共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
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1 城市边界层大气物理化学结构特征 初步获得了城市边界层大气动力结构:城市热岛和城市风场;城市建筑群零平面位移和粗糙度;城市雾分布特征及其动力、热力影响。城市尺度模拟研究获得了北京城郊地形对城市风场的影响,城市建筑对城市环流的影响,分析了北京西、北郊马蹄型山脉特征地形对城市风场日变化及对城市污染形成及其输送、堆积的可能机理,并绘制出有关分布图。 相似文献
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MM5模式中城市冠层参数化方案的设计及其数值试验 总被引：15，自引：5，他引：15
文中在综合国外一些较先进的中尺度模式城市作用参数化方案的基础上 ,从城市下垫面结构对城市边界层大气作用的物理机制及实际应用两方面出发 ,对城市下垫面结构和人为活动等因素对边界层结构的影响及中尺度模式中城市化作用的合理体现等问题进行了较全面的考虑 ,改进和设计出能够较全面、细致地描述城市结构对大气边界层动力、热力结构的影响 ,且适合中尺度模式结构特点的城市冠层参数化方案 (UCP) ,并实现了其与MM5模式的耦合。进行了耦合后的UCP方案及采用原城市作用方案的MM5模式对BECAPEX试验期间北京地区气象条件多重嵌套细尺度进行了模拟试验 ,并与观测结果对比 ,结果表明 :相比于MM 5模式中原有表示城市作用的参数化方案来讲 ,设计的UCP方案在很大程度上提高了MM 5模式对城市边界层热力和动力结构的模拟能力。 相似文献
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城市下垫面对河谷城市兰州冬季热岛效应及边界层结构的影响 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
利用中尺度数值模式WRF耦合单层城市冠层模块UCM,引入2005年MODIS土地利用类型资料,在对2005年1月25—28日兰州市热岛现象进行高分辨率数值模拟的基础上,设计了去除城市下垫面敏感性试验,探讨了城市下垫面对城市边界层的影响程度。结果表明,城市下垫面能使近地层大气温度升高而风速减小,并且,在夜间表现更明显。由城市热岛强度日变化分析可知,城市下垫面对兰州市热岛强度的贡献率为44%。夜间,城市上空200 m以下的近地层大气保持了白天的混合层特征,热岛环流的上升运动促进了山风环流,使得上升气流到达地面以上600 m左右;白天,由于山峰加热效应,城市上空400—600 m存在一个脱地逆温层,城市热岛环流使得11—15时（北京时）市区近地层出现弱上升气流,抑制了谷风环流的形成及发展。城市下垫面的低反照率特性和建筑物的多次反射作用导致城市下垫面的净辐射通量大于非城市下垫面;城市下垫面由于建筑材料的不透水性,导致潜热通量远小于感热通量,而储热项所占比重明显增大。 相似文献
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下垫面物理过程在一次北京地区强冰雹天气中的作用 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7
北京地区下垫面具有地形和城市边界层的双重性造成了天气变化的多样性.结合2005年5月31日发生的强冰雹天气个例,分析了下垫面物理过程在北京强对流天气中的作用.结果表明,山区的地形、城市边界层对雹云发生发展的不同阶段以至冰雹的落区、强度等都有相当大的影响.其中,此次降雹的初始回波是在西部山区地形的热力环流和动力强迫下局地触发的;城市下垫面热力作用形成的地面中尺度风场辐合线以及所造成的上升运动和能量、水汽的聚集,是对流回波在城市中心上空明显增强的主要原因;北部山区的喇叭口地形、西部山区的迎风坡抬升作用对局地强对流的发生、入境积云的发展亦有重要影响. 相似文献
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《气象科学进展》2014,(1)
2004年以来,北京地区开展了一系列城市气象观测试验,试验涉及城市边界层观测、城市暴雨适应性观测、复杂地形和城市局地环流观测、城市通量和能量平衡观测以及城市热环境观测。研究内容包括城市边界层结构、城市强降水可预报性、山谷风环流、海陆风环流、城市热岛环流、城市地表能量平衡、人为热估计和城市热岛时空分布特征等。通过观测试验,揭示了北京地区城乡边界层结构特征和差异、强降水条件下的边界层结构、城乡地表能量平衡特征以及京津冀地区复杂的局地性环流特征。在大城市强降水的可预报性上,利用适应性观测方法进行了尝试,取得了一些初步的成果。利用固定点加密观测结合流动观测的方法,获取了城市CBD的精细热岛分布。这些观测试验及其研究成果,对于研究复杂地形条件下的大城市和城市群的气象问题,具有很好的参考价值。 相似文献
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本文建立了一个采用地形坐标及高分辨率的行星边界层参数化方案的三维中尺度静力模式。模式中还采用能考虑边界上地形变化的开侧边界条件。利用该模式,本文研究了弱盛行风条件下的陆风以及平坦地形和斜坡地形下城市热岛和陆风的相互作用。结果表明:夜间下坡风的出现和消失都早于陆风;坡风增大了陆风强度,并延迟了陆风向海风的过渡。 结果还表明,城市对陆风的影响比坡风小。在陆风形成和发展阶段,城市主要起增大下垫面摩擦的动力作用;在陆风减弱和消亡阶段,城市热岛环流逐渐形成并增强,城市对周围风场主要起热力作用。另一方面,在盛行风,坡风和陆风的影响下,热岛环流的形成、发展、强度和辐合带轴线的方向等都会发生改变。 相似文献
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Numerical Study of Winter Urban Boundary Layer Structure over Beijing Area 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 
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下载免费PDF全文 1. Introduction The urban canopy layer (UCL) (Roth, 2000) is defined as a layer in the vertical structure of urban boundary layer (UBL) ranging from the surface to the top of buildings. The urban infrastructures within UCL, such as buildings with different heights, the het- erogeneity of urban land cover and the anthropogenic activity, all directly influence the thermal and dynam- ical structures of atmosphere and net radiation budget at the surface, meanwhile, affect the structure of ur- … 相似文献
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Based on some advanced urban parameterization schemes for mesoscale model,a new urban canopy parameterization (UCP) for MM5 is developed.The UCP takes into account the impacts of urban infrastructure and anthropogenic activity on the dynamic,thermal structures of urban surface layer and the urban surface energy budget in a more rational way according to conformation of MMS.The UCP is implemented in MM5 and validated by IOP data in 2001 winter BECAPEX and automatic meteorological station data in Beijing area.The results illustrate that UCP versus traditional urban parameterization in MM5,it can make MM5 reproduce main characteristics of winter UBL in Beijing,which include urban heat island and its diurnal evolvement,nocturnal elavated inversion in downtown area,and some dynamic stuctures such as TKE peak at the top of urban canopy,lower wind speed in urban surface layer and so on. 相似文献
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P. G. Mestayer P. Durand P. Augustin S. Bastin J. -M. Bonnefond B. Bénech B. Campistron A. Coppalle H. Delbarre B. Dousset P. Drobinski A. Druilhet E. Fréjafon C. S. B. Grimmond D. Groleau M. Irvine C. Kergomard S. Kermadi J. -P. Lagouarde A. Lemonsu F. Lohou N. Long V. Masson C. Moppert J. Noilhan B. Offerle T. R. Oke G. Pigeon V. Puygrenier S. Roberts J. -M. Rosant F. Sanïd J. Salmond M. Talbaut J. Voogt 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2005,114(2):315-365
The UBL/CLU (urban boundary layer/couche limite urbaine) observation and modelling campaign is a side-project of the regional photochemistry campaign ESCOMPTE. UBL/CLU focuses on the dynamics and thermodynamics of the urban boundary layer of Marseille, on the Mediterranean coast of France. The objective of UBL/CLU is to document the four-dimensional structure of the urban boundary layer and its relation to the heat and moisture exchanges between the urban canopy and the atmosphere during periods of low wind conditions, from June 4 to July 16, 2001. The project took advantage of the comprehensive observational set-up of the ESCOMPTE campaign over the Berre–Marseille area, especially the ground-based remote sensing, airborne measurements, and the intensive documentation of the regional meteorology. Additional instrumentation was installed as part of UBL/CLU. Analysis objectives focus on (i) validation of several energy balance computational schemes such as LUMPS, TEB and SM2-U, (ii) ground truth and urban canopy signatures suitable for the estimation of urban albedos and aerodynamic surface temperatures from satellite data, (iii) high resolution mapping of urban land cover, land-use and aerodynamic parameters used in UBL models, and (iv) testing the ability of high resolution atmospheric models to simulate the structure of the UBL during land and sea breezes, and the related transport and diffusion of pollutants over different districts of the city. This paper presents initial results from such analyses and details of the overall experimental set-up. 相似文献
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本文采用二维数值模式模拟了一个坡地上夜间边界层的发展过程。所得到的结果与1974—1976年在北京北部山区得到的观测资料做了比较。模拟出的夜间辐射逆温层的厚度和形状以及下坡风的廊线都与观测事实大致相符。模式进一步改进后似可做为解决中、小尺度复杂地形上夜间边界层演变的工具。 相似文献
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The vegetated urban canopy model (VUCM) is implemented in a meteorological model, the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS), for urban atmospheric modeling. The VUCM includes various urban physical processes such as in-canyon radiative transfer, turbulent energy exchanges, substrate heat conduction, and in-canyon momentum drag. The coupled model RAMS/VUCM is evaluated and then used to examine its impacts on the dynamic and thermodynamic structure of the urban boundary layer (UBL) in the Seoul metropolitan area. The spatial pattern of the nocturnal urban heat island (UHI) in Seoul is quite well simulated by the RAMS/VUCM. A statistical evaluation of 2-m air temperature reveals a significant improvement in model performance, especially in the nighttime. The RAMS/VUCM simulates the diurnal variations of surface energy balance fluxes realistically. This contributes to a reasonable UBL formation. A weakly unstable UBL is formed in the nighttime with UBL heights of about 100–200 m. When urban surfaces are represented in the RAMS using a land surface model of the Land Ecosystem-Atmosphere Feedback (LEAF), the RAMS/LEAF produces strong cold biases and thus fails to simulate UHI formation. This is due to the poor representation or absence of important urban physical processes in the RAMS/LEAF. This study implies that urban physical processes should be included in numerical models in order to reasonably simulate meteorology and air quality in urban areas and that the VUCM is one of the promising urban canopy models. 相似文献
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A Study of the Relationship between Air Pollutants and Inversion in the ABL over the City of Lanzhou
By analyzing the pollutant concentrations over the urban
area and over the rural area of the city of Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China,
the relationships between the daytime inversion intensity and the pollutant
concentration in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) are studied with the
consideration of wind speed and direction, potential temperature, specific
humidity profiles, pollutant concentration in the ABL, the surface
temperature, and global radiation on the ground. It was shown that the
daytime inversion is a key factor in controlling air pollution
concentration. A clear and positive feedback process between the daytime
inversion intensity and the air pollutants over the city was found through
the analysis of influences of climatic and environmental factors. The
mechanisms by which the terrain and air pollutants affect the formation of
the daytime inversion are discussed. The solar radiation as the essential
energy source to maintain the inversion is analyzed, as are various
out-forcing factors affecting the inversion and air pollutants. At last, a
physical frame of relationships of air pollution with daytime inversion and
the local and out-forcing factors over Lanzhou is built. 相似文献
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太阳能光伏屋顶的安装在一定程度上能缓解城市化带来的能源危机和城市热环境的破坏。将太阳能板的传热模型引入WRF模式的多层城市冠层方案中,选取了2017年7月21—27日一次典型的高温热浪天气过程,在线模拟太阳能屋顶两种安装形式（贴覆式和支架式）对城市热环境及能量平衡的影响。结果表明:（1）贴覆式太阳能屋顶可使白天2 m气温最多降低0.29°C,降温效果优于支架式屋顶,但夜间温度下降较小。支架式屋顶白天最大降温0.23°C,夜间降温效果明显,与普通屋顶相比,温度最多降低了0.60°C。（2）太阳能屋顶白天确实可以起到降温效果,抑制白天边界层的发展高度,降低边界层的厚度。（3）太阳能屋顶除了对城市气象的影响外,最重要的是它对能源的贡献。从结果来看,太阳能电池板产生的电能可以满足商业区54.5%的空调消耗。 相似文献
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The accurate determination of surface-layer turbulent fluxes over urban areas is critical to understanding urban boundary layer (UBL) evolution. In this study, a remote-sensing technique using a large aperture scintillometer (LAS) was investigated to estimate surface-layer turbulent fluxes over a highly heterogeneous urban area. The LAS system, with an optical path length of 2.1 km, was deployed in an urban area characterized by a complicated land-use mix (residential houses, water body, bare ground, etc.). The turbulent sensible heat (Q H) and momentum fluxes (τ) were estimated from the scintillation measurements obtained from the LAS system during the cold season. Three-dimensional LAS footprint modeling was introduced to identify the source areas ("footprint") of the estimated turbulent fluxes. The analysis results showed that the LAS-derived turbulent fluxes for the highly heterogeneous urban area revealed reasonable temporal variation during daytime on clear days, in comparison to the land-surface process-resolving numerical modeling. A series of sensitivity tests indicated that the overall uncertainty in the LAS-derived daytime Q H was within 20%-30% in terms of the influence of input parameters and the non-dimensional similarity function for the temperature structure function parameter, while the estimation errors in τ were less sensitive to the factors of influence, except aerodynamic roughness length. The 3D LAS footprint modeling characterized the source areas of the LAS-derived turbulent fluxes in the heterogeneous urban area, revealing that the representative spatial scales of the LAS system deployed with the 2.1 km optical path distance ranged from 0.2 to 2 km2 (a "micro-α scale"), depending on local meteorological conditions. 相似文献
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A numerical case study with a second-order turbulence closure model is proposed to study the role of urban canopy layer (UCL) for the formation of the nocturnal urban boundary layer (UBL). The turbulent diffusion coefficient was determined from an algebraic stress model. The concept of urban building surface area density is proposed to represent the UCL. Calculated results were also compared with field observation data. The height of the elevated inversion above an urban center was simulated and found to be approximately twice the average building height. The turbulent kinetic energy k, energy dissipation rate , and turbulence intensities u
2 and w
2 increase rapidly at the upwind edge of the urban area. The Reynolds stress uw displayed a nearly uniform profile inside the UBL, and the vertical sensible heat flux w had a negative value at the inversion base height. This indicates that the downward transport of sensible heat from the inversion base may play an important role in the formation of the nocturnal UBL. 相似文献