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1.
对流层准两年周期振荡的研究进展   总被引:14,自引:3,他引:11  
通过对气候标准值从1961~1990年改为1971~2000年后ENSO指数的变化分析,确定了新指数的ENSO事件定义指标和强度划分指标,重新定义了1951~2003年的ENSO事件及事件强度,并对新旧指数定义的ENSO事件的长度、峰值、强度等进行了分析比较。  相似文献   

2.
一种综合监测两类不同分布类型ENSO事件指标的研究   总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5  
针对1950—2009年的东部型(EP)和中部型(CP)ENSO事件,比较了目前国际上常用的ENSO监测指数对它们的监测能力。结果表明:单一的指数无法同时区分EP和CP型ENSO事件,其中Ni o 3指数只能有效识别EP型ENSO事件,而Ni o 4指数则对CP型事件具有较强的监测能力。据此提出同时以Ni o 3和Ni o 4指数构建指数组的形式来监测不同类型的ENSO事件,结果表明,该指标组能够较全面监测历史上发生的不同分布类型ENSO事件,且能准确判定事件的峰值强度、起止时间和成熟期等其他特征。  相似文献   

3.
基于1948—2018年美国国家海洋和大气管理局(NOAA)重建海面温度(ERSSTv5)资料集,采用经验正交函数(EOF)分解和交叉小波分析等统计学方法,对北太平洋地区近70 a海表温度(SST)、西太平洋副热带高压(WPSH)的变化特征及其相关性进行分析。第一模态体现了SST显著的年际变化厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(ENSO)现象和显著的年代际变化北太平洋年代际振荡(PDO)现象。将WPSH强度距平指数和面积距平指数的均值定义为WPSH综合指数。WPSH综合指数总体呈上升趋势; 1977年之前,WPSH强度逐渐减小且振幅较小; 1977年之后,WPSH强度逐渐增大且振幅强度较大。通过合成分析发现,WPSH异常偏强年份对应西北太平洋大部分地区的SST显著偏暖,WPSH异常偏弱年份对应西北太平洋大部分地区的SST显著偏冷。将其与NOAA的月气候指标的Ni?o3.4和PDO指数分别进行交叉小波谱分析,得出:北太平洋SST的年际信号、年代际信号均与WPSH的变化有很明显的相关,WPSH强度和太平洋中部SST存在显著的4~5 a的年际正相关,且随着时间的后移,SST的变化超前于WPSH的变化。   相似文献   

4.
近年来国内ENSO研究概述   总被引:9,自引:4,他引:9       下载免费PDF全文
综合介绍了近年来国内学者在ENSO研究中取得的一些进展,包括ENSO事件的指标和强度指数、ENSO的机制、ENSO的预测。认为ENSO研究中其指标和强度指数朝着综合指标方面发展是一种趋势;ENSO循环不仅仅是一种热带海洋气候和大气气候事件。更是一种全球性行为,其机制的研究还有待深入;对ENSO的模式预测存在不稳定,尚不能完整、准确地预报所有EI Nino/La Nina事件。  相似文献   

5.
一、前言 南方涛动是一种低频振荡,是定量描述ENSO事件强度的重要指标。关于ENSO事件和SST与我国气温和降水的关系近年来已有不少研究,并取得一些成果。但对于南方涛动与我国降水的遥期相关研究还不多见。本文试对南方涛动与桂西北降水关系,进行探讨,以对该地区长期降水趋势预报提供依据和指标。  相似文献   

6.
构建描述两种ENSO类型的新指数   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
秦坚肇  王亚非 《气象学报》2014,72(3):526-541
利用英国气象局哈得来中心的1950—2011年月平均海表温度资料,采用联合回归-经验正交函数分解方法得到东部太平洋型ENSO(东部型ENSO)和中部太平洋型ENSO0中部型ENSO)的热带太平洋海温分布特点,进而定义了计算相对简单的东部型ENSO指数(I_(EP))和中部型ENSO指数(I_(CP))来分别描述两类ENSO。研究结果表明:首先,构建的I_(EP)和I_(CP)的相关性很小,接近正交,而且I_(EP)和I_(CP)能够反映两类ENSO不一致的偏度和周期,因此,这对指数能够清楚地区分两类ENSO。其次,I_(EP)和I_(CP)这两个指数可以描述厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜事件成熟期主要海表温度异常区的位置。再次,应用I_(EP)和I_(CP)从随机事件概率统计的角度给出两类厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜事件较为严格的定义,以便实时有效地监测两类ENSO。最后,利用新指数对两类ENSO的特征进行研究发现,强厄尔尼诺事件一般属于东部型,而强拉尼娜事件则为中部型,并且中部型拉尼娜事件发生的前期是东部型厄尔尼诺,此外,ENSO的发生演变机制在1976/1977年前后发生了改变。  相似文献   

7.
近65年ENSO事件强度变化及时频特征研究   总被引:6,自引:2,他引:6  
利用海洋尼诺指数(ONI)、南方涛动指数(SOI)和多变量ENSO指数(MEI)等ENSO特征值分析了1951年1月—2016年5月近65年ENSO事件的强度与时频特征,并将其强度划分为5个等级。结果表明:近65年共发生22次暖事件(El Ni?o)和13次冷事件(La Ni?a);对ENSO特征值进行频次分析发现,强El Ni?o月份所占比例比强La Ni?a多;使用连续小波、交叉小波和小波相干分析得出,ENSO循环主要具有2~7 a的周期,还具有10~16 a的年代际变化。   相似文献   

8.
单婵  李业进  任冉  王博妮  徐敏 《气象科学》2016,36(5):674-680
利用1981—2011年共31 a美国GODAS月平均次表层海温资料,以5~366 m次表层垂直平均海温表征上层海洋热含量(HC),运用合成、相关等统计学方法,分析了西太平洋暖池(以下简称暖池)热状态气候特征及其对ENSO事件的影响。结果表明:暖池区HC异常变化最大,异常变化最大的区域与其高值中心区域并不重合,而是在经向上向其两侧偏离;暖池区HC季节变化与SST季节变化高度一致,年际变率大于SST的年际变率;暖池热状态与ENSO事件有密切联系,最大冷(暖)异常恰好对应于ENSO循环过程中的El Ni1o(La Ni1a)事件,并且ENSO事件前期暖池HC存在明显东传信号。  相似文献   

9.
通过奇异值分解方法研究了热带太平洋对流活动(OLR)和海温SST的相互关系。结果表明,两场间具有高度的相关性。赤道中、东太平洋和赤道西太平洋上存在类似偶极子型的两个符号相反的显著相关区。ENSO期间,两区对流活动变化趋势相反,由两者之差建立对流涛动指数COI(Convective activities oscillation index)。并以1997/1998年暖事件和1998/2000年冷事件为例分析了COI在ENSO监测中的作用。分析表明,COI能够较好地反映海气相互作用信息,同其他指数相比,具有一定的优越性,是一个较为完善的ENSO监测指标。  相似文献   

10.
ENSO事件发展的时空特征   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
张秋庆  黄荣辉 《大气科学》1993,17(4):395-402
本文利用1951—1988年10°S—50°N太平洋SST资料与EOF分析方法对ENSO事件的发展过程与循环的时空特征进行了分析.分析结果表明EOF第一主分量时间系数的变化可以很好地表示SST距平变化与ENSO事件的发生.并且,第一主分量空间函数分布的变化揭示了一种ENSO事件增温是春季首先始于赤道东太平洋沿岸,随后向西传播到赤道中太平洋的增温过程;而第二主分量空间函数分布的变化揭示了另一种ENSO事件可增温首先始于赤道中太平洋,然后向东传播到赤道东太平洋的增温过程.分析结果还表明,ENSO事件的强度是强弱相间,其周期平均大约为4年左右. 本文还比较了80年代热带太平洋SST的变化及所发生的两次ENSO事件与其它年代所发生的ENSO事件的差别.  相似文献   

11.
海温气候平均场的改变及其对ENSO事件划分的影响   总被引:11,自引:1,他引:11       下载免费PDF全文
郭艳君 《气象》2003,29(1):39-42
比较了将于2003年1月投入我国海温监测业务使用的Reynolds海温1971-2000年气候平均场和原有系统中海温气候平均场的差别,并分析了7个关键区海温指数的变化,最后,以NINO3区海温指数为例,分析了对历史上厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜事件划分的差别。  相似文献   

12.
The role of tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies during ENSO episodes over northeast Brazil (Nordeste) is investigated using the CPTEC/COLA Atmospheric General Circulation Model (AGCM). Four sets of integrations are performed using SST in El Niño and La Niña (ENSO) episodes, changing the SST of the Atlantic Ocean. A positive dipole (SST higher than normal in the tropical North Atlantic and below normal in the tropical South Atlantic) and a negative dipole (opposite conditions), are set as the boundary conditions of SST in the Atlantic Ocean. The four experiments are performed using El Niño or La Niña SST in all oceans, except in the tropical Atlantic where the two phases of the SST dipole are applied. Five initial conditions were integrated in each case in order to obtain four ensemble results. The positive SST dipole over the tropical Atlantic Ocean and El Niño conditions over the Pacific Ocean resulted in dry conditions over the Nordeste. When the negative dipole and El Niño conditions over the Pacific Ocean were applied, the results showed precipitation above normal over the north of Nordeste. When La Niña conditions over Pacific Ocean were tested together with a negative dipole, positive precipitation anomalies occurred over the whole Nordeste. Using the positive dipole over the tropical Atlantic, the precipitation over Nordeste was below average. During La Niña episodes, the Atlantic Ocean conditions have a larger effect on the precipitation of Nordeste than the Pacific Ocean. In El Niño conditions, only the north region of Nordeste is affected by the Atlantic SST. Other tropical areas of South America show a change only in the intensity of anomalies. Central and southeast regions of South America are affected by the Atlantic conditions only during La Niña conditions, whereas during El Niño these regions are influenced only by conditions in the Pacific Ocean.  相似文献   

13.
ENSO对黑潮海区风应力异常影响的初步探讨   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
利用近50a黑潮海区风应力场与Nino3区海温指数序列进行相关分析后发现,ENSO对黑潮海区经向风应力影响的“关键时段”为秋、冬季至次年初夏时期,对纬向风应力影响的“关键时段”为冬季至次年春季。黑潮海区风应力距平场与赤道中东太平洋SSTA场的扩展SVD分析及相应的合成分析揭示了ENSO期间黑潮海区风应力异常结构的演变:秋季,中国的东海、琉球群岛附近海域首先出现南风应力异常;冬季,吕宋岛以北、台湾以东的海域出现西南风应力异常,其影响范围和强度在次年2月前后达到最强,其后迅速减弱,至5月,风应力异常基本消失。赤道中东太平洋SSTA对黑潮海区经向风应力异常的影响范围较大,强度更显著。  相似文献   

14.
两类ENSO事件非对称性特征分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
利用1961—2010年多种海、气观测资料,分析了东部型(EP)和中部型(CP)ENSO事件海温异常的非对称性及可能原因,并讨论了两类ENSO事件的非对称性对大气环流的可能影响。结果表明,海温异常非对称性包括空间分布非对称、强度非对称以及持续性非对称。从动力学角度来看,虽然不同事件发展衰减阶段主导的动力作用不尽相同,但就两类事件强度非对称性而言,海洋垂直对流项起关键性的作用。此外,研究发现,无论是通过海温强迫直接影响的赤道地区或是通过遥相关影响的赤道外地区,大气非对称响应都表现出与海温异常非对称较强的一致性,其中东部型ENSO的非对称性分布与事件暖位相分布相似,而中部型ENSO的非对称性分布与事件冷位相分布相似,且东部型ENSO非对称性差异大于中部型ENSO。  相似文献   

15.
In this paper the Bulk Aerodynamic Formulas are used to compute the latent and sensible heat fluxes over the area 8oS-20oN, 130o-180oE for each month from January 1950 through December 1979 by using the data set of COADS supplied by NOAA of USA. The annual and monthly geographical distributions and the seasonal cycle of heat fluxes are carried out and a seasonal change of heat fluxes for ENSO year is also obtained by compositing individual ENSO year including 1951, 1953, 1957, 1963, 1965, 1969, 1972 and 1976. It is found that during ENSO episodes positive anomalies of heat fluxes appeared during the period of March to July and negative anomalies from August to March of the following year. The time series of sum of heat fluxes for March. April, May, June and July in each year from 1950 through 1979 had a significant link to the eastern tropical Pacific SST index (Wright, 1983). The correlation coefficient was 0.56. As it is found that in the latter half of each ENSO year (August-December) the fre-quency of typhoon formation in the area studied is less than normal, we suggest that the negative anomalies of heat fluxes during the same period be a mechanism for the decreased frequency of typhoon formation.  相似文献   

16.
周群  陈文 《大气科学》2012,36(4):851-862
本文利用美国NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、海温、降水和反映太阳活动强弱的太阳10.7 cm射电流量资料,研究了1952~2010年太阳活动11年周期对ENSO年海温异常演变以及与之相联系的东亚降水的影响,在此基础上着重分析了ENSO发展期秋季东亚地区降水异常对太阳射电流量高(HS)/低(LS)的不同响应以及相关的物理过...  相似文献   

17.
Wang  Zhenzhen  Wu  Renguang 《Climate Dynamics》2021,56(11):3995-4012

A region of low sea surface temperature (SST) extends southward in the central part of southern South China Sea during boreal winter, which is called the South China Sea cold tongue (SCS CT). The present study investigates the factors of interannual variation of SST in the SCS CT region and explores the individual and combined impacts of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) on the SCS CT intensity. During years with ENSO alone or with co-existing ENSO and anomalous EAWM, shortwave radiation and ocean horizontal advection play major roles in the interannual variation of the SCS CT intensity. Ocean advection contributes largely to the SST change in the region southeast of Vietnam. In strong CT years with anomalous EAWM alone, surface wind-related latent heat flux has a major role and shortwave radiation is secondary to the EAWM-induced change of the SCS CT intensity, whereas the role of ocean horizontal advection is relatively small. The above differences in the roles of ocean advection and latent heat flux are associated with the distribution of low level wind anomalies. In anomalous CT years with ENSO, low level anomalous cyclone/anticyclone-related wind speed change leads to latent heat flux anomalies with effects opposite to shortwave radiation. In strong CT years with anomalous EAWM alone, surface wind-related latent heat flux anomalies are large as anomalous winds are aligned with climatological winds.

  相似文献   

18.
利用50年的Reynolds月平均海表温度资料和NCEP/NCAR全球大气再分析资料,分析了热带印度洋春季海温异常对南海夏季风强度变化的影响。结果表明:1)热带印度洋春季海表温度距平(SSTA)的模态主要是全区一致型(USBM)和热带南印度洋偶极型(SIODM),USBM模态既有年际时间尺度的变化特征,又有年际以上时间尺度的变化特征,既包含有对冬季ENSO信号响应的变化特征,又有独立于ENSO的变化特征;SIODM模态主要表现为独立于ENSO的年际时间尺度变化。2)USBM模态与南海夏季风强度变化呈显著负相关关系,且二者都是对冬季ENSO信号的响应,USBM模态的年际变化不能独立于ENSO信号影响南海夏季风的强度变化。3)经(1~8年)带通滤波及去除ENSO信号的热带印度洋春季SSTA的SIODM型分布是影响南海夏季风强度变化的主要模态,表现为热带东南印度洋为负(正)、其他海区为正(负)时,南海夏季风强度增强(减弱),大气环流对热带东南印度洋SSTA热力作用的响应是造成这一关系的直接原因,SIODM型的SSTA分布与南海夏季风年际异常关系在热带印度洋长期变化趋势的暖位相期显著,在长期变化趋势的冷位相期不显著。  相似文献   

19.
Observations indicated that for the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) there have been eastward displacements of the zonal wind stress (WS) anomalies and surface heat flux (short wave heat flux and latent heat flux) anomalies during El Niño episodes in the 1981–1995 regime relative to the earlier regime of 1961–1975 (without corresponding displacements during La Niña episodes). Our numerical experiments with the Zebiak–Cane coupled model generally reproduced such displacements when the model climatological fields were replaced by the observed climatologies [of sea surface temperature (SST), surface WS and surface wind atmospheric divergence] and simulated climatologies (of oceanic surface layer currents and associated upwelling) for the 1981–1995 regime. Sensitivity tests indicated that the background atmospheric state played a much more important role than the background ocean state in producing the displacements, which enhanced the asymmetry between El Niño and La Niña in the later regime. The later regime climatology state resulted in the eastward shifts in the ENSO system (WS and SST) only during El Niño, through the eastward shift of the atmosphere convergence heating rate in the coupled model. The ENSO period and ENSO predictability were also enhanced in the coupled model under the later regime climatology. That the change in the mean state of the tropical Pacific atmosphere and ocean after the mid 1970s could have produced the observed changes in ENSO properties is consistent with our findings.  相似文献   

20.
Based on the pentad mean ridgeline index of the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH), the authors identified the two northward jumps of the WPSH from 1979 to 2008 and revealed their associations with the tropical SST anomalies. The authors show that the northward jumps, especially the second jump, exhibited remarkable interannual variability. In addition, the authors find that the two northward jumps were mutually independent and were influenced by the SST anomalies in the different regions of the tropical Pacific. The first jump was positively correlated with the SST anomalies in the tropical central Pacific from the preceding winter to June. In contrast, the second jump was positively related to ENSO in the preceding winter, but this correlation tended to weaken with the decay of ENSO and disappeared in July. Instead, a positive correlation was found in the Indian Ocean. We therefore suggest that ENSO plays an indirect role in the second jump through the capacitor effect of the Indian Ocean.  相似文献   

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