的响应机理研究,同时选用不同数理方法和多树木年轮指标进行长时间尺度和大空间范围重建工作,并讨论中亚干旱区过去千年气候变化的影响机制。 相似文献
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结合气象行业标准《树木年轮气候研究树轮采样规范》（QX/T 90-2008）和树木年轮气候研究多年的实践经验,将树木年轮宽度气候分析中的树木年轮宽度资料采集步骤划分为野外采样、样本预处理、数据获取、数据交叉定年和年表研制。通过对树轮宽度资料采集过程中各个步骤及其质量控制的介绍,希望能为开展树木年轮宽度气候研究提供参考。 相似文献
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张永 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2015,9(5):9-15
高分辨率的树木年轮是记录历史时期气候变化的良好生物载体,在古气候研究中被广泛应用。但年轮宽度与气候因子之间有着复杂的联系,这种关系受气候因子之间的相互制衡和因物种而异的树木生长节律的共同影响。在利用树木年轮开展历史时期气候变化的研究中,剔除树木年轮与年龄相关的生长趋势是准确获取气候信号的先决条件。然而,传统的和相对改进的一些树轮标准化方法在拟合并剔除树龄相关的趋势及非气候干扰信息方面仍存在一些问题。本文利用经验模态分解(EMD)方法进行树轮资料的标准化方法研究, 对已获得的树轮生长序列所记录的信息进行分解,得到一系列不同物理意义的本征模态分量,结合多样本信息的对比及生物学特性,深入解读各分量表征的气候变化、环境干扰及缓慢生长趋势项等不同物理意义,进而剔除非气候信息,得到可以准确反映气候变化的代用序列,并将该方法与目前广泛采用的标准化方法进行对比,分析不同方法的利弊所在,为进一步改进树轮标准化方法提供新思路。 相似文献
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华山旅游气候舒适度时空变化分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用华山站1960-2011年的气温、湿度、风速、日照、降水、总云量、低云量和大风日数等日平均气象资料,采用人体舒适度指数和寒冷指数作为旅游气候舒适度评价指标,对华山旅游区的气候特点、人体舒适度及舒适度时空分布特征等方面进行了分析和评价。研究结果表明:华山旅游风景区气温、相对湿度和大风日数3个气候因素的组合比较优越,气温对人体舒适度起主导作用。华山旅游区各月月均气温随着时间的推移均有不同程度的升高,使得华山旅游区各月的舒适程度增加;华山的地理环境导致其常年多风,且风速偏大,6-9月的大于3.4 m/s,有助于空气流动、增强乱流,降低炎热感觉,提高人体舒适度指数。华山旅游区在6-8月平均气温仅为15.5℃,平均风速为3.7 m/s,为华山旅游的人体舒适度最高的月份;4、5、9、10月为华山旅游区人体舒适度适中的月份;3和11月为很冷;2和12月为极度寒冷;1月有冻伤危害。 相似文献
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新疆伊犁乌孙山北坡树轮灰度年表的建立及气候意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用2006年采自新疆伊犁乌孙山北坡3个采点的树轮样本,建立了树轮宽度年表,采用树轮图像分析法进一步建立了3种宽度年表和5种灰度年表。宽度年表对比发现,树木年轮对气候响应南疆强于北疆,北疆其它地方强于伊犁地区,而乌孙山北坡与伊犁其它地区比较,树轮宽度对气候的响应较敏感。树轮图像分析法建立的8种年表特征进行对比发现,恰依恰孜宽度年表对气候的响应最为强烈;而阿乌里亚乔克标准化灰度年表对气候的响应较好。相关分析表明,全轮灰度、早材灰度和最大灰度与4、5月气温相关较好。4月降水和实测宽度、全轮宽度以及早材宽度相关较好,而6月降水与全轮灰度和早材灰度相关较好。早材宽度对气候的响应强于晚材宽度;全轮灰度和早材灰度对气候的响应较好。利用树轮图像分析所得到的8个树轮参数年表可增加气候重建代用指标,提高气候重建的精度。 相似文献
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系统介绍了利用SilviScan-3TM测量细胞结构、木材密度、微纤丝角和划分年轮界线的方法,并以祁连山青海云杉为例,分析青海云杉6个木材性质参数(年轮细胞直径、年轮细胞壁厚、年轮宽度、年轮密度、年轮微纤丝角、年轮弹性模量)与气候因子的关系,以期为利用多个树轮参数研究气候提供参考。结果表明:6个木材性质参数与月平均气温和月降水量都有显著相关的月份,但显著相关的时间段不同,并且微纤丝角和细胞结构参数中包含的气候信息强于常用的年轮宽度和年轮密度。SilviScan-3TM测量木材性质参数的优越性体现在:测量精度高、速度快,能在同一个试样上测量多个参数并能精确定年。 相似文献
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浑善达克沙地沙尘气溶胶的粒谱特征 总被引：22，自引：2，他引：20
浑善达克沙地是我国主要沙尘气溶胶源地之一,但对其沙尘气溶胶特征一直缺乏研究.2001年4月末到5月初,在内蒙古浑善达克沙地利用PMS Fssp-100型激光粒谱仪进行了大气气溶胶的外场观测,取得了晴天、扬沙和沙尘暴天气条件下沙尘粒子的数浓度采样资料,通过统计分析研究,总结出浑善达克沙地在不同天气条件下近地面沙尘气溶胶的粒谱分布规律.所得统计结果表明了与其他源地沙尘气溶胶的共同点、差异之处及其原因.这一结果也为沙尘气溶胶辐射气候效应的数值模拟提供了新的实测依据. 相似文献
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Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl.) is a widely distributed species in the Pacific Northwest of North America. The extent that the current distribution of this species may be altered under a changing climate is an important question for managers of wood supply as well as those interested in conservation of subalpine ecosystems. In this paper, we address the question, how much might the current range of the species shift under a changing climate? We first assessed the extent that suboptimal temperature, frost, drought, and humidity deficits affect photosynthesis and growth of the species across the Pacific Northwest with a process-based model (3-PG). We then entered the same set of climatic variables into a decision-tree model, which creates a suite of rules that differentially rank the variables, to provide a basis for predicting presence or absence of the species under current climatic conditions. The derived decision-tree model successfully predicted weighted presence and absence recorded on 12,660 field survey plots with an accuracy of ~70%. The analysis indicated that sites with significant spring frost, summer temperatures averaging <15°C and soils that fully recharged from snowmelt were most likely to support lodgepole pine. Based on these criteria, we projected climatic conditions through the twenty-first century as they might develop without additional efforts to reduce carbon emissions using the Canadian Climate Centre model (CGCM2). In the 30-year period centered around 2020, the area suitable for lodgepole pine in the Pacific Northwest was projected to be reduced only slightly (8%). Thereafter, however, the projected climatic conditions appear to progressively favor other species, so that by the last 30 years of twenty-first century, lodgepole pine could be nearly absent from much of its current range. We conclude that process-based models, because they are highly sensitive to seasonal variation in solar radiation, are well adapted to identify the importance of different climatic variables on photosynthesis and growth. These same variables, once indentified, and run through a decision-tree model, provide a reasonable approach to predict current and future patterns in a species?? distribution. 相似文献
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Juan Carlos Linares Antonio Delgado-Huertas Jos�� Antonio Carreira 《Climatic change》2011,105(1-2):67-90
The projected temperature rise, rainfall decrease and concentration of rainfall in extreme events could induce growth decline and die-off on tree populations located at the geographical distribution limit of the species. Understanding of adaptive capacity and regional vulnerability to climate change in Mediterranean forests is not well developed and requires more focused research efforts. We studied the relationships between spatiotemporal patterns of temperature and precipitation along the southwestern edge of the Betic range (southern Spain) and measured basal area increment (BAI) and carbon isotope (??) in tree ring series of Abies pinsapo and Pinus halepensis, two Mediterranean conifer trees with contrasting drought adaptive capacity. Climatic information was obtained from a network covering a wide range of elevations and distances from the Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts. Temperature trends were tested by the Mann?CKendall test, and precipitation was thoroughly analyzed by quantile regression. Climatic data showed a warming trend, enhanced since the 1970s, while quantile regressions revealed that drought events worsened during the course of the twentieth century. Long-term decrease of A. pinsapo BAI was related to regional warming and changing precipitation patterns, suggesting increasing drought stress on this species. Both temperature and precipitation in the summer influenced wood ?? in P. halepensis, whereas negative correlation between wood ?? and current autumn temperature was yielded for A. pinsapo. Increased intrinsic water use efficiency was inferred from wood ?? in both species; however, A. pinsapo showed sudden growth reductions under drier conditions, while pine trees were able to maintain almost constant BAI values and lower water costs under increasing long-term water stress. 相似文献
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M. R. Attolini F. Calvani M. Galli T. Nanni L. Ruggiero E. Schaer F. Zuanni 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》1990,41(3):121-127
Summary The weekly increments under various conditions of a dozen of 30 to 60 years old Halep pines grown in the Lecce area have been measured during two years with a band dendrometer. The data have been compared with the X-ray density of a stem in radial direction, the weekly precipitations and the integrated temperature excess above 8°C. We have found thatgrowth rate behaviour is practically the same for all the pines considered. This indicate a strict dependence of growth on external factors such as climate and other environmental conditions. Vegetation activity does not seem to have regular dormancy periods: it stops when temperature and humidity become prohibitive and resumes as soon as they become favourable. The volume of wood formed in late-season (July–January) equals more or less that of early-season (February–June), whereas the wood mass and the number of cells in late-season is nearly double of that in early-season. During periods of high cambial activity one observes a lower cell lignification. However, on the whole, the photoperiodicity hypothesis in lignification seems to be confirmed. The growth rate appears inversely related to density. The lignification process appears to extend to the outer xylem layer of 1–2 mm and seems most effective during dry and warm seasons when cambial activity is low. Density wriggles appear to derive from combined variations of cambial activity, cell size and lignification, mostly corresponding to environmental events such as periods of drought or of cold weather. Finally, during the dry seasons we find that a precipitation event is generally followed within a time less than a week, by an increase of growth rate. Whereas during the wet season the growth rate variation is very similar to that of temperature excess.With 6 Figures 相似文献
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G. BUZORIUS Ü RANNIK D. NILSSON M. KULMALA 《Tellus. Series B, Chemical and physical meteorology》2001,53(4):394-405
Fluxes of aerosol particles with sizes larger than 10 nm together with fluxes of momentum, sensible and latent heat and CO2 were measured 10 m above a Scots pine forest with the eddy covariance method. During days when nucleation events were observed particle size distribution measurements showed particle growth from 3 nm sizes to the Aitken mode. Analysis of the experimental data showed systematic differences in fluxes during the days when new particle production was observed compared to other days. During the nucleation events the particle flux measurements showed downward aerosol particle transport, i.e., indicating an elevated source, with respect to the measurement level, of particles larger than 10 nm. Furthermore the turbulence intensity and the heat fluxes were observed to be significantly higher. Evidences of mesoscale circulation were observed in wind speed records as well as in turbulent fluxes on nucleation days. The measurement results show that micrometeorology, the synoptic scale conditions and the particle formation are closely related. 相似文献
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2009—2010年贵州秋、冬、春季干旱气象要素与环流特征分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用2009年9月—2010年5月贵州88个气象站地面观测资料,800个自动气象站温度、降水资料以及NCEP再分析资料,分析了持续干旱过程中的大尺度环流背景及气象要素分布特征,同时运用气候干湿指数、综合气象干旱指数对此次持续干旱程度进行了模拟。结果表明,贵州此次持续干旱天气主要发生在西太平洋副热带高压呈带状分布,强度偏强、位置偏西、南支系统偏弱及冷空气活动路径偏北偏东的环流条件下。在干旱期间,贵州西部地区气温为正距平,降水为负距平,空气相对湿度为38%～73%,气候干湿指数<0.6;东部地区气温除2009年11月和2010年4～5月为负距平外,其余月份均为正距平,降水基本上为负距平,空气相对湿度为60%～81%,除2009年11月和2010年4～5月气候干湿指数>1.0外,其余月份均<0.6。总体上,贵州西部地区的旱情较东部地区严重。 相似文献
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Alicja Breymeyer 《Climatic change》2005,71(1-2):221-248
Studies on pine ecosystem functioning were carried out in different climates along a W–E transect extending more than 1500
km across Central-Eastern Europe (Germany-Poland-Belarus). Decomposition of litter in litter bags, measured at 13 locations
simultaneously during 1995 and 1996 was correlated with components of climate: long-term annual temperature (TANN), temperature
amplitude (TAMP) defined as the difference between temperatures of the warmest and coldest months, annual precipitation (PANN)
and precipitation amplitude (PAMP). The content of eight metallic elements (Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Pb, Cd) was determined
in litters from the same stands and correlations with decomposition rates were estimated. In those 13 pine stands influenced
by gradually changing thermoclimate, the role of chemical factors was evaluated. It is suggested that similar interactions
between decomposition, thermoclimate and metallic elements can occur in the case of climate change. In the warmer year, 1995,
statistically significant correlations between decomposition rate and metal content or climatic factors were more frequent.
Among the four fractions of litter analysed, needle litter responds most to the presence of climate and metals as regards
its decomposition. Results from the calculation of partial correlations excluding the influence of various climatic factors
suggest that a synergistic interaction might exist between two groups of factors driving decomposition processes, i.e. climate
(in this case TANN, TAMP and CONT) and litter chemistry. 相似文献