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1.
雷暴天气是甘肃武威市多发的灾害性天气之一。利用1961~2010年武威市5个气象站雷暴资料,以及2001~2010年4~10月逐日NCEP再分析资料,分析了武威市雷暴天气的时空分布特征及变化趋势,并依据气流的南北配置方法对雷暴天气进行了环流分型。结果表明:受海拔高度和地形地势的影响,武威市雷暴具有明显的地域特征,南部天祝山区雷暴日数远大于其他各地,占雷暴总日数的40.6%。年际、年代际雷暴日数总体呈减少趋势,其中,天祝的减少趋势尤为显著,其递减率为-5.819 d/10 a,年雷暴日数的时间序列存在着7~8 a的准周期变化。一年内,6~8月是雷暴的高发期,雷暴日数占全年总日数的70.8%~78.6%。雷暴的日变化特征明显,12~22时为其多发时段,集中发生时段为13~17时,雷暴的平均持续时间为10~40 min。武威市雷暴天气环流形势可分为西北气流型、西南气流型和西风气流型3类。其中,西北气流型,高空冷平流深厚且移速缓慢,最有利于强对流天气发生,雷暴发生比例最高;西南气流型,系统过境后无残余的冷空气滞留,不利于强对流天气发生,雷暴发生比例最低;西风气流型,高空低涡位置较偏北,冷空气较强,较利于强对流天气发生,雷暴发生比例相对较高。  相似文献   

2.
甘肃省天水市近40a冰雹分布特征   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
根据甘肃省天水市7个气象站1971~2010年冰雹观测资料,分析了近40 a来该地冰雹变化规律。结果表明:天水市的冰雹分布特征呈现明显的日变化和年际变化。日分布以午后型(13~18时)为主,占全年降雹日数的49.1%;月际变化成单峰型,降雹时段集中在5~8月,占总日数的74.8%;年均累计降雹平均日数为6.4 d,降雹总日数呈逐年下降趋势。拔海高的地区冰雹发生较多,山区多于平川地区。影响天水市的冰雹路径大多呈西北—东南方向,降雹天气以西北气流型为主。  相似文献   

3.
南阳市冰雹天气过程和人工防雹作业研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
利用1990-2003年南阳市出现的70个冰雹天气过程资料,分析了冰雹分布的特点、源地、移动路径和出现冰雹天气时的天气图、探空及雷达资料.结果表明:西峡、内乡、邓州、唐河冰雹发生较多,冰雹天气多出现在4-8月,在13:00-22:00时段内发生的冰雹约占92.4%;降雹天气形势有西北气流型、低槽(低涡)型、西南气流型;当T850-400>36 ℃,08时0°层高度H0≤4817m, T地面-400≥42.4 ℃或39.6 ℃≤T地面-400<42.4 ℃且T-TD<3.5 ℃,地面总温度Tσ≥60 ℃时可作为冰雹预报的条件.冰雹云团的雷达回波特征为组合反射率因子≥60 dBz, 回波顶高≥11 km, 垂直积分液态水含量≥30 kg/m2.  相似文献   

4.
利用2008—2013年西北地区东部169个气象观测站的天气实况资料和NCEP/NCAR 1°×1°再分析资料计算的对流参数对西北地区东部雷暴日进行了天气分型,并应用分型统计的参数阈值对2013年西北地区东部雷暴日进行了试预报。结果表明:2008—2013年西北地区东部雷暴日集中出现在5—9月,占雷暴总日数的85.9%;雷暴日发生的天气形势可分为低涡型、低槽型、西北气流型和西南气流型4种。引入天气型强度指数,研究4种雷暴天气型的自动识别方法,通过天气分型检验表明,天气型自动识别方法可准确的识别雷暴发生的天气形势,且漏报较少。在天气型识别的基础上,进一步进行雷暴物理量诊断表明,消空效果明显。2008—2012年西北地区东部雷暴日回代预报的TS评分为54.1%,漏报雷暴日为4 d;2013年雷暴日试预报的TS评分为51.8%,漏报雷暴日为10 d;雷暴日回代预报与试预报的TS评分均超过气候概率,预报效果较理想,可为西北地区东部雷暴天气预报研究提供参考。  相似文献   

5.
张凯静  江敦双  丁锋 《山东气象》2018,38(1):108-114
利用1981—2012年4—10月青岛市7个观测站逐时降水量资料和同期NCEP再分析资料,统计分析青岛市短时强降水的时空分布特征,建立青岛市短时强降水天气概念模型。结果表明:青岛市年短时强降水日数无明显变化趋势;4—10月均有短时强降水出现,7—8月是多发月份;短时强降水的日变化有2个多发时段,主峰在下午到傍晚时段,次峰在凌晨时段;即墨、平度、黄岛为青岛市短时强降水的多发区域,其中黄岛为连续性短时强降水出现最多的区域;青岛市产生短时强降水的天气系统可分为六种类型,西风槽型、横槽型、冷涡型、热带低值系统型、西北气流型、切变线型,其中西风槽型出现次数最多。  相似文献   

6.
渭南市冰雹时空分布及天气条件分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用1976—2005年30a渭南市的冰雹资料及1996—2005年5—9月历史天气图资料,统计分析渭南市冰雹天气的时空分布、环流形势及单站物理量指标。总结出渭南市冰雹以4—9月最多,其中5—8月为高峰期,主要集中在北部、西北及东北部;降雹天气形势主要有西北气流型、低涡型和低槽型,以西北气流天气形势下冰雹天气发生的概率最大;降雹区的大气层结呈明显的对流不稳定,K指数及S指数对降雹天气的预报有很好的预示作用。  相似文献   

7.
基于湖南省92个站点1968—2017年冰雹观测资料,采用回归分析、小波分析、主成分分析等方法,研究了湖南冰雹时空分布特征。结果表明,湖南近50年冰雹天气年际下降趋势显著,近20年来有记录的冰雹天气发生频次明显降低。湖南初次降雹的时间都集中在1—3月。冰雹月季变化显著,一年中以3月冰雹最多,2月的次之,从5月份起雹日骤然减少。春季是降雹最多的季节,占雹灾总数的56.06%,冬季的次之,夏季和秋季冰雹发生频率分别仅为全年的2.53%和0.69%。年冰雹日数主要存在4~5 a和19 a左右的振荡周期,20世纪90年代前还存在明显的9~10 a的振荡周期。各季节冰雹日数振荡周期不一。湖南冰雹空间分布呈自湘西北向湘东南递减的规律,年冰雹日数的空间分布特征与春季、冬季冰雹分布特征相似。湘北和湘中地区冰雹天气年际变化以下降趋势为主,湘南地区其气候趋势变化不明显。对湖南近50年冰雹日数进行主成分分析的前3个主要模态,在空间向量场上分别呈现出全省一致型、地势主导型和南北呼应型。  相似文献   

8.
利用2015—2020年陕西4月99站地面观测资料、灾情报告,高空探测资料,多普勒雷达资料等,对陕西4月冰雹天气发生的天气形势、对流潜势指标及雷达回波特征进行统计分析,结果表明:陕西4月冰雹多发生在午后至傍晚(12—20时),降雹相对高频区位于陕北南部和关中;按环流形势将冰雹天气分为槽后西北气流型和冷槽型两类,槽后西北气流型主要特征表现在中层强的干冷空气侵入造成强热力不稳定层结,冷槽型冰雹天气产生的主要原因为高层冷空气叠加于低层暖湿气流上,造成强的位势不稳定,天气尺度抬升促进对流进一步发展;共筛选出11个指标为4月冰雹天气潜势预报提供参考,业务应用中重点分析相比气候平均值差异较大的K指数、总指数、对流稳定度指数,作为冰雹天气潜势预报中不稳定层结及低层水汽条件的判别指标,同时需注意其他指标的配合使用,应用CAPE值做强对流天气潜势预报时必须要经过探空订正;降雹云团受地面中尺度系统触发,槽后西北气流型冰雹的雷达回波分散、持续时间短,冷槽型冰雹的雷达回波范围广,持续时间长。  相似文献   

9.
利用东营市1994—2019年冰雹资料、2000—2019年ERA5再分析资料和常规观测资料,统计分析了黄河入海口地区冰雹日时空分布特征,针对2010—2019年55 d冰雹日进行天气学分型和物理量场特征分析。结果表明:黄河入海口地区冰雹分布在3—10月,集中在春末夏初,冰雹时段主要出现在午后到傍晚和午夜前后,冰雹落区集中在沿黄河两岸和河口区的西部;冰雹日500 hPa环流形势可以分为西风槽型、高空冷涡型、脊前西北气流型和副高边缘型四大类;对2010—2019年55个冰雹日冰雹发生前1小时冰雹区的强天气威胁指数(ISWEAT)、总温度(TT)、 K指数(K)及850 hPa与500 hPa温差(T(850-500))等物理量进行统计分析,相应指标具有较好的指示意义。  相似文献   

10.
尉英华  花家嘉  王莹  卢焕珍 《气象》2023,(2):213-223
针对2009—2019年天津地区70次冰雹天气过程时空特征进行统计分析,并利用美国国家环境预报中心全球模式业务系统分析资料(NCEP FNL)和地面气象观测数据构建融合探空序列,对比分析不同月份、不同天气型和不同大小冰雹的环境条件差异,给出相应的环境参数指标。结果表明:天津降雹主要出现在4—9月,其中6月冰雹和大冰雹发生日数分别占49.4%、60.0%,12—20时冰雹和大冰雹发生概率分别占74.8%、100%。冰雹发生前对流有效位能(CAPE)、抬升指数(LI)、垂直风切变(SHR)、湿球0℃层高度(HWBZ)、大气可降水量(TPW)均存在明显的月变化特征,但总指数(TT)和强天气威胁指数(SWEAT)作为预报判据时其月变化并不明显,4月和9月大多数冰雹天气发生在“低能强切变”条件下,7月和8月则多发生在“中高能弱切变”条件下。此外,不同月份HWBZ平均比干球0℃层高度(HDBZ)偏低0.4~0.9 km,除了7月和8月极少数冰雹HWBZ位于4.0~4.2 km范围,其余冰雹天气过程均发生在低于3...  相似文献   

11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics.  相似文献   

12.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.  相似文献   

13.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.  相似文献   

14.
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.  相似文献   

15.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d.  相似文献   

16.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region.  相似文献   

17.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms.  相似文献   

18.
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on  相似文献   

19.
Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.  相似文献   

20.
The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.  相似文献   

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