共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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CINRAD/SA雷达天线座动态故障分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
结合CINRAD/SA雷达天线的动态控制过程、结构特点与故障现象,从理论上清晰地分析了天线运行的基本过程,指出各CINRAD站经常、普遍出现的天线座动态故障的实质是雷达天线运行的实际动态速率和位置与RDA(Radar Data Acquisition)计算机给定雷达伺服控制系统的命令不匹配以及判断造成此类故障报警的雷达天线动态速率不匹配条件和位置不匹配条件,而后深入分析了雷达天线伺服控制结构中的D/A转换电路、速度比较电路等关键部件的工作状态,最后总结了排查此类故障的驱动链路检查、滑环维护方法、伺服电机检测方法等,从而为CINRAD/SA雷达天线故障的现场维护和维修提供参考。 相似文献
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新一代双偏振天气雷达在暴雨、台风等灾害性天气监测和预警中发挥了重要的作用。随着气象现代化发展以及预报时效性、精细化度的要求不断提高,S波段新一代双偏振天气雷达已不能充分满足发展过程迅速的中小尺度天气系统的研究、预警。气象雷达的时空分辨率对探测强对流过程中小尺度结构有重要作用,提高天气雷达时空分辨率是精细化探测技术的关键,本文着重从新一代天气雷达的时空分辨率、体扫方式等方面,通过对天气雷达脉冲重复频率、信号处理方法及扫描方式等进行改进,提高新一代双偏振天气雷达对中小尺度气旋和龙卷风等灾害性天气的探测能力,以获取快速变化的天气过程精细化特征,获得更新更快、分辨率更高的观测资料。 相似文献
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Yoo-Jun Kim Byung-Gon Kim Mark Miller Qilong Min Chang-Keun Song 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences》2012,48(3):283-293
Modification of cloud microphysics and cloud albedo by cloud-active aerosol is generally identified and accepted, but the nature and magnitude of aerosol-cloud interactions are vaguely understood and thought to include a myriad of processes that vary regionally and confound the application of simple physical models of cloud-aerosol sensitivity. This paper presents observations demonstrating that cloud top stability through its regulation of mixing and vertical development is one of the critical mechanisms that regulate cloud response to cloud-active aerosol in some cloud systems. Strong above-cloud inversions are shown to buffer marine stratocumulus from the effects of mixing with drier, warmer inversion air. This buffering reduces the variability of the cloud liquid water path (LWP) and enables the clouds to remain nearly adiabatic. While weaker above-cloud inversions in continental stratocumulus promote variability in the LWP and sub-adiabatic LWPs, stronger inversions in marine stratocumulus enables a relatively adiabatic existence that increases the relationship of cloud microphysical alteration to cloud-active aerosol. This study has important implications for Geoengineering in that it demonstrates that cloud systems overlain by strong thermal inversions are more likely to respond predictably to intentional manipulation of the in-cloud concentration of cloud-active aerosol. 相似文献
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Summary In the past, experimental investigations as well as theoretical considerations have shown that within fronts and inversions wind shear and vertical temperature gradient adjust in such a way that the Richardson number is at its critical value. Results from aircraft measurements now suggest that the shear within moving cold fronts, warm fronts and inversions shows different behaviour because of the different mechanisms controlling the Richardson numbers. This leads to higher Richardson numbers, and therefore to lower amounts of wind shear within moving cold fronts when compared to warm fronts and inversions.With 9 Figures 相似文献
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加密外场试验可提供云降水物理过程新的数据。2014年7月1日—8月31日,第3次青藏高原大气科学试验项目组在那曲开展了水汽、云和降水的综合观测,使用了中国最先进的Ka波段毫米波云雷达、Ku波段微降水雷达、C波段连续波雷达和激光雷达,并配以微波辐射计、雨滴谱仪等设备,获取了高时空分辨率的云和降水宏微观垂直结构特征数据;利用C波段双线偏振雷达与新一代天气雷达配对,进行双多普勒雷达观测,获取青藏高原对流云三维风场和降水粒子相态的结构和演变数据。文中简单介绍了本次试验的情况,并利用这次观测的云雷达数据对那曲地区夏季云的云顶和云底高度、云厚、云量、云层数等特征的日变化进行了初步统计分析,对不同类型云的宏观特征进行了讨论。结果表明:本次外场试验首次成功获取到了多种雷达的云观测数据。那曲地区夏季云主要集中在6 km(距地面高度,下同)以上和4 km以下;总云量、高云的云顶、云量和云厚等云的统计参数有明显的日变化,10时(北京时)为云发展最弱的时段,20时云发展最为旺盛;初生的积云和层云常常出现在3 km高度上,这一高度上常常存在明显的上升气流;深对流系统高度可达16.5 km,同时存在上升气流和下沉气流,对流中可能存在过冷水。这些数据和初步结果为进一步开展高原云和降水机理、云和降水物理过程参数化方案研究及卫星反演结果的订正提供了基础。 相似文献
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C. E. Coulman 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1978,14(4):493-513
Observations from an instrumented aircraft are used to study the small-scale structure of turbulence and convection in well-mixed boundary layers and the erosion processes in the nocturnally-formed inversions above them. The ways in which turbulence statistics for temperature, humidity and vertical velocity scale with height in the mixed layer are compared with the results of a three-dimensional model by Deardorff (1974a, b), and agreement is found in many aspects. Conditional sampling enables the statistics of thermals and their environment to be considered separately and, in particular, shows that the mode of the vertical velocity in thermals markedly decreases with height in the upper half of the mixed layer. Thermals may be recognized equally readily by either their excess of temperature or humidity. Transfers of heat and moisture through the nocturnal inversions influence the structure of the upper region of the mixed layer and there is strong evidence that these transfer processes are turbulent and not organized on scales similar to convective thermals. 相似文献
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本文分析了1984年冬季北疆4次降水过程（11月21日、11月28日、12月1日、12月9日）的雷达观测资料、加密探空和包括1983年几次过程的飞机穿云观测、地面雪强和雪晶微物理观测以及常规观测资料等。结果表明，该区气旋锋面降水过程由频繁有秩的中小尺度降水带构成。依据观测可将它们分为两类:地形降水带和系统降水带。本文还初步研究了降水结构和降水带的生成机制，并进一步探讨了降水带的可播性。从各种降水带微结构特点和地面降水特征得知，该区冬季人工增雪催化对象主要是无高空强引晶作用的锋下层积云和浅对流、波动、爬坡等动力作用产生的降水带。 相似文献
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基于天气雷达风暴识别跟踪信息STI（Storm Tracking Information）拼图技术设计与应用,对该技术在江西雷电、雷暴大风、冰雹等强天气监测预警能力进行了分析。结果显示：通过对江西8部天气雷达的STI产品进行雷达算法解码,建立STI数据库,按照雷达拼图时间间隔,从数据库中调入STI数据进行15 min、30 min、45 min和60 min路径显示,形成多部雷达的组合STI产品。组合STI产品弥补了单部雷达的不足,对于判断未来1 h回波的移动方向、移动速度有明显的指示意义。而密集指向区对应于回波未来位置的确定效果更好,考虑到整体移向的修正位置更佳,在多次飑线、冰雹等强天气过程中得到了验证。组合STI产品还有助于识别回波系统,对于多个系统并存的天气过程中有很好的对照价值。密集指向区的出现说明回波系统进入发展旺盛期,密集指向区的消失预示着回波系统明显减弱。 相似文献
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Various types of radars with different horizontal and vertical detection ranges are deployed in China, particularly over complex terrain where radar blind zones are common. In this study, a new variational method is developed to correct threedimensional radar reflectivity data based on hourly ground precipitation observations. The aim of this method is to improve the quality of observations of various types of radar and effectively assimilate operational Doppler radar observations. A mudslide-inducing local rainstorm is simulated by the WRF model with assimilation of radar reflectivity and radial velocity data using LAPS(Local Analysis and Prediction System). Experiments with different radar data assimilated by LAPS are performed. It is found that when radar reflectivity data are corrected using this variational method and assimilated by LAPS,the atmospheric conditions and cloud physics processes are reasonably described. The temporal evolution of radar reflectivity corrected by the variational method corresponds well to observed rainfall. It can better describe the cloud water distribution over the rainfall area and improve the cloud water analysis results over the central rainfall region. The LAPS cloud analysis system can update cloud microphysical variables and represent the hydrometeors associated with strong convective activities over the rainfall area well. Model performance is improved and the simulation of the dynamical processes and moisture transport is more consistent with observation. 相似文献
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The connections between radar reflectivity and the time scale of warm rain formation are examined within a global cloud-resolving model. The parameterizations formulae of auto-conversion and accretion processes in the model reveal specific relationships between the time scale for auto-conversion and radar reflectivity of cloud water as well as between the time scale for accretion and radar reflectivity of rain water. The overall time scale for warm rain formation, determined by combined contributions from these processes, is found to relate with total radar reflectivity in the manner that varies with cloud-rain composition between auto-conversion and accretion limits. The global statistics from the model output reveals that the time scale is closely related with the total radar reflectivity, thus suggesting that the radar reflectivity is a gross measure of the warm rain time scale. The relationship developed is applied to both model-simulated and CloudSat-observed radar reflectivities to compare the time scales of warm rain formation between observation and the model. Comparison of the time scale so derived reveals significant differences between the model and CloudSat observations. These differences suggest that the simulated cloud-rain composition in the model is biased toward larger rain water contents and smaller content of cloud water compared to reality due to an accelerated cloud-to-rain water conversion in the model. 相似文献
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地基雷达与TRMM/PR的一致性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
天气雷达对中小尺度灾害性天气具有较强的监测预警能力,对研究中小尺度对流系统的云雨结构、理解降水内部的热力学和动力学过程有很大的帮助。单站点地基雷达受到诸如电磁波衰减、地物干扰等影响,在探测上存在一些限制。为了扩大天气雷达探测区域,需要采用多部天气雷达组网联合探测。然而雷达组网的各雷达之间没有进行统一标定,影响雷达网资料一致性、组网拼图,以及使雷达资料在数值模式同化的应用中受到限制。本文以TRMM(Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission)卫星搭载的经过精确标定的测雨雷达PR(Precipitation Radar)数据产品作为标准参照源,订正地基雷达GR(Ground-based Radar)的反射率因子偏差。为了减小PR与GR之间观测值对比的不一致性,利用最佳配对数据对比法(ABCD, Available Best Comparable Dataset法),对2008年1月至2014年9月间,江苏省六部地基雷达(南京、常州、连云港、南通、徐州、盐城)的反射率因子值进行订正。最后对方法的应用范围、存在的问题及未来展望进行了讨论。 相似文献
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利用我国CINRAD/SA多普勒天气雷达资料与ARPS模式 (Advanced Regional Prediction System) 的资料分析系统ADAS (ARPS Data Analysis System), 对初始场进行调整, 并应用于WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting Model) 模式, 对2003年梅雨期淮河流域两次典型致洪暴雨过程进行模拟试验。对模拟结果的对比分析和检验结果表明:引入雷达资料后, 在雷达观测区的整层风场和水汽场都随之调整, 雷达径向风和反射率因子资料对初始场调整有不同影响, 径向风资料侧重于对风场的调整, 而反射率因子资料侧重于对温、湿量场的调整, 使降雨落区和强度预报都有所提高; 在ADAS系统中, 雷达径向风和反射率因子资料对初始场调整有不同影响, 径向风资料侧重于对风场的调整, 而反射率因子资料侧重于对温、湿量场的调整, 两个个例的试验表明, 加入雷达径向风资料的模拟试验能够得到较好评分, 加入雷达反射率因子资料或同时加入这两种雷达资料也能够在一定程度上提高模拟的准确性。 相似文献
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雷达反射率因子在中尺度云分辨模式初始化中的应用Ⅰ：云微物理量和垂直速度的反演 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
对于水平网格距小于10 km的高分辨率非静力平衡的显式云分辨模式,云微物理量的初始化以及物理量之间的相互协调是十分重要的,并且一直是云分析领域的一个难题。考虑在云雨处于定常状态的前提下,根据暖云过程,可得到云中水成物之间相互转化以及与垂直速度的约束关系,而雨水含量跟雷达反射率因子(Z)有关。因此,采用合肥新一代天气雷达2003年7月5日02时(北京时)的观测资料,针对雷达探测的特点对雷达原始数据进行了坐标转换,并进行了插值处理和简单的质量控制,然后依据Z-qr关系和定常暖云方案,反演了雨水混合比(qr)、云水混合比(qc)、水汽混合比(qv)和垂直速度(w)。结果表明,由此得到的雷达回波主要特征及量值分布与雷达站的CAPPI图像基本一致;水汽、云水、雨水和垂直速度量值大小的分布与雷达回波强度的分布也是吻合的,体现出了云中水成物和垂直速度的三维分布结构;各物理量的量值也符合梅雨锋暴雨的特点,梅雨锋积层混合云系中层状云和对流云的差别十分明显。在较强的回波区,雨水在6 km以下含量较大,最大值位于4 km左右,可超过3.0 g/kg;上升速度在5 km左右最大,最大值超过5 m/s;云水含量大值区位于5 km以上,在7 km高度上达到最大,超过3.0 g/kg;雨滴末速度虽然上下比较一致,一般几米每秒,但在5 km左右为大值区。 相似文献
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基于谱分析原理提出了雷达回波强度面积谱的概念及算法,利用宁夏银川多普勒天气雷达回波资料,分析了不同性质降水云的雷达回波强度面积谱,并根据不同性质降水云雷达回波强度面积谱特征,提出了基于雷达回波强度面积谱识别降水云类型的方法,利用强回波面积（回波强度不小于40 dBZ的回波面积）占总回波面积百分比和基本降水回波面积（回波强度不小于20 dBZ的回波面积）占总回波面积百分比作为降水云类型判别的主要因子,提炼出基于雷达回波强度面积谱特征参数的层状云、积层混合云、对流云等不同类型降水云的判别指标,建立了基于雷达回波的降水云类型自动判识模型。利用该模型对2016-2017年6次强降水过程进行了降水云类型判别试验,模型准确判别出6次强降水过程中2次为对流云降水、4次为混合云降水,判别结果较好地反映了降水云类型,验证了判识方法的可行性。 相似文献
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Low-level temperature inversions are a common feature of the wintertime troposphere in the Arctic and Antarctic. Inversion strength plays an important role in regulating atmospheric processes including air pollution, ozone destruction, cloud formation, and negative longwave feedback mechanisms that shape polar climate response to anthropogenic forcing. The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) instrument provides reliable measures of spatial patterns in mean wintertime inversion strength when compared with available radiosonde observations and reanalysis products. Here, we examine the influence of sea ice concentration on inversion strength in the Arctic and Antarctic. Correlation of inversion strength with mean annual sea ice concentration, likely a surrogate for the effective thermal conductivity of the wintertime ice pack, yields strong, linear relationships in the Arctic (r?=?0.88) and Antarctic (r?=?0.86). We find a substantially greater (stronger) linear relationship between sea ice concentration and surface air temperature than with temperature at 850?hPa, lending credence to the idea that sea ice controls inversion strength through modulation of surface heat fluxes. As such, declines in sea ice in either hemisphere may imply weaker mean inversions in the future. Comparison of mean inversion strength in AIRS and global climate models (GCMs) suggests that many GCMs poorly characterize mean inversion strength at high latitudes. 相似文献
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云雷达和微波辐射计联合反演大气湿度廓线的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用中国气象局大气探测试验基地的微波辐射计亮温值、对应的云雷达测得的反射率因子和L波段探空数据,采用BP(back propagation)神经网络作为反演工具,反演得到大气垂直湿度廓线。将天气情况分为晴天、低云、中云和高云四种情况,对比不加入反射率因子的反演湿度廓线,分析两种反演方法在各高度层的均方根误差。对比结果表明,加入反射率因子的反演湿度廓线与探空廓线的相关系数平均值为0.862,均方根误差为14. 9%,而不添加反射率因子的相关系数平均值为0.763,均方根误差为19.2%。 相似文献
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B. D. Katsoulis 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》1988,39(2):98-107
Summary In this study the climatology and the effects of persistent nocturnal surface temperature inversions and their relationship to the meteorological processes are discussed. Emphasis is given to the importance of the relevant synoptic situations, the sea-breeze, the stability and the temperature characteristics. The application of some inversions characteristics to local pollution potential is also examined. The results show that many aspects of Athens air quality reflect the pronounced effect of persistent inversions, e.g. the frequency of pollution episodes, the accumulation of pollutants etc.
With 11 Figures 相似文献
Zusammenfassung Vorliegende Studie beschäftigt sich mit der Klimatologie und den Auswirkungen von andauernden nächtlichen Temperaturinversionen in Bodennähe sowie deren Zusammenhang mit meteorologischen Prozessen. Besonderes Augenmerk ist dabei den relevanten synoptischen Bedingungen — der Seebrise, der Stabilität und den Temperaturcharakteristika — gewidmet. Auch die Auswirkungen von manchen Inversionseigenschaften auf das Potential zu örtlicher Luftverschmutzung werden untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß in wesentlichen Aspekten die Luftqualität über Athen die Auswirkungen persistenter Inversionen widerspiegelt, so zum Beispiel in Häufigkeit und Intensität von Luftverschmutzungen.
With 11 Figures 相似文献