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1.
利用 1981—2019 年 NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和观测降水资料,对山东5月降水多(少)雨年环流特征进行分型,分析前期海温影响大气环流进而影响降水的过程。结果表明:典型多(少)雨年,亚洲中高纬环流呈“-、+”(“+、-” )距平分布,盛行纬(经)向环流,东亚大槽偏弱(强)。前期冬春季黑潮区和热带印度洋海温是影响山东5月降水的关键外强迫因子,黑潮区海温偏暖(冷)时,其上空500 hPa高度场为明显正(负)距平,低层风场呈现异常反气旋(气旋),山东受异常东南风(偏西风)控制,加强(削弱)了水汽输送, 利于降水偏多(少)。热带印度洋偏暖年,山东地区 500 hPa高度场上表现为西低东高,低层处于异常反气旋后部的东南气流中,这与典型多雨年的环流特征基本一致,印度洋偏冷年对应环流特征与偏暖年大致相反。  相似文献   

2.
梅雨准双周振荡的年际变化及其前期强信号分析   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
利用1954—2005年中国740站逐日降水资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分析了江淮梅雨准双周振荡的年际变化,并讨论了异常年的海气背景特征。将滤波后的每个降水周期划分为8个位相,其中第3位相对应准双周降水正距平最大,而第7位相对应准双周降水负距平最大,在此基础上的诊断结果表明:1)振荡强弱偏差场,在梅雨降水偏多的第3位相,低层大气中类似Rossby波列从南海经日本海、鄂霍次克海和阿留申群岛延伸至阿拉斯加地区,其中南海上空的反气旋和日本上空的气旋相互配合,造成冷暖空气在江淮地区交汇,有利于准双周降水正距平的产生。在降水偏少的第7位相,波列位相基本反向,传播路径偏南。2)第3位相时高层环流显示,鄂霍次克海地区高度场正异常明显,和我国东北地区的负距平共同作用为梅雨降水提供了足够的干冷空气。第7位相分布相反。3)前期3月至同期的黑潮及其延伸区海表温度和梅雨的准双周振荡强强度之间呈很好的正相关关系。黑潮及其延伸区持续的正海温异常,通过影响西太平洋副热带高压的位置和强度的变化,进而增强梅雨降水的准双周振荡  相似文献   

3.
西太平洋暖池海温分布型及其与东亚大气环流的关系   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用海温资料和NCEP/NCAR 49 a再分析的高度场、风场资料,利用EOF、合成分析方法,研究了夏季暖池SSTA的时空演变,结果显示:夏季暖池SSTA具有整体一致性分布和南北区域的反对称分布两种空间分布型。根据这两种分布型划分了夏季暖池海温正、负异常年,分析了相应年份的风场环流特征,结果表明:SSTA为一致性分布时,暖异常年850 hPa暖池区上空有一反气旋偏差环流,副热带地区西风和低纬度地区东风都得到加强,200 hPa南亚上空为一反气旋偏差环流,沃克环流得到加强;冷异常年则相反。当SSTA为南北反对称分布时,北暖南冷年850 hPa暖池区上空为一反气旋偏差环流,15°N附近东风气流和赤道附近西风气流增强,200 hPa反气旋偏差环流中心移到东亚大陆上空,长江中下游地区为上升气流,降水明显增多,华北地区为下沉气流,降水减少;冷异常年则相反。  相似文献   

4.
2010年华南前汛期持续性降水异常与准双周振荡   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3  
利用中国台站逐日降水资料以及NCEP-DOE逐日再分析资料,分析了2010年华南汛期降水异常的低频特征及大气环流的影响。结果表明,2010年华南汛期降水异常呈显著的低频振荡特征,其中前汛期以10~20天振荡(准双周振荡)为主,后汛期以20~50天振荡(季节内振荡)为主。重点讨论了准双周尺度上前汛期持续性降水异常与中高纬和热带地区大气低频振荡的关系。中高纬地区的低频环流可通过Rossby波能量沿着低频遥相关波列的频散影响华南低频环流的变化。波活动通量分析显示,西西伯利亚作为Rossby波源,其波能量沿着横跨欧亚大陆的低频遥相关波列向我国东部地区频散,引起该地扰动加强,从而引起华南低频环流及垂直运动的变化进而造成华南降水的异常。热带东印度洋的准双周振荡是影响华南前汛期降水的另一低频来源。当赤道东印度洋对流旺盛(抑制),其上空为强上升(下沉)气流,低层辐合(辐散)高层辐散(辐合),而华南上空盛行下沉(上升)运动,不利于(有利于)华南降水。来自中高纬和低纬的低频信号的叠加并配合低频水汽输送共同影响了华南环流异常的低频变化,从而引起华南的低频降水异常,有利于华南持续性降水异常的发生。   相似文献   

5.
张耀存  卢新平 《气象科学》1998,18(2):150-155
本文利用9层菱形截断15波的全球大气环流谱模式(L9R15)研究了前期冬季和春季海温异常的关键区对我国长江中下游地区夏季降水的影响,数值试验结果表明,冬季赤道东太平洋和黑潮区海温异常及春季印度洋和黑潮区海温异常使得长江中下游地区的夏季降水明显增多,同时500hPa副热带高压和100hPa南亚高压增强,但从范围和强度上来看,冬季赤道东太平洋和黑潮区海温异常时我国西南至长江中下游地区一带的夏季降水异常比春季印度洋和黑潮区海温异常时更明显,由此证实了观测资料的分析结果。  相似文献   

6.
印度洋冬季海温异常对中国春季降水的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用1960 2004年NCEP/NCAR全球再分析资料和中国160个测站逐月降水观测资料,考虑赤道海温强迫和中高纬地区气候变化中大气环流的桥梁作用,首先对冬季印度洋海温距平场与同期北半球500 hPa位势高度距平场进行奇异值分解(SVD),然后分析印度洋海温异常对中国冬季及后期春季降水的影响。结果表明,印度洋冬季海温距平场第一奇异向量是全区一致的单极型分布形势,而且对中国春季降水的影响显著,特别是与长江中下游以北至华北地区、新疆等大片地区的春季降水呈显著正相关关系。当印度洋冬季海温距平场第一奇异向量处于正位相的时候,海温异常偏暖,此时对应的东亚地区上空西风急流减弱,日本海附近500 hPa位势高度出现正异常中心,使得东亚大槽偏东、偏弱,有助于低层偏南气流带来的水汽在长江中下游以北至华北地区形成水汽辐合,从而造成该地区春季降水偏多。因此,印度洋冬季海温距平场的第一奇异向量可以作为次年长江中下游以北至华北地区春季降水季节预报的一个前期预报因子。  相似文献   

7.
利用中国160站月降水资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料等,对比分析了在2009/2010年中部型El Ni?o和1997/1998年东部型El Ni?o背景下,黑潮及其延伸区海温异常对东北地区降水的影响。结果表明:东亚沿岸自南向北异常“反气旋-气旋-反气旋”环流的偏移是导致这两年东北夏季降水不同的关键。2010年这一异常环流型比1998年整体偏东偏北,使得太平洋副热带高压、中纬度西风槽以及东北亚阻塞形势也偏东偏北,造成冷暖空气交汇于东北南部,降水西南多而西北少;1998年异常气旋中心位于松-嫩流域,强烈的辐合上升运动配合偏强的水汽输送,降水表现为区域性增强。观测与数值试验结果表明两类El Ni?o事件中黑潮及其延伸区异常海温的差异是形成东亚沿岸异常环流位置偏移的主要原因:(1) 受2009/2010年中部型El Ni?o的异常下沉气流比1997/1998年偏北的影响,前者异常暖海温位于黑潮延伸区,后者位于黑潮区;(2)2010年夏季黑潮延伸区的异常暖海温通过加强Rossby波活动使得东亚高空西风急流北进东扩至日本以北,1998年黑潮区暖延伸区冷的海温分布使得急流偏南、偏弱,对应急流南北两侧的异常反气旋、气旋也随之偏北,东北亚阻塞随之偏北偏东。  相似文献   

8.
《热带气象学报》2017,(华南前汛)
利用中国台站逐日降水资料以及NCEP-DOE逐日再分析资料,分析了2010年华南汛期降水异常的低频特征及大气环流的影响。结果表明,2010年华南汛期降水异常呈显著的低频振荡特征,其中前汛期以10~20天振荡(准双周振荡)为主,后汛期以20~50天振荡(季节内振荡)为主。重点讨论了准双周尺度上前汛期持续性降水异常与中高纬和热带地区大气低频振荡的关系。中高纬地区的低频环流可通过Rossby波能量沿着低频遥相关波列的频散影响华南低频环流的变化。波活动通量分析显示,西西伯利亚作为Rossby波源,其波能量沿着横跨欧亚大陆的低频遥相关波列向我国东部地区频散,引起该地扰动加强,从而引起华南低频环流及垂直运动的变化进而造成华南降水的异常。热带东印度洋的准双周振荡是影响华南前汛期降水的另一低频来源。当赤道东印度洋对流旺盛(抑制),其上空为强上升(下沉)气流,低层辐合(辐散)高层辐散(辐合),而华南上空盛行下沉(上升)运动,不利于(有利于)华南降水。来自中高纬和低纬的低频信号的叠加并配合低频水汽输送共同影响了华南环流异常的低频变化,从而引起华南的低频降水异常,有利于华南持续性降水异常的发生。  相似文献   

9.
本文从大尺度大气环流和海温异常方面对2019年12月吉林省降水异常成因进行分析,并探究前期秋季日本附近关键区海温异常对吉林省12月降水异常的可能影响。结果表明:1981—2019年吉林省12月降水有明显增多的趋势,在降水年代际偏多的气候背景下,2019年12月吉林全省降水量为常年同期的227.5%,居1981年以来同期多雨雪第4位。前期秋季日本附近关键区海温异常偏暖是12月吉林省降水异常偏多的驱动条件之一,在前期海温异常偏暖年:鄂霍茨克海至日本上空为异常反气旋,阻塞高压活跃,贝加尔湖附近地区为负高度距平,东亚冬季风系统减弱,局地海温的异常升高使其上空的水汽含量增加,配合东亚冬季风异常为吉林省上空带来了充足的水汽;另一方面,由于中纬度45°N附近为西风距平,为东北地区带来冷空气,在槽前正涡度平流作用下,有上升运动,为降水提供了动力条件。在前期海温异常偏冷年:中国东北地区盛行西风,东亚冬季风偏强,中国东部沿海有北风异常,西伯利亚高压偏强,吉林省降水的水汽和动力条件不足,降水异常偏少。  相似文献   

10.
利用NCEP高度场、风场及OLR资料,分析了春季赤道东太平洋海温异常对东亚大气环流春夏季节演变的影响,结果表明春季赤道东太平洋海温偏暖年,南海-菲律附近出现异常反气旋,西太平洋副高偏强偏西(副高5月占据南海),南海季风爆发迟;而春季海温偏冷年,南海-菲律宾近出现异常气旋,西太平洋副高偏弱偏东(副高5月东移出南海),南海行风爆发早。数值试验腠季赤道东太平洋海温异常不仅对东亚大气环流春季季节变化有明显影响,而且此影响可持续到夏季。  相似文献   

11.
Based on the data of SST and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, the relationship is analyzed of spring SSTA in the Kuroshio region with summer precipitation in China, summer 500 hPa field and water vapor transport, using the methods of Morlet wave, correlation and composite analysis. The results show that annual and interdecadal change of spring SST in the Kuroshio region is distinct. Spring SST displays a significantly increasing trend and there exist different periodic oscillations in the Kuroshio region, with the 23-year periodic oscillation being the most obvious. Troughs and ridges in the mid- and higher- latitudes turn deeper in high Kuroshio SSTA years. At the same time, the western Pacific subtropical high strengthens and stretches westwards. As a result, the warm / wet air from the west of the subtropical high locates in the mid- and lower- reaches of the Yangtze River and south China and summer rainfall in the above regions increases accordingly. Composite anomalous water vapor flux fields indicate that the vapor transport from the South China Sea and western Pacific and the vapor from the north converge over the mid- and lower- reaches of the Yangtze River and south China, which results in the increase of the summer rainfall in the mid- and lower- reaches of the Yangtze River and south China. On the contrary, the summer rainfall in the mid- and lower- reaches of the Yangtze River and south China decreases correspondingly in low Kuroshio SSTA years.  相似文献   

12.
With the methods of REOF (Rotated Empirical Orthogonal Function), the summer precipitation from 43 stations over eastern China for the 1901 - 2000 period was examined. The results show that South China and Southwest China, the middle and lower reaches of Changjiang River, North China and the southwestern of Northeast China are the three main areas of summer rainfall anomaly. Furthermore, correlation analysis is used in three time series of three mostly summer rainfall modes and four seasonal Pacific SSTA (Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly), and the results suggest that the Pacific SSTA which notably causes the summer rainfall anomaly over eastern China are the SSTA of the preceding winter over Kuroshio region of Northwest Pacific, SSTA of the preceding spring in the eastern and central equatorial Pacific, and SSTA of the current summer in the central region of middle latitude. The relationship between summer precipitation over eastern China and SSTA of Pacific key regions was further verified by SVD (Singular Value Decomposition) analysis.The composite analysis was used to analyze the features of atmospheric general circulation in the years of positive and negative precipitation anomaly. Its results were used to serve as the base of numerical simulation analysis.  相似文献   

13.
With the methods of REOF (Rotated Empirical Orthogonal Function), the summer precipitation from 43 stations over eastern China for the 1901 - 2000 period was examined. The results show that South China and Southwest China, the middle and lower reaches of Changjiang River, North China and the southwestern of Northeast China are the three main areas of summer rainfall anomaly. Furthermore, correlation analysis is used in three time series of three mostly summer rainfall modes and four seasonal Pacific SSTA (Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly), and the results suggest that the Pacific SSTA which notably causes the summer rainfall anomaly over eastern China are the SSTA of the preceding winter over Kuroshio region of Northwest Pacific, SSTA of the preceding spring in the eastern and central equatorial Pacific, and SSTA of the current summer in the central region of middle latitude. The relationship between summer precipitation over eastern China and SSTA of Pacific key regions was further verified by SVD (Singular Value Decomposition) analysis.The composite analysis was used to analyze the features of atmospheric general circulation in the years of positive and negative precipitation anomaly. Its results were used to serve as the base of numerical simulation analysis.  相似文献   

14.
Based on an observational analysis, seven numerical experiments are designed to study the impacts of Pacific SSTA on summer precipitation over eastern China and relevant physical mechanism by NCAR CCM3. The numerical simulation results show that preceding winter SSTA in the Kuroshio region leads to summer precipitation anomaly over the Yangtze River valleys by modifying atmospheric general circulation over eastern Asia and middle-high latitude. West Pacific subtropical high is notably affected by preceding spring SSTA over the middle and east of Equator Pacific; SSTA of the central region of middle latitude in the corresponding period causes the summer rainfall anomaly over eastern China so as to trigger the atmospheric Eurasia-Pacific teleconnection pattern.  相似文献   

15.
冬季黑潮区SST异常和东亚夏季风的相关研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
通过EOF分析确定冬季黑潮区SST的主要分布形势,然后用SVD方法揭示了东亚夏季风异常与冬季黑潮区SST异常的最佳耦合模态。结果发现,冬季黑潮区SST全区变化较一致,表现为均匀的冷暖分布,当黑潮区SST冷异常时,后期夏季热带季风槽增强,梅雨锋减弱,热带季风环流圈加强;东亚夏季风中的西南气流盛行,东南气流的强度增强但范围减小,北风减弱。暖异常时则相反。  相似文献   

16.
东海黑潮区潜热变化对中国春季降水的影响及其影响过程   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
本文利用美国NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、哈德来(Hadley)中心海温数据、国家气候中心的观测站降水和客观分析海气通量(OAFlux)潜热感热通量资料,研究了1960~2010年春季黑潮区潜热输送对中国春季降水的影响及其影响过程。本文以黑潮流经的中国东部海域及邻近海域为研究对象,该区域是黑潮的主体区域,在文中简称为东海黑潮区。对中国东海以及邻近海域海温与降水的分析表明,在夏季该区域可能以大气强迫海洋为主,而在春冬两季可能主要为海洋强迫大气为主,秋季则可能为不明显的海气相互作用。在春季西北太平洋区域中感热和潜热都对黑潮流经的区域有比较好的敏感性,黑潮流经区域感热和潜热的气候平均值分别约为30 W m-2与120 W m-2;春季的感热通量标准差大值区主要集中在日本以西区域,潜热通量标准差主要集中在中国东海区域与日本东南区域(即东海黑潮区域)。春季潜热EOF第一模态的主要变化就集中在东海黑潮流域。相关分析与合成分析的结果表明,当黑潮潜热指数为正时,华南地区春季降水偏多,长江以北地区偏少,反之亦然。在物理过程分析中,黑潮潜热指数大于0.8时,长江以南的中国大陆有比较强盛的异常北风,使得水汽无法输送到更北的地区,导致在华南地区水汽的积累,并且在海面出现有利于降水的垂直运动异常延伸到大陆上,使华南地区降水增多,而长江以北的东部地区由于水汽输送偏弱,导致水汽积累偏少,从而降水减少。当黑潮指数小于-0.8时,有较强盛的异常南风,有利于水汽输送到北方地区,水汽在华北地区积累,导致长江以北出现降水正异常,而华南地区由于南风偏强,水汽输送加强,导致水汽无法在此区域积累,并且出现不利于降水的垂直运动异常,从而导致降水偏少。  相似文献   

17.
马音  陈文  冯瑞权 《大气科学》2012,36(2):397-410
基于我国160站59年(1951~2009年)的月降水观测资料、美国气象环境预报中心和国家大气研究中心(NCEP/NCAR)提供的再分析资料和Hadley中心的海表温度(Sea Surface Temperature,简称SST)资料,对我国东部(100°E以东,15°N~40°N)梅雨期(6月和7月)降水的时空变化特...  相似文献   

18.
江苏夏季降水特征及其与太平洋海温的关系   总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1  
利用江苏省13个代表站41 a(1960-2000年)的夏季降水资料及 NCEP/NCAR月平均再分析资料,运用合成和相关分析方法考察了江苏夏季旱涝年环流特征以及夏季降水异常与太平洋海温的关系.结果表明:江苏夏季降水存在明显年际变化;江苏夏季涝(旱)年500 hPa东亚及西太平洋地区从低纬到中高纬呈"正负正"("负正负")的高度距平分布;江苏夏季降水与东亚夏季风指数反相关;江苏夏季降水的偏多(少)通常与前冬北太平洋海温偏暖(冷)有关.春季赤道东太平洋海温偏暖(冷),夏季降水偏多(少).  相似文献   

19.
Based on an observational analysis, seven numerical experiments are designed to study the impacts of Pacific SSTA on summer precipitation over eastem China and relevant physical mechanism by NCAR CCM3. The numerical simulation results show that preceding winter SSTA in the Kuroshio region leads to summer precipitation anomaly over the Yangtze River valleys by modifying atmospheric general circulation over eastern Asia and middle-high latitude. West Pacific subtropical high is notably affected by preceding spring SSTA over the middle and east of Equator Pacific; SSTA of the central region of middle latitude in the corresponding period causes the summer rainfall anomaly over eastern China so as to trigger the atmospheric Eurasia-Pacific teleconnection pattern.  相似文献   

20.
Using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, the China rainfall data of the China Meteorological Administration, and the sea surface temperature (SST) data of NOAA from 1951-2000, the features of the anomalous longitudinal position of the subtropical high in the western Pacific (SHWP) in the pre-rainy season in South China and associated circulation and precipitation are studied. Furthermore, the relationship between SHWP and SST and the eastern Asian winter monsoon is also investigated. Associated with the anomalous longitudinal position of SHWP in the pre-rainy season in South China, the flow patterns in both the middle and lower latitudes are different. The circulation anomalies greatly influence the precipitation in the pre-rainy season in South China. When the SHWP is in a west position (WP), the South China quasi-stationary front is stronger with more abundant precipitation there. However, when the SHWP is in an east position (EP), a weaker front appears with a shortage of precipitation there. There exists a good relationship between the longitudinal position of SHWP and SST in the tropical region. A negative correlation can be found both in the central and eastern tropical Pacific and the Indian Ocean.This means that the higher (lower) SST there corresponds to a west (east) position of SHWP. This close relationship can be found even in the preceding autumn and winter. A positive correlation appears in the western and northern Pacific and large correlation coefficient values also occur in the preceding autumn and winter. A stronger eastern Asian winter monsoon will give rise to cooler SSTs in the Kuroshio and the South China Sea regions and it corresponds to negative SST anomaly (SSTA) in the central and eastern Pacific and positive SSTA in the western Pacific in winter and the following spring. The whole tropical SSTA pattern, that is, positive (negative) SSTA in the central and eastern Pacific and negative (positive) SSTA in the western Pacific, is favorable to the WP (EP) of SHWP.  相似文献   

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