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1.
浙江北部一次短时大暴雨的中尺度分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
利用常规气象观测资料、区域自动站加密观测资料和GFS 0.5°×0.5°逐6h的分析场数据以及多普勒雷达、风云卫星资料,对2013年6月24日浙江北部一次短时大暴雨天气过程的特征及其成因进行了中尺度分析,结果表明:受西太平洋副热带高压西北部边缘的暖湿西南气流和850hPa暖切的共同影响,引发了浙江北部的短时大暴雨天气。在有利的大尺度环境场和物理量场配合下,当低层925hPa的中尺度辐合线和对流层中层700hPa的垂直上升运动区相重合时,中尺度辐合线附近会产生强对流,这对强对流的发生发展具有一定的预报指示意义。此次暴雨过程与中尺度辐合线密切相关,中尺度辐合线是由偏东风和东北风辐合而成,该辐合线先于降水存在,而且从地面一直伸展到对流层中层,之后触发了浙北地区的短时大暴雨天气,强降水区域和强回波带落在中尺度辐合线附近区域。  相似文献   

2.
用Micaps,地面自动站加密资料,新一代多普勒天气雷达资料和GFS 0.5°×0.5°再分析资料以及中尺度WRF模式输出资料对2014夏季发生在宁波市地区的一个局地强雷暴天气过程进行了分析总结,得出:宁波新一代多普勒雷达反射率回波出现弱窄带回波时,对应边界层辐合线海风锋,在有利天气形势背景下易诱发强对流的发生发展。此次强雷雨过程是在有利天气背景条件下发生的,强对流发生在局地层结不稳定和较好的水汽条件下;利用中尺度WRF模式输出资料进行分析看到,海风锋的锋生造成的地转强迫促使次级环流加强,在东西风辐合线西侧有垂直上升运动出现;海风锋本身有一辐合抬升区,辐合上升运动的加强为雷暴的发生提供了有利的动力条件,从而触发了该地区不稳定能量的强烈释放,促使了雷暴的新生发展。  相似文献   

3.
利用常规气象观测资料、区域自动站加密观测资料、GFS 0.25°×0.25°逐6 h的分析场数据,以及多普勒天气雷达、风廓线雷达资料,对2020年3月21日发生在浙江中北部的强对流天气过程进行了分析。结果表明:(1)该次过程发生前浙江中北部地区高低层均为西南气流控制,白天升温明显,中低层急流逐渐东移北抬,同时700 hPa西北气流南压带来弱冷空气渗透,有利于形成午后"上干冷、下暖湿"的不稳定层结,且浙江中北部地区处于干湿区交界处,环境背景场有利于对流发生。(2)中尺度辐合线是该次强对流天气的直接触发系统,辐合线先于对流形成,辐合线形成时冷空气楔入暖湿气流下方,将暖湿气流抬升,从而触发不稳定能量释放,激发了对流。辐合线强度增强时,回波强度也会随之增强。(3)在短时临近业务中,预报员需多利用高时空分辨率的地面加密自动站、多普勒天气雷达以及风廓线雷达等资料,尤其需加强对中尺度辐合线等强对流天气触发系统的分析。  相似文献   

4.
台风外围偏北气流下两次强对流天气的对比分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用常规资料、NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料、卫星、雷达及自动站等资料,分析了广东省2014年7月8日和8月1日2次大范围强对流天气过程,结果表明:2次强对流天气均发生在台风外围第3象限偏西北气流控制下,但触发机制不尽相同。7月8日强对流过程与中低层中尺度辐合线北抬有关,是在中低层转西南风时触发;8月1日强对流过程与下沉气流加强有关,偏北气流在近地面与西南气流交汇形成中尺度辐合线,该辐合线自北向南影响广东省中部触发大范围强对流天气;热力和不稳定指数对强对流天气的发生具有指示意义。  相似文献   

5.
利用NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料和常规资料对2009年5月发生在河北中南部的强对流暴雨天气过程进行了数值模拟。低空700 hPa流场的中尺度扰动和涡度场的加强说明:发生在河北中南部的短时强对流暴雨与东北回流密切相关 ,低空东北风的辐合,使地转平衡遭到破坏,从而引发水平辐合和辐散及铅直运动,在地转适应过程中,700 hPa中尺度环流偶在河北中南部形成并加强,对应的正负涡度对也出现并增大,使辐合上升运动增强,强对流暴雨出现在辐合场和辐散场之间区域。高空急流中心右前侧辐合导致气流下沉,向南的一支引起低空北风加大。加强的东北回流与低空较强偏南气流在河北南部相遇,耦合上升。可见,垂直环流的形成及东北回流的加强是此次强对流暴雨产生的重要原因。  相似文献   

6.
0414号台风Rananim不仅在中国沿海引起暴雨灾害,还在中国内陆产生了强烈降水,导致严重的洪水和地质灾害。基于地面、探空和卫星观测资料、NCEP 1°×1°分析资料以及日本气象厅区域谱模式同化资料(20 km×20 km格距),对台风Rananim内陆强降水过程中环流内中尺度辐合线的形成和发展进行研究,结果表明:(1)中纬度冷空气自对流层中低层侵入台风环流,与台风偏东风暖湿气流相遇,激发了中尺度辐合线在其西北象限的生成。(2)这条中尺度辐合线存在于700 hPa以下低层,具有指向冷空气的斜升气流,并形成辐合线上的垂直环流圈。β-中尺度对流云团群在中尺度辐合线附近形成发展,最后并入台风残涡云团,生消过程约12 h。(3)中尺度辐合线上对流不稳定和条件性对称不稳定共同存在,为强对流运动提供有利环境。湿斜压性增强是中尺度辐合线斜升气流上条件性对称不稳定产生的主要原因。(4)中尺度辐合线与台风环流相互作用的诊断表明,中尺度辐合线从台风低层获得动能和垂直涡度而发展,而其发展又为台风环流提供动能和高层正涡度,减缓了台风衰减。中尺度辐合线不仅直接产生暴雨对流云团,还有利于热带气旋的维持,造成内陆持续强降水。  相似文献   

7.
张晓东 《干旱气象》2009,27(2):135-141
在分析环流背景、影响系统及诸层物理量场特征基础上,结合MICAPS资料和NCEP 1°×1°的6 h再分析资料,对2007年3月初唐山暴雪天气过程进行了诊断分析.结果表明,加深的高空槽、700 hPa低涡及东北平原回流的强冷空气是这次暴雪的主要影响系统,降雪期间的高空辐散低层辐合、正涡度的增强、较强的上升运动以及冷空气强迫抬升是暴雪发生的动力机制,低层持续的偏东风是主要水汽输送通道,700 hPa的Q矢量辐合区与降雪落区有较好对应关系.  相似文献   

8.
冯晋勤  俞小鼎  蔡菁  赖巧珍 《气象》2017,43(11):1354-1363
根据2002—2013年福建26次春季强对流天气过程中12例由西南急流暖湿强迫产生的强对流天气的高低空环流配置,利用常规高空、地面观测资料以及NCEP再分析资料,运用中尺度对流天气的天气图分析技术建立福建春季西南风低空急流暖湿强迫背景下的强对流天气流型的识别方法,并统计静力稳定度、水汽、抬升和垂直风切变条件及相应物理量要素,初步揭示了福建省春季西南急流暖湿强迫背景下的强对流天气过程的特征和规律。此类强对流天气是由对流层中、高层干冷空气位于低层强烈发展的暖湿平流之上形成显著条件不稳定层结,逆温、干暖盖、中低层有利的水汽条件,上干下湿的温湿廓线以及低空辐合、高空辐散为强对流天气的发生提供了有利的环境条件,强对流天气系统由地面的锋面、辐合线、热低压、925 hPa辐合线以及西南急流脉动等中尺度天气系统触发,对流生成后在西南风急流引导下移入有利于对流发展的不稳定区域使得对流持续发展,强垂直风切变配合较大的对流有效位能有利于对流风暴持续发展。  相似文献   

9.
利用常规气象观测资料、区域自动站资料、FY-2E卫星云顶亮温资料、兰州多普勒雷达资料和NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料,对2018年7月18日发生在青藏高原东侧边坡地区的一次强对流天气的环流背景、物理量场和中尺度系统特征进行了分析。结果表明:从高原中部东移的高原槽为此次强对流天气过程提供了有利的天气形势,地面辐合线和地形抬升共同触发此次强对流天气;700 hPa低空急流输送的暖湿水汽及其在暴雨区的辐合为强降水的发生提供了水汽和不稳定能量,上冷下暖的平流输送进一步增强了大气不稳定度;镶嵌在MCS中缓慢移动的中-β尺度对流风暴是产生局地短历时暴雨的直接系统。  相似文献   

10.
东北冷涡对江淮飑线生成的影响研究   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
利用常规气象资料、自动站资料、卫星和雷达资料以及NCEP再分析资料,对近10年东北冷涡天气背景下强对流天气过程的物理机制和中尺度特征进行了分析,并重点分析了在东北冷涡背景下,2009年6月3、5和14日在黄淮和江淮地区分别产生飑线并造成大范围雷雨大风、冰雹等强对流天气。结果表明,在东北冷涡发展阶段,即温压结构不对称、大气斜压性强时,冷涡的西、西南、南至东南部容易发生雷雨大风、冰雹等强对流天气。在东北冷涡形势下,飑线生成时具备以下特征:(1)存在明显的中尺度气旋式环流,850 hPa、925 hPa和地面有辐合线或干线存在;(2)静力不稳定,中低层温度直减率大;(3)风垂直切变强,风随高度强烈顺转,400~500 hPa有西风急流存在,且与强对流天气的发生区域紧密相关;(4)伴随着飑线发展,在飑线后侧有显著升压,雷暴高压的强弱不仅指示了飑线发展的不同阶段,同时可作为地面大风预报的参考依据;(5)飑线的移动与对流回波的传播、出流边界和引导气流密切相关。  相似文献   

11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics.  相似文献   

12.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.  相似文献   

13.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.  相似文献   

14.
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.  相似文献   

15.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d.  相似文献   

16.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region.  相似文献   

17.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms.  相似文献   

18.
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on  相似文献   

19.
Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.  相似文献   

20.
The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.  相似文献   

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