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1.
本文利用1951年~1999年冬季海温场(SST)再分析资料,分析得到20世纪70年代中期太平洋年代际振荡(PDO)由负(冷)位相转为正(暖)位相,发生了显著的年代际变化。SVD分析冬季北太平洋SST与亚洲地表温度(SAT)的结果表明,PDO的年代际变化对亚洲SAT北部的增暖有显著的影响。这种影响主要是通过海气间的相互作用间接对亚洲SAT产生作用。当PDO模态进入暖位相的时候,北半球SLP场主要表现出强阿留申低压,弱西伯利亚高压和中低纬气压加强的特征,SLP场的这种变化有利于中纬度西风带的加强,使得亚洲北部大部分区域冬季增暖明显。  相似文献   

2.
利用NCEP/NCAR提供的再分析资料和NOAA提供的海温资料分析太平洋年代际振荡(Pacific Decadal Oscillation,PDO)不同位相的年代际背景下北半球海气耦合关系的异常与风暴轴协同变化的联系,主要结果如下:1)冬季太平洋年代际振荡与北半球两大洋风暴轴协同变化之间存在显著的相关关系,当PDO暖位相时,对应两大洋风暴轴南北位置反向的异常变化,其中北太平洋风暴轴偏南且中东部减弱,北大西洋风暴轴偏北且中东部增强,PDO冷位相时相反。2)PDO为暖位相时,对应El Niňo型海温异常,北大西洋海温呈三极型,平均槽脊加强,经向环流增强,极涡收缩,北太平洋风暴轴南压,大西洋风暴轴则北抬,此时欧亚大陆北部和北美大陆大部分地区温度异常升高,亚洲南部、非洲北部及巴伦支海以北的高纬温度异常降低,北美西南部和格陵兰岛附近温度也为异常降低,PDO冷位相时相反。  相似文献   

3.
陈红 《大气科学》2019,43(4):783-795
利用第五次耦合模式比较计划(CMIP5)40个模式的模拟资料和分类集合的方法,评估了耦合模式对20世纪太平洋年代际振荡(PDO)特征的模拟能力。结果表明,CMIP5多数模式对PDO周期有着较好的刻画能力,能模拟出PDO的年代际变化周期。模式对PDO模态空间特征的模拟能力存在较大差异,小部分模式模拟效果较差。进一步的分析表明,对PDO模态模拟较好的第1类模式,能较好地再现热带太平洋与北太平洋海表温度异常(SSTA)年代际变化间的关系,而且热带太平洋SSTA通过大气遥相关影响北太平样海表温度的过程也模拟的较成功。对PDO模态模拟差的模式,不能合理模拟出热带太平洋SSTA对北太平洋海表温度影响的遥相关过程。以上研究也证实了热带太平洋地区海表温度的年代际变率对北太平洋海表温度年代际变率的重要影响,热带太平洋SSTA对北太平洋SSTA的影响是通过大气遥相关实现的。利用CMIP5中等排放情景模拟结果,分析了第1类模式预估的北太平洋年代际变率的特征,发现21世纪北太平洋年代际变率的主要模态为一致的正异常分布且呈现明显的上升趋势,第二模态则表现为类似于20世纪典型PDO的马蹄型SSTA分布。  相似文献   

4.
北太平洋海温年代际变化与大气环流和气候的异常   总被引:19,自引:3,他引:16  
对应北太平洋海表温度(SST)年代际变化的两个基本模态,即25~35年模和7~10年模,分析研究了北半球大气环流和气候异常的形势.其结果极为清楚地表明,对应北太平洋SST的年代际模的正、负位相,大气环流和气候异常的形势都近乎相反,充分说明SST年代际模的重要作用;由于北太平洋SST的两个年代际模有十分相近的水平结构特征,它们对大气环流和气候的影响也有十分相似的特征;北太平洋海温年代际模对大气环流的影响在中高纬度地区呈正压结构特征,而在热带地区的响应主要有斜压结构特征.  相似文献   

5.
利用我国160个测站1951—2013年冬季月平均气温资料和1951—2016年间冬季太平洋年代际振荡(PDO:Pacific Decadal Oscillation)指数资料,分析了两者在年际和年代际时间尺度上的相关关系,探讨了PDO对我国冬季气温影响的可能物理过程。结果发现:PDO与我国冬季气温年际变化不显著;在冬季期间,PDO对我国气温的影响是滞后的;PDO与我国冬季气温年代际变化存在密切关系,当PDO处于年代际正(负)位相时,我国气温普遍偏高(低);PDO年代际分量对我国的影响机制为:当PDO指数位于年代际正(负)位相时段,海平面气压场上西伯利亚高压减弱(增强),500 hPa高度场东亚大槽强度减弱(增强),200 hPa纬向风场东亚北支急流减弱(增强),这些都有利于我国冬季气温偏高(低)。  相似文献   

6.
黄艳艳  王会军 《气象学报》2020,78(2):177-186
太平洋年代际振荡(PDO)是北太平洋海表温度年代际变率的主模态。由于太平洋年代际振荡对区域乃至全球气候的显著影响,其合理的预测结果可以带来多方面收益。然而,针对太平洋年代际振荡及其有关的海表温度的年代际预测,目前气候模式的预测水平还十分有限,因此,提出了一个新的增量方法。一系列的验证结果表明,增量方法可以有效预测太平洋年代际振荡,其中包括成功预测出其振荡的年代际转折。增量方法的预测过程主要包括3个步骤:(1)采用5 a滑动平均得到太平洋年代际振荡的年代际变率;(2)利用3 a增量形式的预测因子构建预测模型,预测3 a增量的太平洋年代际振荡(DI_PDO);(3)将预测得到的DI_PDO加上3 a前的观测PDO,得到最后预测的PDO。增量方法亦可以应用到气候系统年代际内部变率的其他模态(如:北大西洋年代际振荡)和其他气候变量的年代际预测(如:海表温度)。   相似文献   

7.
我国华南3月份降水年代际变化的特征   总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3  
利用1951~2005年华南3月份降水资料、太平洋年代际振荡(PDO)指数以及NCEP再分析资料,对华南3月份降水年代际变化特征、及其对应的大尺度环流以及与PDO的关系进行了分析。结果表明,华南3月份降水存在显著的年代际变化特征,并且Mann-Kendal突变检验表明华南3月份降水在1978年左右发生年代际突变,从之前的降水偏少转变为降水偏多。我国华南3月份降水与PDO有着显著的相关。进一步研究表明,在年代际降水偏少时期,PDO处于负位相(北太平洋海温偏高,中东太平洋海温偏低),北太平洋海平面气压场和高度场偏高,亚洲大陆海平面气压场和高度场偏低,赤道西太平洋到赤道东印度洋附近的海平面气压场偏低,赤道辐合带附近地区的高度场偏低,东亚对流层大气偏暖,西太平洋副热带高压偏东,东亚高空急流偏北,东亚Hadley环流偏弱。在年代际降水偏多时期,PDO处于正位相,情况则与降水偏少时期相反。  相似文献   

8.
邓伟涛  孙照渤  曾刚 《大气科学》2009,33(4):835-846
采用中国160站降水资料、NOAA ERSST海温资料以及ERA-40大气再分析资料, 分析了中国东部夏季降水型的年代际变化特征及其与北太平洋海温的可能联系。结果表明: 中国东部夏季降水型在近50年中经历了两次年代际变化, 第1次发生在20世纪70年代中后期, 北太平洋中纬度地区冬季海温由正距平向负距平转变, 太平洋年代际振荡(PDO, Pacific decadal oscillation) 由负位相向正位相转变, 通过影响东亚夏季风环流, 使东亚夏季风减弱, 中国东部夏季降水从北到南呈现出“+-+” 转变为“-+-”的三极分布形态, 这次年代际变化体现了同一模态正负位相的转变; 第2次发生在20世纪80年代末90年代初, 北太平洋海温转变为日本以南西北太平洋的正距平分布, 同时菲律宾群岛附近海温偏暖, 西太平洋副热带高压偏南偏西, 使得中国东部夏季降水由北至南转变成“-+”的偶极分布形态, 这次年代际变化体现了一种模态向另一种模态的转变。  相似文献   

9.
PDO对西北太平洋热带气旋活动与大尺度环流关系的影响   总被引:9,自引:4,他引:5  
何鹏程  江静 《气象科学》2011,31(3):266-273
利用NCEP再分析资料和上海台风研究所整编的热带气旋资料,研究了在太平洋年代际振荡(PDO)冷暖位相中西北太平洋热带气旋频数与太平洋海表温度(SST)年际相关的分布差异,以及500 hPa高度场对热带气旋频数和生成源地的影响.结果表明,在PDO冷位相时期,热带气旋频数与赤道东太平洋SST存在显著相关,副热带高压位置偏东...  相似文献   

10.
使用分类集合的方法评估了第五次耦合模式比较计划(CMIP5)多个耦合模式对中国东部夏季降水年代际变化的模拟性能.结果表明,在评估的38个模式中,仅有6个模式(第1类模式)可以成功再现1970年代末中国东部夏季降水年代际变化的主要特征,即长江流域降水偏多、而华北和华南偏少.这些模式模拟的成功归因于它们能较好再现1970年代末东亚夏季风的年代际减弱及相关的环流场的变化,包括东亚沿海的偏北风异常以及西太平洋副热带高压的偏向西南、强度增强等.而对降水年代际变化模拟很差的第2类模式,则模拟出不出东亚夏季风的这种减弱特征.进一步的分析表明,两类CMIP5模式对太平洋年代际振荡(PDO)空间分布特征都有较好的再现能力,但对PDO年代际转变特征的模拟能力则差异较大.第1类模式能很好地模拟出1970年代末热带海洋的增暖和相关的PDO位相由负到正的转换,而第2类模式所模拟的PDO位相转变与观测完全相反,且也不能模拟出热带中东太平洋海洋的年代际增暖及江淮流域夏季的变冷,因此导致该类模式对1970年代末东亚夏季风的减弱和中国东部夏季雨型的年代际转变没有模拟能力.由此也表明,对耦合模式来说,中国夏季降水年代际变化的模拟能力在很大程度上取决于模式对海洋年代际变化信号的模拟.  相似文献   

11.
This paper focuses on the relationship between the phase transition of the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) and decadal variation of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) in the twentieth century. The first transition occurred in the 1940s, with an enhanced SST in the North Pacific and reduced SST in the tropical eastern Pacific and South Indian Ocean. In agreement with these SST changes, a higher SLP was found in most parts of the Pacific, while a lower SLP was found in the North Pacific and most parts of the Indian Ocean. In this case, the EASM was largely enhanced with a southerly anomaly in the lower troposphere along the east coast of China. Correspondingly, there was less rainfall in the Yangtze River valley and more rainfall in northern and southern China. An opposite change was found when the PDO reversed its phase in the late 1970s. In the tropical Indian Ocean and western Pacific, however, the SST was enhanced in both the 1940s and 1970s. As a result, the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) tended to extend westward with a larger magnitude in the 1970s. The major features were reasonably reproduced by an atmospheric general circulation model (IAP AGCM4.0) prescribed with observed SST and sea ice. On the other hand, the westward extension of the WPSH was exaggerated in the 1970s, while it was underestimated in the 1940s. Besides, the spatial pattern of the simulated summer rainfall in eastern China tended to shift southward compared with the observation.  相似文献   

12.
基于多套全球海温再分析数据和2种线性趋势分析方法,评估了1958-2014年中国近海海表温度(SST)的变化及其对全球气候变化的响应特征,并与全球平均地表温度特别是与若干重要海区的SST做了比较。研究表明:在全球变暖的显著加速期(1980年代和1990年代),中国近海区域年平均SST表现出更快速的升温特征,其速率达0.60℃/10a,是同期全球平均升温速率的5倍以上;在变暖暂缓期(1998-2014年),中国近海SST出现显著的下降趋势。研究还表明,中国近海区域SST的年代际变化与太平洋年代际涛动(PDO)的位相转换一致,前者SST的快速上升(下降)期与PDO正(负)位相最大值的时期相对应,PDO可能是通过东亚季风和黑潮影响中国近海SST的年代际变化。  相似文献   

13.
This study presents the spatial and temporal structures of the decadal variability of the Pacific from an extended control run of a coupled global climate model (GCM).The GCM used was version-g2.0 of the Flexible Global Ocean Atmosphere Land System (FGOALS-g2.0) developed at LASG/IAP.The GCM FGOALS-g2.0 re-produces similar spatial-temporal structures of sea surface temperature (SST) as observed in the Pacific decadal os-cillation (PDO) with a significant period of approximately 14 years.Correspondingly,the PDO signals were closely related to the decadal change both in the upper-ocean temperature anomalies and in the atmospheric circulation.The present results suggest that warm SST anomalies along the equator relax the trade winds,causing the SSTs to warm even more in the eastern equatorial Pacific,which is a positive feedback.Meanwhile,warm SST anomalies along the equator force characteristic off-equa-torial wind stress curl anomalies,inducing much more poleward transport of heat,which is a negative feedback.The upper-ocean meridional heat transport,which is asso-ciated with the PDO phase transition,links the equatorial to the off-equatorial Pacific Ocean,acting as a major mechanism responsible for the tropical Pacific decadal variations.Therefore,the positive and negative feedbacks working together eventually result in the decadal oscilla-tion in the Pacific.  相似文献   

14.
The emerging need for extended climate prediction requires a consideration of the relative roles of climate change and low-frequency natural variability on decadal scale. Addressing this issue, this study has shown that the variability of the Indian monsoon rainfall (IMR) consists of three decadal scale oscillations and a nonlinear trend during 1901–2004. The space–time structures of the decadal oscillations are described. The IMR decadal oscillations are shown to be associated with Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), Atlantic tripole oscillation and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). The sea surface temperatures (SSTs) of the North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans are also resolved as nonlinear decadal oscillations. The SST AMO mode has high positive correlation with IMR while the SST tripole mode and SST PDO have negative correlation. The trend in IMR increases during the first half of the period and decreases during the second half. The IMR trend is modified when combined with the three decadal oscillations.  相似文献   

15.
In this paper, it is pointed out that a notable decadal shift of, the summer climate in eastern China occurred in the late 1980s. In association with this decadal climate shift, after the late 1980s more precipitation appeared in the southern region of eastern China (namely South China), the western Pacific subtropical high stretched farther westward with a larger south-north extent, and a strengthened anticyclone at 850 hPa appeared in the northwestern Pacific. The decadal climate shift of the summer precipitation in South China was accompanied with decadal changes of the Eurasian snow cover in boreal spring and sea surface temperature (SST) in western North Pacific in boreal summer in the late 1980s. After the late 1980s, the spring Eurasian snow cover apparently became less and the summer SST in western North Pacific increased obviously, which were well correlated with the increase of the South China precipitation. The physical processes are also investigated on how the summer precipitation in China was affected by the spring Eurasian snow cover and summer SST in western North Pacific. The change of the spring Eurasian snow cover could excite a wave-train in higher latitudes, which lasted from spring to summer. Because of the wave-train, an abnormal high appeared over North China and a weak depression over South China, leading to more precipitation in South China. The increase of the summer SST in the western North Pacific reduced the land-sea thermal contrast and thus weakened the East Asian summer monsoon, also leading to more precipitation in South China.  相似文献   

16.
The tropical storm day(TSD)is a combined measure of genesis and lifespan.It reflects tropical cyclone(TC)overall activity,yet its variability has rarely been studied,especially globally.Here we show that the global total TSDs exhibit pronounced interannual(3-6 years)and decadal(10 years)variations over the past five-to-six decades without a significant trend.The leading modes of the interannual and decadal variability of global TSD feature similar patterns in the western Pacific and Atlantic,but different patterns in the Eastern Pacific and the Southern Indian Ocean.The interannual and decadal leading modes are primarily linked to El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)and Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO),respectively.The TSDs-ENSO relationship has been steady during the entire 55-year period,but the TSDs-PDO relationship has experienced a breakdown in the 1980 s.We find that the decadal variation of TSD in the Pacific is associated with the PDO sea surface temperature(SST)anomalies in the tropical eastern Pacific(PDO-E),while that in the Atlantic and the Indian Ocean is associated with the PDO SST anomalies in the western Pacific(PDO-W).However,the PDO-E and PDO-W SST anomalies are poorly coupled in the 1980 s,and this"destructive PDO"pattern results in a breakdown of the TSDs-PDO relationship.The results here have an important implication for seasonal to decadal predictions of global TSD.  相似文献   

17.
指出了中国东部夏季气候在20世纪80年代末出现了一次明显的年代际气候转型.伴随着这次年代际转型,80年代末以后中国东部南方地区降水明显增多,500 hPa西太平洋副热带高压西伸且南北范围变大,西北太平洋上空850 hPa反气旋增强.中国东部夏季80年代后期出现南方多雨的年代际转型与欧亚大陆春季积雪、西北太平洋夏季海面温度的年代际变化存在密切联系,它们也都在80年代末出现年代际转型.从80年代末以后,伴随着欧亚大陆春季积雪明显减少和西北太平洋夏季海面温度明显增高,中国夏季南方降水明显增加.文中分析了欧亚大陆春季积雪和西北太平洋夏季海面温度影响中国降水的物理过程,指出欧亚大陆春季积雪能够在500 hPa激发出大气中的遥相关波列,所激发出的波列可以从春季一直持续到夏季,造成中国北方为高压控制,南方为微弱低压控制,使得降水出现在中国南方.西北太平洋夏季海面温度的升高能够减小海陆热力差异,使得夏季风减弱,导致中国南方地区降水增多.  相似文献   

18.
The spatial variation of sea surface temperature anomalies(SSTA) in the North Pacific Ocean during winter is investigated using the EOF decomposition method.The first two main modes of SSTA are associated with Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO) mode and North Pacific Gyre Oscillation(NPGO) mode,respectively.Moreover,the first mode(PDO) is switched to the second mode(NPGO),a dominant mode after mid-1980.The mechanism of the modes’ transition is analyzed.As the two oceanic modes are forced by the Aleutian Low(AL) and North Pacific Oscillation(NPO) modes,the AR-1 model is further used to examine the possible effect and mechanism of AL and NPO in generating the PDO and NPGO.The results show that compared to the NPO,the AL plays a more important role in generating the NPGO mode since the 1970s.Likewise,both the AL and NPO affect the PDO mode since the 1980s.  相似文献   

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