共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 234 毫秒
1.
近10年来，太平洋年代际振荡(PDo)因其对全球气候系统的深远影响而得到广泛的研究。PDo指的是在太平洋的气候变率中具有类似ENSo空间结构但周期为10-30年的一种振荡，当北太平洋中部海面温度异常增暖(冲却)时，热带太平洋中部和东部以及北美沿岸常同时伴随有同等幅度的异常冷却(增暖)。总体而言，有两类观点分别认为PDO起源于确定的海气耦合过程或起源于大气的随机强迫。确定性起源论强调，一个海气耦合系统内部的物理过程可以提供一个正反馈机制以增强一初始扰动，及一个负反馈机制以促使振荡位相发生逆转；海洋环流的动力演变过程决定了振荡的时间尺度。随机性起源论则强调，因为大气活动没有一个特定的时间尺度，其时间尺度谱实际上对应于白噪音谱，所以大气对海洋的强迫是随机的；而海洋常在低频谱段有最大的响应振幅，其对应的周期约为十几年或几十年。作试图系统性地理解PDO在观测、理论和数值方面的研究现状，从而为当前研究提供一个有用的背景性参考。 相似文献
2.
本文利用1958～2018年期间海表面温度（SST）异常和湍流热通量异常变化的关系,探讨了其与北太平洋年代际振荡（PDO）相关的年际和年代际时间尺度上在不同海域的海气相互作用特征。结果表明:在年际尺度上,黑潮—亲潮延伸区（KOE）表现为显著大气强迫海洋,赤道中东太平洋表现为显著海洋强迫大气;在年代际尺度上,PDO北中心表现为大气强迫海洋,加利福尼亚附近则表现为显著海洋强迫大气。进一步分析表明:加利福尼亚附近区域是北太平洋准12年振荡的关键区域之一,与PDO准十年的周期类似,加利福尼亚附近的冷（暖）海温对应其上有反气旋（气旋）型环流,赤道中太平洋海水上翻和北太平洋东部副热带区域经向风应力的变化是北太平洋准12年振荡的另外两个重要环节。 相似文献
3.
本文根据赤道东太平洋地区大气和海洋的环流特征,提出了一个局域纬向平均的海气耦合的振荡模式。分析表明,由于冷水涌升加大了海洋混合层的热惯性,“云—辐射—海温”反馈能激发出周期为三年左右的海气耦合振荡。在“天气噪声”的随机强迫下,系统具有与实测值符合得较好的功率谱分布。 相似文献
4.
热带太平洋线性海气耦合系统的主模与ENSO 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文利用包含海洋表面边界层、线性海洋大气动力学以及完整的关于不均匀气候态线性化SST预报方程的热带太平洋海气耦合模式， 在真实的气候背景态和参数域内，研究了海气耦合系统的特征值问题，确定了线性耦合系统主模的特征周期及其稳定性特征，进而揭示了主模和ENSO的关系。结果表明:准两年振荡是线性海气耦合系统中的最不稳定模态，且只有该模态类似于ENSO水平结构。因此，准两年振荡很可能是海气耦合系统固有的最根本性的振荡过程。本文也对准两年振荡的形成与年循环的关系以及它在ENSO时间尺度形成中的作用进行了讨论。 相似文献
5.
从简单海气耦合相互作用的非线性方程组出发,导出描述大气和海洋运动的无量纲准地转涡度方程．对准地转涡度方程引入双时间尺度后,在准共振条件Ｋ１＋Ｋ２＋Ｋ３ ＝０和ω１ ＋ω２ ＋ω３ ＝Δω下,求得大气和海洋波－波非线性相互作用的２组耦合方程,其中大气耦合方程中含有海洋强迫作用项．由这２个耦合方程组求得大气和海洋波动能量变化周期的近似解．结果表明：在考虑非线性效应的情况下,由波动共振引起的大气和海洋波动能量变化在中纬地区具有准２０ａ的周期,说明非线性效应对海气耦合也具有调制作用,从而确定准２０ａ气候年代际振荡形成的新机理． 相似文献
6.
海气相互作用与年代际气候振荡可能机制初探 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
从简单海气相互作用方程组出发，引进新的海洋对大气加热函数，得到简单海气相互作用方程组的解析解。解析解表明，海气相互作用可以产生不稳定耦合波，这种波的不稳定程度随海气相互作用系数和深海对海洋混合层的影响而不同，并且e-折时间尺度随海气相互作用系数出现极小值，这个极小值点对应的周期是最不稳定海气耦合波的周期；海气相互作用产生的最不稳定海气耦合波的周期在中纬度地区是18a，在低纬度是3．5a，在高纬度是35a，它可能是海气系统年代际振荡的机制之一。 相似文献
7.
利用1961—2012年华南逐日降水资料,分析了太平洋海温场两种不同时间尺度背景下华南前汛期持续性暴雨的统计特征,并探讨了海洋外强迫信号可能对华南前汛期降水的低频变化周期造成的影响,以期为华南前汛期持续性暴雨过程的延伸期预报提供依据。结果表明:PDO(Pacific Decadal Oscillation,太平洋年代际振荡)冷位相年,华南前汛期发生典型持续性暴雨过程的概率比PDO暖位相年大,且暴雨强度偏强,持续时间偏长;太平洋海温场两种不同时间尺度背景下,华南典型持续性暴雨过程呈现不同的特征,PDO冷位相配合冬春Nino区海温异常,华南前汛期易出现强度较强、持续时间较长的典型持续性暴雨过程;太平洋海温两种不同时间尺度的外强迫信号可能影响华南前汛期降水的低频变化周期,进而影响华南前汛期持续性暴雨的持续时间和强度。 相似文献
8.
9.
本文选用中国科学院大气物理研究所大气科学和地球流体力学数值模拟国家重点实验室(LASG/IAP)发展的全球海洋—大气—陆面气候系统模式(FGOALS)的4个版本g2.0、s2.0、g1.1和g1,利用模式的长时间积分结果,结合观测、再分析资料比较、评估模式对太平洋年代际变率的模拟能力,并通过对海气相互作用及其海洋动力过程分析,探讨了模式中太平洋年代际振荡形成机制.研究发现,FGOALS 模式g2.0和s2.0版本对太平洋年代际振荡(PDO/IPO)的模拟能力优于 g1.1和g1.模式中太平洋年代际变率的正反馈过程与Bjerknes(1969)提出的海气相互作用正反馈机制有关,其负反馈则主要与海洋内部动力过程有关.太平洋异常经向热量输送将热带与中纬度海洋联系在一起,可以抑制正反馈作用,但无法使得年代际振荡变化位相发生反转;FGOALS模式中,热带海表温度(SST)暖距平信号通过大气桥影响热带外大气环流,在海气作用下,热带与热带外海洋次表层分别以Kelvin 波和Rossby 波的形式传播,使得冷暖位相反转,4个版本均能再现这种负反馈机制.但不同版本Rossby波所处的纬度不同,太平洋SST异常年代际变化信号最明显的范围越宽,则由此激发的Rossby 波便更为偏北,纬度越高Rossby 波西传的时间也越长,PDO/IPO的周期与其SST异常的经向尺度密切相关. 相似文献
10.
基于CESM模式对1.5℃和2℃两种增暖情景的模拟结果,对比分析了太平洋年代际振荡（PDO）和北太平洋涡旋振荡（NPGO）在全球稳定增暖1.5℃和2℃时期与工业革命前、历史时期在强度和周期上的差异。结果表明：全球稳定增暖1.5℃和2℃时期,PDO和NPGO的强度均比历史时期弱,且主周期缩短,这可能与全球增暖情景下海洋层结增强导致的Rossby波变快有关。PDO的强度和周期在全球增暖1.5℃和2℃这两种情景下没有明显差异;而NPGO的强度在全球稳定增暖2℃时期比1.5℃时有明显减弱,且周期缩短1 a左右。因此,0.5℃升温差异对PDO的强度和周期影响较小,而对NPGO的强度和周期影响较大。 相似文献
11.
This study presents the spatial and temporal structures of the decadal variability of the Pacific from an extended control run of a coupled global climate model (GCM).The GCM used was version-g2.0 of the Flexible Global Ocean Atmosphere Land System (FGOALS-g2.0) developed at LASG/IAP.The GCM FGOALS-g2.0 re-produces similar spatial-temporal structures of sea surface temperature (SST) as observed in the Pacific decadal os-cillation (PDO) with a significant period of approximately 14 years.Correspondingly,the PDO signals were closely related to the decadal change both in the upper-ocean temperature anomalies and in the atmospheric circulation.The present results suggest that warm SST anomalies along the equator relax the trade winds,causing the SSTs to warm even more in the eastern equatorial Pacific,which is a positive feedback.Meanwhile,warm SST anomalies along the equator force characteristic off-equa-torial wind stress curl anomalies,inducing much more poleward transport of heat,which is a negative feedback.The upper-ocean meridional heat transport,which is asso-ciated with the PDO phase transition,links the equatorial to the off-equatorial Pacific Ocean,acting as a major mechanism responsible for the tropical Pacific decadal variations.Therefore,the positive and negative feedbacks working together eventually result in the decadal oscilla-tion in the Pacific. 相似文献
12.
The Impact of Global Warming on the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and the Possible Mechanism简 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The response of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation （PDO） to global warming according to the Fast Ocean Atmosphere Model （FOAM） and global warming comparison experiments of 11 IPCC AR4 models is investigated. The results show that North Pacific ocean decadal variability, its dominant mode （i.e., PDO）, and atmospheric decadal variability, have become weaker under global warming, but with PDO shifting to a higher frequency. The SST decadal variability reduction maximum is shown to be in the subpolar North Pacific Ocean and western North Pacific （PDO center）. The atmospheric decadal variability reduction maximum is over the PDO center. It was also found that oceanic baroclinic Rossby waves play a key role in PDO dynamics, especially those in the subpolar ocean. As the frequency of ocean buoyancy increases under a warmer climate, oceanic baroclinic Rossby waves become faster, and the increase in their speed ratio in the high latitudes is much larger than in the low latitudes. The faster baroclinic Rossby waves can cause the PDO to shift to a higher frequency, and North Pacific decadal variability and PDO to become weaker. 相似文献
13.
Interdecadal Change of the Northward Jump Time of the Western Pacific Subtropical High in Association with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 In this paper, the northward jump time of the western Pacific subtropical high(WPSH) is defined and analyzed on the interdecadal timescale. The results show that under global warming, significant interdecadal changes have occurred in the time of the WPSH northward jumps. From 1951 to 2012, the time of the first northward jump of WPSH has changed from "continuously early" to "continuously late", with the transition occurring in 1980. The time of the second northward jump of WPSH shows a similar change, with the transition occurring in 1978. In this study, we offer a new perspective by using the time of the northward jump of WPSH to explain the eastern China summer rainfall pattern change from "north-abundant-southbelow-average" to "south-abundant-north-below-average" at the end of the 1970 s. The interdecadal change in the time of the northward jump of WPSH corresponds not only with the summer rainfall pattern, but also with the Pacific decadal oscillation(PDO). The WPSH northward jump time corresponding to the cold(warm) phase of the PDO is early(late). Although the PDO and the El Nino–Southern Oscillation(ENSO)both greatly influence the time of the two northward jumps of WPSH, the PDO’s effect is noticed before the ENSO’s by approximately 1–2 months. After excluding the ENSO influence, we derive composite vertical atmospheric circulation for different phases of the PDO. The results show that during the cold(warm)phase of the PDO, the atmospheric circulations at 200, 500, and 850 h Pa all contribute to an earlier(later)northward jump of the WPSH. 相似文献
14.
The emerging need for extended climate prediction requires a consideration of the relative roles of climate change and low-frequency natural variability on decadal scale. Addressing this issue, this study has shown that the variability of the Indian monsoon rainfall (IMR) consists of three decadal scale oscillations and a nonlinear trend during 1901–2004. The space–time structures of the decadal oscillations are described. The IMR decadal oscillations are shown to be associated with Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), Atlantic tripole oscillation and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). The sea surface temperatures (SSTs) of the North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans are also resolved as nonlinear decadal oscillations. The SST AMO mode has high positive correlation with IMR while the SST tripole mode and SST PDO have negative correlation. The trend in IMR increases during the first half of the period and decreases during the second half. The IMR trend is modified when combined with the three decadal oscillations. 相似文献
15.
Interdecadal Variability of the East Asian Winter Monsoon and Its Possible Links to Global Climate Change 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 DING Yihui LIU Yanju LIANG Sujie MA Xiaoqing ZHANG Yingxian SI Dong LIANG Ping SONG Yafang ZHANG Jin 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(5):693-713
This paper presents a concise summary of the studies on interdecadal variability of the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) from three main perspectives. (1) The EAWM has been significantly affected by global climate change. Winter temperature in China has experienced three stages of variations from the beginning of the 1950s: a cold period (from the beginning of the 1950s to the early or mid 1980s), a warm period (from the early or mid 1980s to the early 2000s), and a hiatus period in recent 10 years (starting from 1998). The strength of the EAWM has also varied in three stages: a stronger winter monsoon period (1950 to 1986/87), a weaker period (1986/87 to 2004/05), and a strengthening period (from 2005). (2) Corresponding to the interdecadal variations of the EAWM, the East Asian atmospheric circulation, winter temperature of China, and the occurrence of cold waves over China have all exhibited coherent interdecadal variability. The upper-level zonal circulation was stronger, the mid-tropospheric trough over East Asia was deeper with stronger downdrafts behind the trough, and the Siberian high was stronger during the cold period than during the warm period. (3) The interdecadal variations of the EAWM seem closely related to major modes of variability in the atmospheric circulation and the Pacific sea surface temperature. When the Northern Hemisphere annular mode/Arctic Oscillation and the Pacific decadal oscillation were in negative (positive) phase, the EAWM was stronger (weaker), leading to colder (warmer) temperatures in China. In addition, the negative (positive) phase of the Atlantic multi decadal oscillation coincided with relatively cold (warm) temperatures and stronger (weaker) EAWMs. It is thus inferred that the interdecadal variations in the ocean may be one of the most important natural factors influencing long-term variability in the EAWM, although global warming may have also played a significant role in weakening the EAWM. 相似文献
16.
Results are first presented from an analysis of a global coupled climate model regarding changes in future mean and variability of south Asian monsoon precipitation due to increased atmospheric CO2 for doubled (2 × CO2) and quadrupled (4 × CO2) present-day amounts. Results from the coupled model show that, in agreement with previous studies, mean area-averaged south Asian monsoon precipitation increases with greater CO2 concentrations, as does the interannual variability. Mechanisms producing these changes are then examined in a series of AMIP2-style sensitivity experiments using the atmospheric model (taken from the coupled model) run with specified SSTs. Three sets of ensemble experiments are run with SST anomalies superimposed on the AMIP2 SSTs from 1979–97: (1) anomalously warm Indian Ocean SSTs, (2) anomalously warm Pacific Ocean SSTs, and (3) anomalously warm Indian and Pacific Ocean SSTs. Results from these experiments show that the greater mean monsoon precipitation is due to increased moisture source from the warmer Indian Ocean. Increased south Asian monsoon interannual variability is primarily due to warmer Pacific Ocean SSTs with enhanced evaporation variability, with the warmer Indian Ocean SSTs a contributing but secondary factor. That is, for a given interannual tropical Pacific SST fluctuation with warmer mean SSTs in the future climate, there is enhanced evaporation and precipitation variability that is communicated via the Walker Circulation in the atmosphere to the south Asian monsoon to increase interannual precipitation variability there. This enhanced monsoon variability occurs even with no change in interannual SST variability in the tropical Pacific. 相似文献
17.
中国降水准2年主振荡模态与全球500 hPa环流联系的年代际变化 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
用近51年(1951～2001年)观测资料,研究太平洋年代际振荡(PDO)冷暖位相中国降水量准2年主振荡型传播特征的差异,并讨论对应的全球500 hPa环流低频波列传播途径的变化及可能原因.同时提出年际振荡强度不稳定指数,讨论了中国降水和全球500 hPa高度准2年周期振荡(QBO)强度时间不稳定的空间分布.通过主振荡型分析(POP)发现,在PDO冷位相(1951～1976年),准2年时间尺度的中国降水POP1的主要活动区域在长江中游地区,对应的500 hPa低频场是大西洋欧亚波列(AEU)和西大西洋遥相关型(WA)以及南太平洋副热带波列(SSP);在PDO暖位相(1977～2001年),POP1的活动区域迅速北移并扩大到整个长江和淮河流域,对应的500 hPa低频场变为欧亚太平洋-南印度洋-南北大西洋波列(EUP-SI-SNA).因此,PDO冷暖位相中影响中国降水准2年主振荡模态的低频波列的传播途径和强度存在显著差异,PDO对中国降水量准2年主振荡型主要模态(POP1)及其伴随的全球500 hPa环流低频波列活动区域的时间变化有重要调制作用,与两个半球中纬度西风气流强度的年代际变化密切相关.由振荡强度时间变化指数分析表明,中国降水QBO强度不稳定区域位于长江中游、长江下游、浙江东部、广东东部、华北地区和青藏高原东北侧附近地区,这些地区降水QBO的强度随PDO位相转变而发生显著的年代际突变.对于全球500 hPa高度,其QBO强度不稳定区域在南太平洋中高纬度、副热带南北大西洋地区和亚洲、北太平洋、北美大陆中高纬度地区、北半球副热带西太平洋地区以及南北半球热带和副热带东太平洋地区,表现为对于赤道的非对称空间分布,特别是南北太平洋热带和副热带地区500hPa环流QBO强度在年代际时间尺度上呈现正负反向变化的空间结构,而且南北极附近地区的QBO强度在PDO暖位相显著增强,反映了全球大气环流QBO强度与PDO相互作用的空间特征. 相似文献
18.
The response of the North Pacific Decadal Variability to strong tropical volcanic eruptions 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
In this study, the effects of volcanic forcing on North Pacific climate variability, on interannual to decadal time scales, are examined using climate model simulations covering the last 600?years. The model used is the Bergen Climate Model, a fully coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation model. It is found that natural external forcings, such as tropical strong volcanic eruptions (SVEs) and variations in total solar irradiance, play an important role in regulating North Pacific Decadal Variability (NPDV). In response to tropical SVEs the lower stratospheric pole–to–equator temperature gradient is enhanced. The North polar vortex is strengthened, which forces a significant positive Arctic Oscillation. At the same time, dipole zonal wind anomalies associated with strong polar vortex propagate downward from the lower stratosphere. Through positive feedbacks in the troposphere, the surface westerly winds across the central North Pacific are significantly weakened, and positive sea level pressure anomalies are formed in the North Pacific. This anomalous surface circulation results in changes in the net heat fluxes and the oceanic advection across the North Pacific. As a result of this, warm water converges in the subtropical western North Pacific, where the surface waters in addition are heated by significantly reduced latent and sensible heat fluxes from the ocean. In the eastern and high–latitude North Pacific the ocean loses more heat, and large–scale decreases in sea surface temperatures are found. The overall response of this chain of events is that the North Pacific enters a negative phase of the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO), and this negative phase of the PDO is maintained for several years. It is thus concluded that the volcanic forcing plays a key role in the phasing of the PDO. The model results furthermore highlight the important role of troposphere–stratosphere coupling, tropical–extratropical teleconnections and extratropical ocean–atmosphere interactions for describing NPDV. 相似文献