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1.
辽宁省近10年短期气候预测质量评估检验   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
李辑  金巍  赵连伟 《气象》2007,33(4):82-87
参考了现阶段国内外的短期气候预测质量评估办法,根据短期气候预测业务的发展需要,提出了一种新的短期气候预测质量评估办法,并对近10年(1994年以结果表明:新办法的指导思想、评分原理以及预报评分规则和标准等方面均优于来)辽宁省短期气候预测资料进行客观评定,把原办法的评定结论与之对比分析。原办法,更符合实际,客观性更强,突出了气候预测的趋势性,提高了异常事件趋势的预测能力,能更好地反映当前短期气候预测业务水平。在绝大多数情况下,新办法评定的月、季、年尺度气候预测质量较原办法有明显提高,其中,全年降水预测质量平均提高4%,平均气温预测质量平均提高9%,所以新办法客观地评定更有利于促进短期气候预测质量和服务水平的提高。  相似文献   

2.
王维桐  李福军 《辽宁气象》1998,(1):26-27,39
短期气候(旬、月、季、年)的预测是国际上的研究热点,也是中国气象局“九五”规划中的重中之重的科研课题。沈阳市气象局根据现有条件和设备,充分利用计算机快而准的优势,经过几年努力,研制出了“沈阳短期气候预测系统”微机服务软件。根据统计学原理和历史气候的概率分析及相似年分析,采用了7种方法对旬、月、季、年的温度和降水进行预测,该软件对提高短期气候预测的水平和为防灾减灾提供科学依据将起重要作用。本文对该系统做一简要介绍。  相似文献   

3.
我国短期气候预测技术进展   总被引:18,自引:6,他引:12       下载免费PDF全文
经过近60年的发展,我国短期气候预测技术和方法也有了长足进步。近年来,一些新的预报技术和机理认识不断应用于短期气候预测业务。ARGO海洋观测资料的使用大大提高了业务模式的预测技巧,新一代气候预测模式系统已经投入准业务化运行,研发了多种模式降尺度释用技术,多模式气候预测产品解释应用集成系统(MODES)和动力-统计结合的季节预测系统(FODAS)逐渐应用于业务中,大气季节内振荡(MJO)逐步在延伸期预报中得到应用。近年来,对全球海洋、北极海冰、欧亚积雪、南半球环流系统对东亚季风影响的新认识也不断引入到短期气候预测业务中。这些新技术和新认识的应用极大提高了我国短期气候预测的业务能力。  相似文献   

4.
我国近年来短期气候预测研究的若干进展   总被引:9,自引:4,他引:5  
回顾了近年来我国短期气候预测研究的若干进展,主要是在中国科学院大气物理研究所完成的以气候模式为基础的短期气候预测方面工作.第一个基于气候数值模式开展短期气候预测试验的是曾庆存等人,他们所采用的是IAP AGCM耦合一个热带太平洋环流模式(OGCM);1997年,基于耦合气候模式基础上的ENSO预测系统建立起来;同时开展了东亚区气候可预测性研究;利用气候变动的准两年信号提出了对模式预测结果进行有效修正的方案;为了考虑初始土壤湿度异常对夏季气候的影响,建立了气象变量和土壤湿度的经验关系;还系统地研究了1998年海面温度异常和大气春季异常对夏季气候(特别是发生于中国的大水)预测的影响.  相似文献   

5.
回顾了1958-1997年新疆短期气候预测研究取得的主要成果,包括:大气环流变化及其与新疆天气气候的关系;新疆冬、春季水旱以及北疆前冬冷暖长期天气过程的分析;北半球月平均加热场及其在长期天气预报中的应用;海气相互作用、地形影响、低频振荡过程以及在短期气修预测中的应用;新疆短期气候预测方法的应用研究等。  相似文献   

6.
短期气候预测的现状 问题与出路(一)   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
从方法论上分析了短期气候预测的现状、问题与出路。着重指出:基础理论研究的欠缺又不甚得法是短期气候预测准确率提高缓慢的原因;应当将数值预报的提法从初值问题改为演变问题,进一步提为反问题;统计学方法与动力学方法要相互借鉴,取长补短,融合发展。  相似文献   

7.
短期气候预测的现状 问题与出路(二)   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
从方法论上分析了短期气候预测的现状、问题与出路。着重指出:基础理论研究的欠缺又不甚得法是短期气候预测准确率提高缓慢的原因;应当将数值预报的提法从初值问题改为演变问题,进一步提为反问题;统计学方法与动力学方法要相互借鉴,取长补短,融合发展。  相似文献   

8.
顾节经  顾群 《山东气象》1997,17(3):54-56,59
本文提出了短期气候预测的基本时间单位应是年,这样可以与天为基本时间单位的天气预报进行对比分析;将天气预报中的某些思路和方法引进短期气候预测中来,如突出灾害性天气的预报思路,多种方法相配套的预报思路,以天气过程为主要预报对象的预报思路和用概率表示预测结果的方法等,要大大开阔知期气候预测的思路和方法。经沈阳地区的预测试验,证明是可行的。  相似文献   

9.
回顾了近年来在中国科学院大气物理研究所开展的有关短期气候预测研究的进展。第一个短期气候数值预测是曾庆存等利用一个耦合了热带太平洋海洋环流模式的全球大气环流模式作出的。1997年,一个基于海气耦合模式的ENSO预测系统,包括一个海洋初始化方案被建立起来,同时也开展了基于海温异常的东亚气候可预测性研究。利用气候变动的准两年信号,王会军等提出了一个可以显著改进模式预测准确率的模式结果修正方案。为了考虑土壤湿度的初始异常对夏季气候的影响,一个利用大气资料如温度、降水等经验地反演土壤湿度的方法也被建立起来。还通过一系列的数值试验研究了 1998年夏季大水发生当中海温异常和大气环流初始异常的作用。  相似文献   

10.
天津盛夏降水趋势与初夏华北高压的统计分析   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3  
根据初夏(6月)的天气气候演变,预测盛夏(7~8月)的短期气候趋势,一直是急需解决的难题。文章揭示了自1958年以来天津盛夏降水趋势与初夏时节临近地区上空的环流特征之间的统计关系。结果表明,初夏华北高压强时盛夏天津降水偏少,反之盛夏天津降水偏多,不仅逐年的对应关系显著,而且变化趋势相反,转折时期也一致。初步解释了20世纪70年代以前天津(华北)盛夏多雨和80年代至今天津(华北)少雨的物理原因。以此为主要根据建立了初夏对于盛夏天津降水的短期气候预测方法,1998~2003年连续6年预报正确。  相似文献   

11.
盛永宽 《气象》1995,21(6):3-8
描述了短期气候逐月降永预测系统的概念及其实现。首先讨论了把气候模式与人工神经网络结合起来开发一个气候预测支持系统的必要性和可能性。然后,给出了系统设计的框图,并对系统结构作了详细的讨论。最后,提出了有关预测结果分析和进一步完善的看法。  相似文献   

12.
我国短期气候预测的物理基础及其预测思路   总被引:10,自引:3,他引:7       下载免费PDF全文
短期气候预测依据大气科学原理,运用气候动力学、统计学等手段,在研究气候异常成因的基础上对未来气候趋势进行预测。虽然目前我国短期气候预测的水平还不高,但短期气候预测是国家经济发展和防灾减灾的迫切需求,提高预测准确率是气象科研和业务人员的重要任务。该文从海洋、积雪等外强迫信号及大气环流大尺度变动等大气内部特性等角度概述了短期气候预测的物理基础,简要回顾了近60年来我国短期气候预测的发展历程,并介绍了作者近十几年来研制短期气候预测客观统计学及统计与动力学相结合预测模型的主要思路。  相似文献   

13.
为了对长江中下游夏季降水进行短期气候预测,利用国家气候中心提供的74项环流指数和NOAA整编的西太平洋型WP指数、MEI指数、ENSO指数等多种全球环流指数资料,归纳整理了影响长江中下游夏季降水的34个前期春季因子,讨论了前期春季因子与夏季降水的关系,并利用这34个前期春季因子通过数据挖掘中的C4.5算法对1951—2013年(63 a)长江中下游夏季降水,建立判别降水偏多以及偏少的两类决策树预测模型,并分别得到5条和7条综合判别规则。随机选取80%左右历史年份数据作为模型的训练集,两模型的训练集准确率分别为94.12%和93.88%,剩余20%年份数据作为模型测试集,模型的测试预测准确率分别达91.67%和85.71%。模型预测应用也显示结果正确。模型研究和应用显示,基于C4.5算法的长江中下游夏季降水预测模型具有较高的预测准确率,模型构建合理有效,判别规则依据大数据理论,广泛考虑相关因子以及因子的排列组合,智能化选择关键因子,易于客观化、自动化实施,为长江流域汛期降水的短期气候预测提供了新的思路与方法。  相似文献   

14.
1999年中国夏季气候的预测和检验   总被引:35,自引:6,他引:29  
利用改进的中国科学院大气物理研究所短期气候预测系统(IAPPSSCA),结合IAPENSO预测系统所预测的1999年热带太平洋地区的海温异常,对1999年中国夏季气候进行了适时集合预测。预测结果表明:IAPPSSCA较好地预测出了1999年夏季北半球大尺度环流场的异常情况,并较好地预测出1999年中国南涝北旱的大范围降水形势。IAPPSSCA对长江下游的强降水中心、中国南方大部夏季多雨的特征以及中国北方大部的干旱少雨形势的预测,与实测较相符。但IAPPSSCA预测的南方大范围雨带的北界比实测的略为偏北,北方的小范围的降水正距平区域也没有能预报出来。另外,对于月平均降水距平的预测亦存在较大的不确定性。这说明我们的预测系统还有待于进一步的改进和完善。  相似文献   

15.
In terms of the modular fuzzy neural network (MFNN) combining fuzzy c-mean (FCM) cluster and single-layer neural network, a short-term climate prediction model is developed. It is found from modeling results that the MFNN model for short-term climate prediction has advantages of simple structure, no hidden layer and stable network parameters because of the assembling of sound functions of the selfadaptive learning, association and fuzzy information processing of fuzzy mathematics and neural network methods. The case computational results of Guangxi flood season (JJA) rainfall show that the mean absolute error (MAE) and mean relative error (MRE) of the prediction during 1998 2002 are 68.8 mm and 9.78%, and in comparison with the regression method, under the conditions of the same predictors and period they are 97.8 mm and 12.28% respectively. Furthermore, it is also found from the stability analysis of the modular model that the change of the prediction results of independent samples with training times in the stably convergent interval of the model is less than 1.3 mm. The obvious oscillation phenomenon of prediction results with training times, such as in the common back-propagation neural network (BPNN) model, does not occur, indicating a better practical application potential of the MFNN model.  相似文献   

16.
Recent Advances in Predictability Studies in China (1999-2002)   总被引:10,自引:2,他引:8  
Since the last International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) General Assembly (1999), the predictability studies in China have made further progress during the period of 1999-2002. Firstly, three predictability sub-problems in numerical weather and climate prediction are classified, which are concerned with the maximum predictability time, the maximum prediction error, and the maximum allowable initial error, and then they are reduced into three nonlinear optimization problems. Secondly, the concepts of the nonlinear singular vector (NSV) and conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP) are proposed,which have been utilized to study the predictability of numerical weather and climate prediction. The results suggest that the nonlinear characteristics of the motions of atmosphere and oceans can be revealedby NSV and CNOP. Thirdly, attention has also been paid to the relations between the predictability and spatial-temporal scale, and between the model predictability and the machine precision, of which the investigations disclose the importance of the spatial-temporal scale and machine precision in the study of predictability. Also the cell-to-cell mapping is adopted to analyze globally the predictability of climate,which could provide a new subject to the research workers. Furthermore, the predictability of the summer rainfall in China is investigated by using the method of correlation coefficients. The results demonstrate that the predictability of summer rainfall is different in different areas of China. Analysis of variance, which is one of the statistical methods applicable to the study of predictability, is also used to study the potential predictability of monthly mean temperature in China, of which the conclusion is that the monthly mean temperature over China is potentially predictable at a statistical significance level of 0.10. In addition,in the analysis of the predictability of the T106 objective analysis/forecasting field, the variance and the correlation coefficient are calculated to explore the distribution characteristics of the mean-square errors.Finally, the predictability of short-term climate prediction is investigated by using statistical methods or numerical simulation methods. It is demonstrated that the predictability of short-term climate in China depends not only on the region of China being investigated, but also on the time scale and the atmospheric internal dynamical process.  相似文献   

17.
INVESTIGATIONS ON SHORT-TERM CLIMATE PREDICTION BY GCMs IN CHINA   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
Investigations on the short-term climate predictions by general circulation models(GCMs)inChina have been summarized and reviewed in this paper.The research shows that GCMs have thecapability to predict the seasonal and annual characteristics of atmospheric circulation in theNorthern Hemisphere and the patterns of temperature and precipitation over China.It is inspiringto notice that the GCMs have the ability to predict the summer rainfall over China before twoseasons.Several issues for the short-term climate prediction by the GCMs have been discussed inthis paper.  相似文献   

18.
广西短期气候预测与气候灾害监测业务系统主要包括数据库管理、气候灾害监测、短期气候预测3个子系统,集气候资料管理、气候灾害监测、短期气候预测等气候综合业务于一体.  相似文献   

19.
李承宏  周佑云 《气象》2005,31(3):45-47
月降水量预测是短期气候预测的业务之一,提高预测质量对防灾抗灾具有重要意义。运用数理统计原理,在因子选择标准和在各种资料中提取因子方面作了些探索,月降水量预测质量有了较大提高。  相似文献   

20.
With the high-speed development of numerical weather prediction, since the later 1980’s, the prediction of short-range climate anomalies has attracted worldwide meteorologists’ attention. What the so called short-range re-fers to the time scale from one month to one season or more. In dealing with the problem of short-range climate pre-diction, two points are needed noticing: one is the basic research to explore or investigate the mechanism of variability of the slow varying components which mainly include internal dynamics of extratropics, external forcings and tropical dynamics, and the other is the modeling efforts to simulate the process of the long-term evolution of the signal which include the improvement of model quality, stochastic prediction and the air-sea-coupled model (Miyakoda et al.,1986). Previous researches on the numerical prediction of short-term climate anomalies are mostly concentrated in the analysis of variables with global spatial scale, especially the global general atmospheric circulation analysis.As to the simulation or prediction of regional short-term climate anomalies, there exist many difficulties and problems. Though some meteorologists are devoting themself to this field, up to now, they have not reached satisfac-tory results. As a primary effort, by using the 2-level general atmospheric circulation model developed in the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IAP-AGCM) (Zeng et al., 1989), and taking the year of 1985 as a case, a numerical simulation of regional short-term climate change is completed. We pay high attention to the predictand of anomalous summer rainfall in the Yangtze River and Yellow River valleys, especially its month-to-month variation.  相似文献   

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