共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 115 毫秒
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膜基-气体吸收耦合分离混合气中CO2性能评价 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
在膜基-气体吸收耦合实验装置上,评价了疏水性PP(聚丙烯)微孔膜,活化MDEA(N-甲基二乙醇胺)溶液分离混合气中CO2传质性能,研究了气液流速、吸收剂和混合气的浓度等因素对总传质系数的影响,采用阻力层关联方程模型预测总传质系数Kov值.结果表明:活化MDEA溶液能提高总传质系数Kov值,模型的计算值和实验值符合较好. 相似文献
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任红伟 《南京气象学院学报》2009,(3):243-246
在膜接触器实验装置上,研究了一乙醇胺（ＭＥＡ）溶液捕集混合气中ＣＯ２的操作性能,考察了气液流速、吸收剂和混合气的浓度等因素对出口气相ＣＯ２摩尔分数ｙ（ＣＯ２）和总传质系数的影响,采用正交实验方法优化操作条件,确定最佳操作方案．结果表明：ｙ（ＣＯ２）随液速增大而减小,随气速增大而增大;总传质系数随流速增大而增大,气速的增大对总传质系数影响不明显;吸收剂浓度增大,混合气ＣＯ２浓度增大,总传质系数增大;正交试验得出最佳操作条件为液速７０ｍＬ·ｍｉｎ－１、气速０６Ｌ·ｍｉｎ－１、ＭＥＡ浓度２０ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１和ｙ（ＣＯ２）为１０％,此时总传质系数为２８６×１０－４ｍ·ｓ－１． 相似文献
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二氧化碳浓度增加对冬小麦生长发育影响的数值模拟 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
根据国内外小麦生长模拟研究成果,借鉴荷兰学者的模拟思路,从作物生长的主要生理过程人手,综合考虑气候变暖与大气中CO2浓度增加等因素对作物生长发育和产量形成的影响,修正了在一级生产水平下冬小麦生长模拟模式,使得模式能够对CO2浓度的变化做出相应的反应。经资料检验,在当前CO2浓度下,冬小麦总干重和穗干重的模拟平均相对误差小于10％,其它器官干重及叶面积指数的模拟也取得了较好的结果。运用改进后的模式模拟试验了未来气候变暖和CO2倍增对冬小麦生长发育的可能影响。 相似文献
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近地层O3和CO2浓度变化对冬小麦影响的数值模拟：Ⅱ模拟结果和分析 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
针对CO2和O3浓度变化对冬小麦影响,改进了农田生态系统碳氮生物化学模型(DNDC),并利用模型模拟了O3和CO2浓度变化对冬小麦生长发育和产量的影响,检验了模型的模拟效果.通过对原DNDC模型适用性的调整,使之适用于固城站,为进一步改进作物模型打下了可靠的基础.通过试验资料验证表明,模型较好地反映了O3和CO2浓度变化对冬小麦生长发育和产量形成的影响.通过敏感性分析得出,模型对温度变化反映灵敏;在CO2浓度倍增情况下,O3浓度变化对冬小麦的复合影响分析看出,一定浓度范围内,CO2可缓解O3对作物影响的负效应,O3对CO2带来的正效应有削弱作用. 相似文献
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影响青藏高原植被生理过程与大气CO2浓度及气候变化的相互作用 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
利用一陆面过程模式,初步模拟研究了青藏高原夏季风盛行期植被生理过程与大气CO2浓度及气候变化的相互作用。结果表明,气候以及大气CO2浓度变化对青藏高原地区的植被生理过程有较明显的影响,高温、高温和高CO2浓度将加强高原植被的光合作用和呼吸作用,有利于植被生长。高原植被也可通过生理过程,产生净CO2呼收,降低大气CO2含量,起到调整温室效应的作用,从而影响全球气候变化;当气温升高、大气CO2增加时,这种作用更加有效。青藏高原地区大气CO2浓度加倍,对高原地区气候的直接影响不明显。植被的存在也会影响区域气候变化,并可通过改变高原热源,进而影响高原及其周边地区气候变化。文中还归纳出了植被生理与气候相互作用的简单概念模型。 相似文献
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在试验研究的基础上,文中尝试利用数值模拟方法评估O3和CO2浓度变化对作物的影响.以农田生态系统碳氮生物化学模型(DNDC)为基础,对其中的作物子模型进行改进,加入O3对冬小麦光合作用和叶片生长影响的模拟,结合原模型中有关CO2对冬小麦光合作用影响的模拟,建立反映O3和CO2浓度变化对冬小麦生长发育和产量形成影响的作物模型.文章对DNDC模型进行了参数修正以适用于中国华北地区;文章参考前人的工作,引用了两种O3对作物光合作用影响的模拟方法进行比较,分别是O3对初始光利用率的影响和O3对叶片光合作用的直接影响;在此基础上,进一步考虑O3对冬小麦叶片生长的影响,根据试验资料,建立了O3对叶片生长影响系数. 相似文献
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土壤呼吸是陆地植被吸收的CO2返回大气的基本途径,土壤呼吸速度轻微变化也会引起大气中CO2浓度的明显改变,进而影响气候变化。陆面过程模式中更好地描述土壤呼吸过程对于预测未来气候变化是至关重要的。对于土壤呼吸的模拟研究,介绍了经验模型和以过程为基础的机理模型,以及国内外陆面过程模式中土壤呼吸的研究情况,并讨论了土壤呼吸模式中需要改进的问题。
相似文献
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影响青藏高原植被生理过程与大气C02浓度及气候变化的相互作用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用一陆面过程模式,初步模拟研究了青藏高原夏季风盛行期植被生理过程与大气CO2浓度及气候变化的相互作用.结果表明,气候以及大气CO2浓度变化对青藏高原地区的植被生理过程有较明显的影响,高温、高湿和高CO2浓度将加强高原植被的光合作用和呼吸作用,有利于植被生长.高原植被也可通过生理过程,产生净C02吸收,降低大气C02含量,起到调整温室效应的作用,从而影响全球气候变化;当气温升高、大气C02增加时,这种作用更加有效.青藏高原地区大气C02浓度加倍,对高原地区气候的直接影响不明显.植被的存在也会影响区域气候变化,并可通过改变高原热源,进而影响高原及其周边地区气候变化.文中还归纳出了植被生理与气候相互作用的简单概念模型. 相似文献
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Numerical Simulation Study on the Impacts of Tropospheric O_3 and CO_2 Concentration Changes on Winter Wheat. Part Ⅱ: Simulation Results and Analyses 
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下载免费PDF全文 With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization, the enrichment of tropospheric ozone and carbon dioxide concentration at striking rates has caused effects on biosphere, especially on crops. It is generally accepted that the increase of CO2 concentration will have obverse effects on plant productivity while ozone is reported as the air pollutant most damaging to agricultural crops and other plants. The Model of Carbon and Nitrogen Biogeochemistry in Agroecosystems (DNDC) was adapted to evaluate simultaneously impacts of climate change on winter wheat. Growth development and yield formation of winter wheat under different O3 and CO2 concentration conditions are simulated with the improved DNDC model whose structure has been described in another paper. Through adjusting the DNDC model applicability, winter wheat growth and development in Gucheng Station were simulated well in 1993 and 1999, which is in favor of modifying the model further. The model was validated against experiment observation, including development stage data, leaf area index, each organ biomass, and total aboveground biomass. Sensitivity tests demonstrated that the simulated results in development stage and biomass were sensitive to temperature change. The main conclusions of the paper are the following: 1) The growth and yield of winter wheat under CO2 concentration of 500 ppmv, 700 ppmv and the current ozone concentration are simulated respectively by the model. The results are well fitted with the observed data of OTCs experiments. The results show that increase of CO2 concentration may improve the growth of winter wheat and elevate the yield. 2) The growth and yield of winter wheat under O3 concentration of 50 ppbv, 100 ppbv, 200 ppbv and the based concentration CO2 are simulated respectively by the model. The simulated curves of stem, leaf, and spike organs growth as well as leaf area index are well accounted with the observed data. The results reveal that ozone has negative effects on the growth and yield of winter wheat. Ozone accelerates the process of leaf senescence and causes yield loss. Under very high ozone concentration, crops are damaged dramatically and even dead. 3) At last, by the model possible effects of air temperature change and combined effects of O3 and CO2 are estimated respectively. The results show that doubled CO2 concentration may alleviate negative effect of O3 on biomass and yield of winter wheat when ozone concentration is about 70-80 ppbv. The obverse effects of CO2 are less than the adverse effects of O3 when the concentration of ozone is up to 100 ppbv. Future work should determine whether it can be applied to other species by adjusting the values of related parameters, and whether the model can be adapted to predict ozone effects on crops in farmland environment. 相似文献
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Numerical Simulation Study on the Impacts of Tropospheric O3 and CO2 Concentration Changes on Winter Wheat. Part II: Simulation Results and Analyses 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization, the enrichment of tropospheric ozone and carbon dioxide concentration at striking rates has caused effects on biosphere, especially on crops. It is generally accepted that the increase of CO2 concentration will have obverse effects on plant productivity while ozone is reported as the air pollutant most damaging to agricultural crops and other plants. The Model of Carbon and Nitrogen Biogeochemistry in Agroecosystems (DNDC) was adapted to evaluate simultaneously impacts of climate change on winter wheat. Growth development and yield formation of winter wheat
under different O3 and CO2 concentration conditions are simulated with the improved DNDC model whose structure has been described in another paper. Through adjusting the DNDC model applicability, winter wheat growth and development in Gucheng Station were simulated well in 1993 and 1999, which is in favor of modifying the model further. The model was validated against experiment observation, including development stage data, leaf area index, each organ biomass, and total aboveground biomass. Sensitivity tests demonstrated that the simulated results in development stage and biomass were sensitive to temperature change. The main conclusions of the paper are the following: 1) The growth and yield of winter wheat under CO2 concentration of 500 ppmv, 700 ppmv and the current ozone concentration are simulated respectively by the model. The results are well fitted with the observed data of OTCs experiments. The results show that increase of CO2 concentration may improve the growth of winter wheat and elevate the yield. 2) The growth and yield of winter wheat under O3 concentration of 50 ppbv, 100 ppbv, 200 ppbv and the based concentration CO2 are simulated respectively by the model. The simulated curves of stem, leaf, and spike organs growth as well as leaf area index are well accounted with the observed data. The results reveal that ozone has negative e ects on the growth and yield of winter wheat. Ozone accelerates the process of leaf senescence and causes yield loss. Under very high ozone concentration, crops are damaged dramatically and even dead. 3) At last, by the model possible effects of air temperature change and combined effects of O3 and CO2 are estimated respectively. The results show that doubled CO2 concentration may alleviate negative effect of O3 on biomass and yield of winter wheat when ozone concentration is about 70-80 ppbv. The obverse effects of CO2 are less than the adverse effects of O3 when the concentration of ozone is up to 100 ppbv. Future work should determine whether it can be applied to other species by adjusting the values of related parameters, and whether the model can be adapted to predict ozone e ects on crops in farmland environment. 相似文献
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A box model to simulate mass transfer inside deep street canyons and with atmospheric flow above is introduced and discussed.
Two ideal deep street canyons with aspect ratios of 3 and 5 (the aspect ratio being the ratio between building height and
street width H/W) are considered. This range of aspect ratios, found in many densely populated historical centres in Mediterranean cities
as well as in other cities around the world, potentially creates high air pollutant concentration levels. Our model is based
on a combination of analytical solutions and computation fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations using carbon monoxide (CO) as a
tracer pollutant. The analytical part of the model is based on mass transfer velocity concepts while CFD simulations are used
both for a preliminary validation of the physical hypothesis underlying the model (steady-state simulations) and to evaluate
the concentration pattern with time (transient or wash-out simulations). Wash-out simulation curves were fitted by model curves,
and mass transfer velocities were evaluated through a best-fitting procedure. Upon introducing into the model the contribution
of traffic-produced turbulence, the modelled CO concentration levels became comparable with those obtained in real-world monitoring
campaigns. The mass transfer rate between the canyon and the above atmosphere was then expressed in terms of an overall mass
transfer velocity, which directly allows the evaluation of the mass transfer rate between the bottom volume of the canyon
(pedestrian level) with the above atmosphere. Overall mass transfer velocities are reported as a function of the operating
conditions studied (H/W = 3–5 and wind speeds = 2–8 ms−1). Finally, a simple expression is reported for determining pollutant concentrations at the pedestrian level based on the
overall mass transfer velocity defined. 相似文献
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Influences of Climate Change on the Uptake and Storage of Anthropogenic CO2 in the Global Ocean 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 A global ocean general circulation model, called LASG/IAP Climate system ocean model (LICOM), is employed to study the influence of climate change on the uptake and storage of anthropogenic CO 2 in the global ocean. Two simulations were made: the control run (RUN1) with the climatological daily mean forcing data, and the climate change run (RUN2) with the interannually varying daily mean forcing data from the NCEP (National Centers for Environmental Prediction) of the US. The results show that the simulated distributions and storages of anthropogenic dissolved inorganic carbon (anDIC) from both runs are consistent with the data-based results. Compared with the data-based results, the simulations generate higher anDIC concentrations in the upper layer and lower storage amount of anDIC between the subsurface and 1000-m depth, especially in RUN1. A comparison of the two runs shows that the interannually varying forcing can enhance the transport of main water masses, so the rate of interior transport of anDIC is increased. The higher transfer rate of anDIC in RUN2 decreases its high concentration in the upper layer and increases its storage amount below the subsurface, which leads to closer distributions of anDIC in RUN2 to the data-based results than in RUN1. The higher transfer rate in RUN2 also induces larger exchange flux than in RUN1. It is estimated that the global oceanic anthropogenic CO 2 uptake was 1.83 and 2.16 Pg C yr 1 in the two runs in 1995, respectively, and as of 1994, the global ocean contained 99 Pg C in RUN1 and 107 Pg C in RUN2 of anDIC, indicating that the model under the interannually varying forcing could take up 8.1% more anthropogenic carbon than the model under the climatological forcing. These values are within the range of other estimates based on observation and model simulation, while the estimates in RUN1 are near the low bound of other works. It is estimated that the variability of root mean square of the global air-sea anthropogenic carbon flux from the simulated monthly mean results of RUN2 with its seasonal cycle and long-term trend removed is 0.1 Pg C yr 1 . The most distinct anomalies appear to be in the tropical Pacific Ocean and the Southern Ocean. 相似文献
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Prediction Research of Climate Change Trends over North China in the Future 30 Years 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 LIU Yanxiang YAN Jinghui WU Tongwen GUO Yufu CHEN Lihu WANG Jianping 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2008,22(1):42-50
A simulation of climate change trends over North China in the past 50 years and future 30 years was performed with the actual greenhouse gas concentration and IPCC SRES B2 scenario concentration by IAP/LASG GOALS 4.0 （Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land system coupled model）, developed by the State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modelling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics （LASG）, Institute of Atmospheric Physics （IAP）, Chinese Academy of Sciences （CAS）. In order to validate the model, the modern climate during 1951-2000 was first simulated by the GOALS model with the actual greenhouse gas concentration, and the simulation results were compared with observed data. The simulation results basically reproduce the lower temperature from the 1960s to mid-1970s and the warming from the 1980s for the globe and Northern Hemisphere, and better the important cold （1950 1976） and warm （1977-2000） periods in the past 50 years over North China. The correlation coefficient is 0.34 between simulations and observations （significant at a more than 0.05 confidence level）. The range of winter temperature departures for North China is between those for the eastern and western China＇s Mainland. Meanwhile, the summer precipitation trend turning around the 1980s is also successfully simulated. The climate change trends in the future 30 years were simulated with the CO2 concentration under IPCC SRES-B2 emission scenario. The results show that, in the future 30 years, winter temperature will keep a warming trend in North China and increase by about 2.5~C relative to climate mean （1960-1990）. Meanwhile, summer precipitation will obviously increase in North China and decrease in South China, displaying a south-deficit-north-excessive pattern of precipitation. 相似文献
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本文采用高分辨率WRF-Chem模式模拟了2014年7月27日和8月24日发生于长三角地区的两次强度不同的深对流系统对污染气体CO的再分布作用,对比分析了模拟的两次深对流系统在CO垂直输送过程中的差异。通过与实际雷达回波的比较发现,两次模拟的深对流发生时间、回波强度等都与实际观测接近。8月24日深对流过程发生前的对流有效位能和0～6 km垂直风切变强度均高于7月27日个例,因此 8月24日深对流系统更不稳定,发展高度更高。从CO浓度垂直剖面、质量通量随高度的变化特征发现,7月27日的深对流系统最高可以将CO输送到14 km高度处,8月24日的深对流系统最高可以将CO输送到16 km高度处。对CO浓度的垂直通量散度平均垂直廓线分析看出,7月27的深对流系统主要将CO输送到12 km附近,导致7月27日个例对流层中层的CO浓度更高,8月24日的深对流系统主要将CO输送到15 km附近,导致8月24日个例对流层上层的CO浓度更高。对垂直通量求和的分析表明,8月24日的深对流系统每小时垂直输送的CO浓度是7月27的1.3倍,而考虑到8月24日的深对流系统持续时间更长,8月24日的深对流系统对CO的垂直输送作用远远大于7月24日的深对流系统的垂直输送作用。 相似文献