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本文采用OSU-AGCM动力框架加入牛顿加热项构成的简化大气环流模式,研究澳洲大陆热力强迫与南北半球环流异常的相关关系。本文对不同平衡温度模拟结果的差异(偏差场)进行了分析,探讨某局地热力强迫对全球其它区域环流异常的影响效应.数值试验结果表明,南北半球海陆热力结构有利于两半球行星尺度经向环流的加强及其低纬跨赤道气流的形成:南半球澳洲大陆热力强迫可以通过东、西风带侧向藕合效应,显著地影响北半球中纬西风带急流状况;二维Rossby波能量频散径向传播可能足澳洲热力强迫与北半球常定环流系统的异常变化相关现象的重要成因,且澳洲大陆强迫产生的径向波列路经与PNA、EU型相似. 相似文献
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105°E和125°E越赤道气流与南、北半球环流变化的关系 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
采用1980～2004年5～8月NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料, 将105°E和125°E越赤道气流增强过程按一定标准进行取样, 并对增强过程中越赤道气流的变化特点及其相应的南、 北半球环流特征进行分析, 结果表明: 越赤道气流的增强往往对应着通道南侧或北侧从热带到副热带地区的环流调整, 而这种环流调整在南半球主要指澳洲冷空气活动, 在北半球主要为辐合带的变化, 二者是影响越赤道气流的主要环流因子; 北半球辐合带的变化与西太平洋副高的东西振荡有密切关系, 前者的分布形态在一定程度上决定了南半球环流及越赤道气流变化对北半球热带外环流的影响情况; 125°E越赤道气流比105°E越赤道气流的增强过程通常更为显著, 这与它们对应的南、 北半球环流调整的差异有关。 相似文献
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采用1980-2004年5-8月NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料,将105°E和125°E越赤道气流增强过程按一定标准进行取样,并对增强过程中越赤道气流的变化特点及其相应的南、北半球环流特征进行分析,结果表明：越赤道气流的增强往往对应着通道南侧或北侧从热带到副热带地区的环流调整,而这种环流调整在南半球主要指澳洲冷空气活动,在北半球主要为辐合带的变化,二者是影响越赤道气流的主要环流因子;北半球辐合带的变化与西太平洋副高的东西振荡有密切关系,前者的分布形态在一定程度上决定了南半球环流及越赤道气流变化对北半球热带外环流的影响情况;125°E越赤道气流比105°E越赤道气流的增强过程通常更为显著,这与它们对应的南、北半球环流调整的差异有关。 相似文献
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东半球夏季低空越赤道气流的年际变化 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用1948—2006年NECP/NCAR的风场、高度场、海平面气压场以及地表温度再分析资料,采用相关分析、合成分析及回归分析等方法,探讨了东半球夏季低空越赤道气流的年际变化特征以及越赤道气流强度与环流系统和前期海陆热力差异的关系。结果表明,越赤道气流强度的年际变化和同期南北半球低纬环流系统,特别是亚澳大陆气压差关系密切。此外,索马里急流和孟加拉湾越赤道气流受海陆热力差异的影响,而东亚越赤道气流则主要受海温影响。 相似文献
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用1979～1999年共21年资料分析了全球越赤道气流的空间分布,并初步讨论了东半球低层主要通道越赤道气流强度的年际变化特征。结果表明,全球越赤道气流分布存在明显的空间不对称性,即通道分布的高低层不对称性和沿纬圈不对称。低层通道窄而多,高层通道宽而少;东半球低层通道数目远较西半球多,且强度更强。无论高、低层,夏季越赤道气流总和都强于冬季。这也反映了南北半球空气质量交换的时空分布的不对称性,即空气质量的交换主要集中在夏季和东半球。 东半球低层越赤道气流的年际变化主要受TBO(2～3年周期)和ENSO(4～7年周期)的周期振荡影响,尤其是北半球夏季85 oE弱的越赤道气流年份基本上都与ENSO年相对应。这说明85 oE越赤道气流的强弱不仅决定于南北半球环流,还与热带纬向环流有关。而冬季105 oE越赤道气流的强弱不仅受TBO的影响,同时还受ENSO的影响。东半球各不同通道越赤道气流的年际变化特征必将对亚洲季风及降水有重要影响。 相似文献
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北半球夏季西北太平洋热带地区西南季风强弱变化与南半球环流型的关系 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
本文分析了1978年夏季西北太平洋西南季风的强弱变化与南半球500mb环流形势的关系,发现当南半球出现经向环流型时,西南季风相应增强,反之,出现纬向环流型时,西南季风则减弱。 在南半球稳定的经向环流形势控制下,冷空气可以影响到低纬地带,高空长波槽后冷高压北侧的东南大风在其相对固定的通道上形成一股强而持久的越赤道气流,在北半球环流条件有利的情况下,这股越赤道气流可以在西北太平洋上转向成西南气流,导致该地区西南季风增强。由于南半球的长波槽容易在澳洲大陆东西两岸同时停滞加深,因此越赤道气流的路径则相对集中在这两 相似文献
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青藏高原地区5月热力差异和后期夏季北疆降水的联系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基于美国国家环境预测中心/美国国家大气研究中心(NCEP/NCAR)再分析月平均资料和新疆70站降水资料,分析了1961~2010年5月青藏高原地区地表热力异常差异和新疆夏季降水的联系。奇异值分解(SVD)分析发现,当5月青藏高原视热源偏弱,高原西北部地区偏强时,北疆夏季降水偏多。定义了一个热力差异指数来表征两个区域热力异常的对比程度,发现考虑这种大尺度热力差异对比要比单一地区与区域气候有更为密切的联系。当热力差异指数为负时,即5月青藏高原视热源偏弱,其西北部视热源偏强时:(1)西亚副热带西风急流位置偏南;(2)500 h Pa中亚上空和贝加尔湖上空分别对应异常气旋和反气旋环流,在二者共同作用下,北疆上空盛行异常的偏南气流,有利于低纬度的暖湿气流北上,形成有利于降水的环流形势;(3)印度半岛上空为异常反气旋环流,中亚上空为异常气旋环流,形成北疆夏季降水水汽的两步型输送,阿拉伯海水汽被输送至中亚和新疆地区。偏相关分析发现,青藏高原热力异常主要影响对流层中高层大气环流和水汽输送的第二步环流条件,高原西北部热力异常则影响水汽输送的第一步环流条件。 相似文献
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2013年影响海南热带气旋异常偏多成因分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用1983-2013年热带气旋年鉴、NCEP/NCAR全球再分析格点资料及国家气候中心74项环流指数资料等,统计分析了近30a西太平洋以及影响海南的热带气旋特征,并对2013年西太平洋热带气旋偏多、秋台集中以及影响海南热带气旋偏多的异常特征从天气学等方面进行了分析。结果表明,副热带高压、夏季风、越赤道气流、海表温度及北半球极涡等环流系统异常,是形成2013年西太平洋热带气旋偏多的主要原因。南半球冷高压发展激发越赤道气流增强,引发赤道西风加强;副热带高压偏北偏弱,夏季风增强,副高南侧热带辐合带对流活跃;南海-西太平洋海表温度偏高;极涡偏弱偏西,经向环流偏弱,中纬度冷空气活动不频繁等。多条件共同作用,有利于西太平洋热带气旋的生成。另外,副高呈东西向分布,南海海表温度偏高使得南海及菲律宾以东生成的热带气旋易于向西移动影响海南。 相似文献
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The stability of the thermohaline circulation of modern and glacial climates is compared with the help of a two dimensional ocean—atmosphere—sea ice coupled model. It turns out to be more unstable as less freshwater forcing is required to induce a polar halocline catastrophy in glacial climates. The large insulation of the ocean by the extensive sea ice cover changes the temperature boundary condition and the deepwater formation regions moves much further South. The nature of the instability is of oceanic origin, identical to that found in ocean models under mixed boundary conditions. With similar strengths of the oceanic circulation and rates of deep water formation for warm and cold climates, the loss of stability of the cold climate is due to the weak thermal stratification caused by the cooling of surface waters, the deep water temperatures being regulated by the temperature of freezing. Weaker stratification with similar overturning leads to a weakening of the meridional oceanic heat transport which is the major negative feedback stabilizing the oceanic circulation. Within the unstable regime periodic millennial oscillations occur spontaneously. The climate oscillates between a strong convective thermally driven oceanic state and a weak one driven by large salinity gradients. Both states are unstable. The atmosphere of low thermal inertia is carried along by the oceanic overturning while the variation of sea ice is out of phase with the oceanic heat content. During the abrupt warming events that punctuate the course of a millennial oscillation, sea ice variations are shown respectively to damp (amplify) the amplitude of the oceanic (atmospheric) response. This sensitivity of the oceanic circulation to a reduced concentration of greenhouse gases and to freshwater forcing adds support to the hypothesis that the millennial oscillations of the last glacial period, the so called Dansgaard—Oeschger events, may be internal instabilities of the climate system. 相似文献
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卑尔根气候模式中大西洋热盐环流年代际与年际变率的气候影响 总被引：12，自引：3，他引：9
利用一个全球海气耦合模式--卑尔根气候模式的积分结果,揭示了与大西洋热盐环流(THC)年代际和年际振荡相对应的气候异常型.年代际振荡发生在全海盆尺度,伴有亚速尔高压的增强、冰岛低压的加深;年际振荡发生在局地尺度,伴有亚速尔高压的减弱.这两种海平面气压异常型都反映了北大西洋涛动(NAO)活动中心的强度变化,两种变率型对应的拉布拉多海对流活动都加剧.但伴随局地尺度的THC调整,伊尔明格海的对流活动减弱.蒸发异常对拉布拉多海表层盐度异常的影响较为显著.分析表明,局地尺度的THC振荡主要是对大气强迫的被动响应,而海盆尺度THC振荡的实质是反映整个输送带的强度变化,其气候意义要大于THC的局地振荡. 相似文献
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The South Atlantic response to a collapse of the North Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) is investigated in the ECHAM5/MPI-OM climate model. A reduced Agulhas leakage (about 3.1?Sv; 1?Sv?=?106?m3?s?1) is found to be associated with a weaker Southern Hemisphere (SH) supergyre and Indonesian throughflow. These changes are due to reduced wind stress curl over the SH supergyre, associated with a weaker Hadley circulation and a weaker SH subtropical jet. The northward cross-equatorial transport of thermocline and intermediate waters is much more strongly reduced than Agulhas leakage in relation with an AMOC collapse. A cross-equatorial gyre develops due to an anomalous wind stress curl over the tropics that results from the anomalous sea surface temperature gradient associated with reduced ocean heat transport. This cross-equatorial gyre completely blocks the transport of thermocline waters from the South to the North Atlantic. The waters originating from Agulhas leakage flow somewhat deeper and most of it recirculates in the South Atlantic subtropical gyre, leading to a gyre intensification. This intensification is consistent with the anomalous surface cooling over the South Atlantic. Most changes in South Atlantic circulation due to global warming, featuring a reduced AMOC, are qualitatively similar to the response to an AMOC collapse, but smaller in amplitude. However, the increased northward cross-equatorial transport of intermediate water relative to thermocline water is a strong fingerprint of an AMOC collapse. 相似文献
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BCC_AGCM2.1对中国东部地区云辐射特征模拟的偏差分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过与观测及再分析资料的对比,评估了中国国家气候中心大气环流模式BCC_AGCM 2.1对中国东部地区云辐射特征的模拟性能,并着重分析了模拟偏差的原因.在云辐射特征的基本气候态模拟方面,模式能大致再现中国东部中纬度层状云大值带,以及层状云冷季多、暖季少的季节特征,模拟的短波云辐射强迫也具有与观测相对应的季节变化特征.在云辐射强迫和地面温度相互影响过程的模拟方面,模式也能模拟出与观测相近的相互作用过程,即地面温度降低伴随着层状云云量增多以及负的净云辐射强迫加强,升温时层状云云量减少和净云辐射强迫减弱.但模式模拟的大陆层状云云量系统性偏少(尤其在冷季),使得模式在该处的短波云辐射强迫明显偏弱.初步分析表明,造成层状云模拟差异的主要原因是在中国西南地区对流层低层模式模拟的偏南气流明显偏弱以及陆-气潜热通量偏小.偏南气流偏弱导致低层散度和垂直运动条件不利于中层云的形成.同时偏南气流偏弱也不利于向西南地区的水汽输送,再加上模式模拟地表向上潜热通量偏小,这二者都使得模式模拟中国西南区域对流层低层的水汽含量严重偏少,相对湿度偏低,同样不利于层状云生成和发展.水汽偏少进一步导致在冷异常情况下青藏高原下游云辐射-地表温度反馈模拟偏弱,即呈现冷异常时,水汽条件偏弱限制了云量增加,弱化了进一步降低温度的反馈过程. 相似文献
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The atmospheric conditions that lead to strong offshore surface winds in Southern California, commonly referred to as Santa
Ana winds, are investigated using the North American Regional Reanalysis and a 12-year, 6-km resolution regional climate simulation
of Southern California. We first construct an index to characterize Santa Ana events based on offshore wind strength. This
index is then used to identify the average synoptic conditions associated with Santa Ana events—a high pressure anomaly over
the Great Basin. This pressure anomaly causes offshore geostrophic winds roughly perpendicular to the region’s mountain ranges,
which in turn cause surface flow as the offshore momentum is transferred to the surface. We find, however, that there are
large variations in the synoptic conditions during Santa Ana conditions, and that there are many days with strong offshore
flow and weak synoptic forcing. This is due to local thermodynamic forcing that also causes strong offshore surface flow:
a large temperature gradient between the cold desert surface and the warm ocean air at the same altitude creates an offshore
pressure gradient at that altitude, in turn causing katabatic-like offshore flow in a thin layer near the surface. We quantify
the contribution of “synoptic” and “local thermodynamic” mechanisms using a bivariate linear regression model, and find that,
unless synoptic conditions force strongly onshore winds, the local thermodynamic forcing is the primary control on Santa Ana
variability. 相似文献
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William R. Crawford Michael J. Woodward Michael G. G. Foreman Richard E. Thomson 《大气与海洋》2013,51(4):639-681
Abstract We present evidence of previously unresolved oceanographic features in Queen Charlotte Sound and Hecate Strait using data collected in the summer of 1990 and interpreted using a three‐dimensional, finite‐element diagnostic numerical model for two separate simulations: baroclinic flow without wind‐forcing and barotropic flow with wind‐forcing. Features include a strong, prevailing southward flow along the east coast of Moresby and Kunghit Islands, clockwise circulation around the edge of Middle Bank and a cold‐water plume flowing from the shallows at the north end of Aristazabal Island toward the south and through the trough between Middle Bank and Goose Island Bank A persistent (near‐surface) outflow into the Pacific Ocean is found near the surface within 20 km of Cape St. James at the southern tip of the Queen Charlotte Islands and intermittent surface outflows are observed across the mouth of Queen Charlotte Sound. In central Hecate Strait, to the north of Middle Bank, prevailing along‐strait currents are weak and there is an east‐west interleaving of two water masses: warm water from the west side of the strait and cold water from the east side. 相似文献