共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
李红军 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2013,7(1):1-5
利用偏振微脉冲激光雷达对塔中一次沙尘天气过程进行了监测分析,得到沙尘的空间分布结构、变化过程等信息:(1)偏振微脉冲激光雷达对沙尘天气的探测能够区分沙尘暴和浮尘沙尘天气现象;(2)在沙漠近地面发生沙尘暴时段,各高度层沙尘浓度基本上较高,退偏比在0.3~0.4,而在地面发生浮尘开始时段,在4 500 m以上高度沙尘浓度基本上较高,退偏比在0.3~0.4,而在地面发生浮尘开始和结束时段,在4 500 m以下高度沙尘浓度相对较低,退偏比在0.2~0.3左右;(3)沙漠近地面发生沙尘天气时,高空沙尘浓度也较高且来源于周边,高空较高浓度沙尘的持续时间长于近地面。 相似文献
2.
沙尘暴影响下北京沙尘气溶胶的垂直分布及溯源分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用云-大气气溶胶激光雷达红外探索卫星观测系统(Cloud-Aerosol Lidarand Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations,CALIPSO)资料,得出了2013年3月8-11日的一次途经新疆、甘肃、内蒙古等地的沙尘暴,对造成北京的沙尘天气影响下的沙尘气溶胶的空间垂直分布图。在此基础上研究了衰减后向散射系数、退偏振比、色比等光学特性参数。结果表明:在此次沙尘暴影响下造成的北京地区沙尘天气过程中,气溶胶的退偏振比在0.1~0.4之间,色比大于0.3。3月10-11日北京地区的沙尘气溶胶分布高度从3km以下被抬升至约4km。再利用欧拉-拉格朗日混合单粒子轨道模型(Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model)和NAAPS全球气溶胶模式,模拟分析了这次沙尘的来源和传输过程,表明此次沙尘起源于南疆盆地和内蒙古中西部,影响甘肃大部、内蒙古中西部、宁夏、山西北部和河北西北部、北京等地区。并用双波长迭代反演法初步反演了3月10、11日北京地区处于沙尘天气情况下的气溶胶光学厚度,分别为0.334和0.621。 相似文献
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宁夏典型沙尘天气条件下气溶胶分布特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《高原气象》2015,(4)
利用2006-2010年期间云—大气气溶胶激光雷达红外探索卫星(CALIPSO)星载激光雷达(CALIOP)数据和宁夏地区常规气象观测资料,分析研究了典型沙尘天气条件下宁夏地区大气气溶胶光学性质的分布特征。结果表明:CALIPSO资料能有效地反映宁夏地区沙尘气溶胶相关特性的垂直分布特征。在沙尘天气下,处于贺兰山背风坡海拔较高区域的沙尘可以被抬升到对流层中层以上,近地层大气中主要以粗粒子为主,不规则的非球形气溶胶随着高度的增加而增加,高层大气中以波长比在0.4~2.0之间的粗粒子为主、退偏比在0.4以上的不规则非球形气溶胶在7 km、10 km左右高度出现极大值,这与沙尘天气下湿度垂直分布廓线相一致。在晴空天气条件下,退偏比均在0.2以下,波长比主要在0.2~0.4之间,且两者出现频率随高度的变化较小。在沙尘天气下宁夏地区气溶胶光学厚度主要分布在0.60~2.00之间,晴空天气下主要分布在0.33~0.43之间。 相似文献
4.
气溶胶类型的准确识别是进一步研究其气候与环境效应的重要前提。基于兰州大学半干旱气候与环境观测站2009年10月至2012年11月地基双波长偏振激光雷达观测资料，分别在清洁天、人为污染物、沙尘事件和强沙尘暴事件4种典型情形下挑选若干个例，对其气溶胶消光系数、体积线性退偏比、气溶胶退偏比等进行统计分析，明确不同气溶胶类型的判定阈值。结果表明：清洁天该区域气溶胶消光系数小于0.085 km-1。在消光系数大于该阈值的污染情形下，人为污染物的体积线性退偏比小于0.07，相应的气溶胶退偏比小于0.09；污染沙尘的体积线性退偏比介于0.07和0.22之间，气溶胶退偏比为0.09～0.31；纯沙尘的体积线性退偏比大于0.22，气溶胶退偏比大于0.31。当出现强沙尘暴时，体积线性退偏比大于0.35，气溶胶退偏比大于0.49。 相似文献
5.
利用离散偶极子近似法,数值计算分析了随机取向旋转椭球体沙尘气溶胶粒子在尺度参数为0.1~23时（波长0.55 μm对应有效半径为0.01~2 μm）的激光雷达线退偏比特性,通过比较其不同旋转椭球体轴半径比下的差别,研究了粒子非球形性程度对单分散和多分散沙尘气溶胶激光雷达线退偏比特性的影响.单分散旋转椭球体沙尘气溶胶的激光雷达线退偏比对粒子的轴半径比和尺度参数有很强的依赖性;对于长旋转椭球体,沙尘激光雷达线退偏比较小值出现在瑞利散射区,而较大的值出现在米散射区;对于扁旋转椭球体,在米散射区较大沙尘粒子也可以产生较小的激光雷达线退偏比,例如,轴半径比为1/16,尺度参数为3时的沙尘激光雷达线退偏比仅为0.1%.就随机取向旋转椭球体沙尘粒子而言,对于单分散系,仅当尺度参数小于0.5时,非球形特征越明显,其激光雷达线退偏比越大;而对多分散系,非球形特征越明显,其激光雷达线退偏比越大. 相似文献
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2018年3月27-28日,内蒙古中东部、中国东北地区、华北等地出现一次大范围沙尘天气。28日凌晨,沙尘进入北京,受此影响北京出现了严重的污染天气。本文利用中国气象局地面常规观测资料、气溶胶激光雷达、风廓线雷达资料、生态环境部大气成分等资料分析了北京沙尘天气前后边界层特征、沙尘来源以及沙尘天气前后大气污染特征。结果表明：此次沙尘天气期间,北京沙尘气溶胶退偏振比约为0.25-0.40,退偏振比数据显示此次沙尘首先从高空进入北京,比地面提前6 h。此次影响北京的沙尘主要来自于北路,东路沙尘有一定补充;沙尘影响时段,北京Ca、Fe、Na、K、Mn等元素浓度显著升高,与该物质地壳丰度相当,污染物元素Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、As等浓度有所降低,丰度远大于该物质在地壳中丰度。 相似文献
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中国科学院大气物理研究所研制了一台双波长偏振激光雷达,在格尔木市气象局进行了为期一年的不连续观测。本文选择了其中一天的观测个例,分别从雷达硬件结构、数据类型、数据处理方法等方面进行了系统的介绍和分析。结果表明,此次观测个例中,卷云位于地表以上4.7 km~7 km处,光学厚度均小于0.1,532 nm和1064 nm上的平均激光雷达比分别为24.3 Sr(激光雷达比)和29.9 Sr,色比多集中在0.8~1之间,此外532 nm波长上的退偏比多集中在0.25~0.3之间。此雷达对高空卷云能进行有效探测,为下一步研究青藏高原地区卷云长期时空分布特征奠定基础。 相似文献
10.
《高原气象》2018,(5)
针对兰州大学半干旱气候与环境观测站在敦煌地区的沙尘气溶胶加强观测试验,选取2012年春季自然和污染沙尘两种典型天气个例,利用激光雷达退偏观测的优势分离粗(沙尘)、细(背景气溶胶)粒子,反演并对比分析了沙尘气溶胶消光系数及质量浓度的垂直分布特征。研究发现,以4月26日为代表的自然沙尘,粒子退偏比垂直廓线均大于30%,质量浓度呈现单峰结构,1.5 km出现最大值(1 070μg·m~(-3));以4月6日为代表的污染沙尘,有明显的气溶胶分层现象,粒子退偏比介于5%～20%,沙尘质量浓度介于2～45μg·m-3;由于局地污染的影响,污染沙尘的质量消光系数(0.79m~2·g~(-1))明显大于自然沙尘(0. 48 m~2·g~(-1))。因此,为了准确评估沙尘气溶胶的质量浓度,对沙尘天气进行分类,并利用粒子退偏比有效分离沙尘气溶胶尤为重要。 相似文献
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In this paper, characterization of cirrus clouds are made by using data from ground based polarization lidar and radiosonde measurements over Chung-Li (24.58°N, 121.10°E), Taiwan for a period of 1999–2006. During this period, the occurrence of cirrus clouds is about 37% of the total measurement nights over the lidar site. Analysis of the measurement gives the statistical characteristics about the macrophysical properties such as occurrence height, ambient temperature, and its geometrical thickness while the microphysical properties are interpreted in terms of extinction coefficient, optical depth, effective lidar ratio and depolarization ratio. The effective lidar ratio has been retrieved by using the simulation technique of backscattered lidar signals. The effect of multiple scattering has been taken into the account by a model calculation. Summer (Jun–Aug) shows the maximum appearances of cirrus due to its formation mechanism. It is shown that tropopause cirrus clouds may occur with a probability of about 24%. These clouds are usually optically thin and having laminar in structure with some cases resembling the characteristics similar to that of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs). The radiative properties of the cirrus clouds are also discussed in detail by the empirical equations with results show a positive feedback on any climate change. 相似文献
12.
Sungkyun Shin Detlef Müller Y. J. Kim Boyan Tatarov Dongho Shin Patric Seifert Young Min Noh 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences》2013,49(1):19-25
The linear particle depolarization ratios were retrieved from the observation with a multiwavelength Raman lidar at the Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Korea (35.11°N, 126.54°E). The measurements were carried out in spring (March to May) 2011. The transmission ratio measurements were performed to solve problems of the depolarization-dependent transmission at a receiver of the lidar and applied to correct the retrieved depolarization ratio of Asian dust at first time in Korea. The analyzed data from the GIST multiwavelength Raman lidar were classified into three categories according to the linear particle depolarization ratios, which are pure Asian dust on 21 March, the intermediate case which means Asian dust mixed with urban pollution on 13 May, and haze case on 10 April. The measured transmission ratios were applied to these cases respectively. We found that the transmission ratio is needed to be used to retrieve the accurate depolarization ratio of Asian dust and also would be useful to distinguish the mixed dust particles between intermediate case and haze. The particle depolarization ratios of pure Asian dust were approximately 0.25 at 532 nm and 0.14 at 532 nm for the intermediate case. The linear particle depolarization ratios of pure Asian dust observed with the GIST multiwavelength Raman lidar were compared to the linear particle depolarization ratios of Saharan dust observed in Morocco and Asian dust observed both in Japan and China. 相似文献
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Hongke Cai Yunfei Fu Quanliang Chen Xiao Feng Xin Tie Ranting Tao Kepiao Xu 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2017,31(3):576-585
A transition zone near cirrus lateral boundaries can be detected by CALIOP (cloud–aerosol lidar with orthogonal polarization). In the present study, for such transition zones over China, a number of optical properties, such as the backscatter coefficient and depolarization ratio, showed transitional characteristics between cirrus and clear sky. The stepped horizontal profile showed sharp changes in particle number and morphology between cirrus clouds and clear sky. The color ratio, however, was unable to show cirrus transition features because of the low signal-to-noise ratio. Typical ice particles presented a color ratio of 0.55–1.25 and a depolarization ratio of greater than 0.12, which were significantly higher than those of clear sky. Therefore, optical properties in transition took the form of stepwise horizontal profiles. The proportion of typical-featured particles also demonstrated a stepped horizontal profile similar to the optical characteristics, but the relationship between the proportion and the optical characteristics was not uniform in the cirrus clouds, transition zone, and clear sky. Therefore, the optical changes in the transition zone were caused by not only the change in particle concentration, but also the change in the particles themselves. The probability density distribution of the transition-zone widths showed a positive skewness distribution, and transition zones with widths of 3–5 km occurred most frequently. Overall, transition-zone width decreased with increasing temperature and increased with increasing vertical and horizontal wind speeds. This trend demonstrated independence with the direction of the vertical and horizontal winds. These observations implied that the transitional features were caused by material exchange, such as entrainment and turbulent transport, near the cirrus lateral boundaries, and by the phase transformation of particles, such as sublimation. 相似文献
14.
Sungkyun SHIN Young Min NOH Kwonho LEE Hanlim LEE Detlef MLLER Y.J.KIM Kwanchul KIM Dongho SHIN 《大气科学进展》2014,31(6):1417-1426
The vertical distribution of single scattering albedos （SSAs） of Asian dust mixed with pollutants was derived using the multi-wavelength Raman lidar observation system at Gwangju （35.10°N,126.53°E）.Vertical profiles of both backscatter and extinction coefficients for dust and non-dust aerosols were extracted from a mixed Asian dust plume using the depolarization ratio from lidar observations.Vertical profiles of backscatter and extinction coefficients of non-dust particles were input into an inversion algorithm to retrieve the SSAs of non-dust aerosols.Atmospheric aerosol layers at different heights had different light-absorbing characteristics.The SSAs of non-dust particles at each height varied with aerosol type,which was either urban/industrial pollutants from China transported over long distances at high altitude,or regional/local pollutants from the Korean peninsula.Taking advantage of independent profiles of SSAs of non-dust particles,vertical profiles of SSAs of Asian dust mixed with pollutants were estimated for the first time,with a new approach suggested in this study using an empirical determination of the SSA of pure dust.The SSAs of the Asian dust-pollutants mixture within the planetary boundary layer （PBL） were in the range 0.88-0.91,while the values above the PBL were in the range 0.76-0.87,with a very low mean value of 0.76 ± 0.05.The total mixed dust plume SSAs in each aerosol layer were integrated over height for comparison with results from the Aerosol Robotics Network （AERONET） measurements.Values of SSA retrieved from lidar observations of 0.92 ± 0.01 were in good agreement with the results from AERONET measurements. 相似文献
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A state-of-the art Rayleigh and Mie backscattering lidar was set up at Gadanki (13.5N, 79.2E) in the Tropics in India. Using this system, regular observations of upper tropospheric clouds, aerosols at stratospheric heights and atmospheric temperatures in the range from 30 to 80 km were made. In this paper, the data collected during the period of 1998–99 were selected for systematic investigation and presentation. The Mie scattering lidar system is capable of measuring the degree of depolarization in the laser backscattering. Several tropical cirrus cloud structures have been identified with low to moderate ice content. Occasionally, thin sub-visible cirrus clouds in the vicinity of the tropical tropopause have also been detected. The aerosol measurements in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere show low aerosol content with a vertical distribution up to 35 km altitude. Rayleigh-scattering lidar observations reveal that at the tropical site, temperature inversion occurs at mesospheric heights. Atmospheric waves have induced perturbations in the temperatures for several times at the upper stratospheric heights. A significant warming in the lower mesosphere associated with a consistent cooling in the upper stratospheric heights is observed particularly in the winter season during the events of sudden stratospheric warming (SSW). 相似文献
16.
CHEN Bin ZHANG Peng ZHANG Beidou JIA Rui ZHANG Zhijuan WANG Tianhe ZHOU Tian 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(6):1029-1040
In this paper, the methods to detect dust based on passive and active measurements from satellites have been summarized. These include the visible and infrared (VIR) method, thermal infrared (TIR) method, microwave polarized index (MPI) method, active lidar-based method, and combined lidar and infrared measurement (CLIM) method. The VIR method can identify dust during daytime. Using measurements at wavelengths of 8.5, 11.0, and 12.0 μm, the TIR method can distinguish dust from other types of aerosols and cloud, and identify the occurrence of dust over bright surfaces and during night. Since neither the VIR nor the TIR method can penetrate ice clouds, they cannot detect dust beneath ice clouds. The MPI method, however, can identify about 85% of the dust beneath ice clouds. Meanwhile, the active lidar-based method, which uses the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) data and five-dimensional probability distribution functions, can provide very high-resolution vertical profiles of dust aerosols. Nonetheless, as the signals from dense dust and thin clouds are similar in the CALIOP measurements, the lidar-based method may fail to distinguish between them, especially over dust source regions. To address this issue, the CLIM method was developed, which takes the advantages of both TIR measurements (to discriminate between ice cloud and dense dust layers) and lidar measurements (to detect thin dust and water cloud layers). The results obtained by using the new CLIM method show that the ratio of dust misclassification has been significantly reduced. Finally, a concept module for an integrated multi-satellites dust detection system was proposed to overcome some of the weaknesses inherent in the single-sensor dust detection. 相似文献
17.
Cirrus clouds related to transported dust layers were identified on 22 occasions with ground-based polarization lidar from December 2012 to February 2018 over Wuhan (30.5°N, 114.4°E), China. All the events occurred in spring and winter. Cirrus clouds were mostly located above 7.6 km on top of the aloft dust layers. In-cloud relative humidity with respect to ice (RHi) derived from water vapor Raman lidar as well as from ERA5 reanalysis data were used as criteria to determine the possible ice nucleation regimes. Corresponding to the two typical cases shown, the observed events can be classified into two categories: (1) category A (3 cases), in-cloud peak RHi ≥ 150%, indicating competition between heterogeneous nucleation and homogeneous nucleation; and (2) category B (19 cases), in-cloud peak RHi < 150%, revealing that only heterogeneous nucleation was involved. Heterogeneous nucleation generally took place during instances of cirrus cloud formation in the upper troposphere when advected dust particles were present. Although accompanying cloud-top temperatures ranged from –51.9°C to –30.4°C, dust-related heterogeneous nucleation contributed to primary ice nucleation in cirrus clouds by providing ice nucleating particle concentrations on the order of 10?3 L?1 to 102 L?1. Heterogeneous nucleation and subsequent crystal growth reduced the ambient RHi to be less than 150% by consuming water vapor and thus completely inhibited homogeneous nucleation. 相似文献
18.
Lidar methods for observing mineral dust aerosols are reviewed.These methods include Mie scattering lidars,polarization lidars,Raman scattering lidars,high-spectral-resolution lidars,and fluorescence lidars.Some of the lidar systems developed by the authors and the results of the observations and applications are introduced.The largest advantage of the lidar methods is that they can observe vertical distribution of aerosols continuously with high temporal and spatial resolutions.Networks of ground-based lidars provide useful data for understanding the distribution and movement of mineral dust and other aerosols.The lidar network data are actually used for validation and assimilation of dust transport models,which can evaluate emission,transport,and deposition of mineral dust.The lidar methods are also useful for measuring the optical characteristics of aerosols that are essential to assess the radiative effects of aerosols.Evolution of the lidar data analysis methods for aerosol characterization is also reviewed.Observations from space and ground-based networks are two important approaches with the lidar methods in the studies of the effects of mineral dust and other aerosols on climate and the environment.Directions of the researches with lidar methods in the near future are discussed. 相似文献
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Nobuo Sugimoto Yukari Hara Atsushi Shimizu Tomoaki Nishizawa Ichiro Matsui Masataka Nishikawa 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences》2013,49(1):27-39
The Asian dust events in 2008 (May 24–June 4 in 2008) and in 2009 (March 12–25, October 13–26, and December 15–28 in 2009) were analyzed with the lidar network observations, surface observations in China, Korea, Japan, and Mongolia, and with the chemical transport model CFORS. Transport of Asian dust and mixing of dust with air pollution aerosols were studied. The event of May 24 to June 4 in 2008 was a significant event unusually late in the spring dust season. The dust event of March 12–25, 2009 was an interesting example of elevated dust layer, and transport of dust from the elevated dust layer to the ground by the boundary layer activity was observed with the lidars and surface observations in Japan. The concentration of air pollution aerosols was relatively high during the dust event, and the results suggest that vertical structure as well as transport path is important for the mixing of dust and air pollution aerosols. The dust events in October and December 2009 were examples of dust events in autumn and winter. The online mode CFORS reproduced the observation data generally well, except for the event of May 24 to June 4 in 2008. The results of the fourdimensional variational assimilation of the lidar network data reproduced the dust concentration in Korea and Japan reasonably in that event. 相似文献