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1.
淮河上游短时强降水天气学分型与物理诊断量阈值初探 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用常规高空、地面气象观测资料和NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料,对2001—2010年淮河上游短时强降水过程进行中尺度天气分析和物理量场诊断。然后,根据该区域短时强降水的环流形势和主要影响系统,将短时强降水过程分为副高边缘型、低槽型和台风倒槽型,其中副高边缘型又分为副高和低槽共同影响型、副高控制型和下滑槽副高型,归纳各类短时强降水天气系统配置模型,并提炼出表征短时强降水天气的物理量阈值。结果表明,淮河上游77.8%的短时强降水与西太平洋副热带高压有关,中低层多有急流、切变线和低涡,地面影响系统多为倒槽、辐合线和弱冷锋。短时强降水发生在低层辐合、高层辐散、低层正涡度以及中层上升运动的动力条件下;中低层有较强暖湿空气输送,湿区深厚,强降水发生在假相当位温(θse)大值区顶部;0℃层高度较高,中层风切变小,低层风切变较大,有利于短时强降水发生。 相似文献
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《青海气象》2017,(3)
通过对2006-2012年黄南州各地1h降水量≥25mm的短时强降水时空分布及环境场分析。结果表明:短时强降水时空特征为北少南多势态,河南最多,集中发生在7、8月份,一日的16-21时,均为单锋型;短时强降水过程的高空形势为副高边缘型、低涡切变型和西北气流冷平流型三种类型,其中副高边缘型强降水是黄南州主要高空环流形式,发生在冷锋前的暖区里;短时强降水天气过程开始前及发生时地面至中空湿度近似饱和,温度露点差小于4℃,触发短时强降水的冷空气侵入不同,副高边缘型温度场反应对流层中低层暖脊控制,对流层低层到地面有弱冷空气侵入,低涡切变型是对流层低层强冷空气的侵入,西北气流型是对流层中层冷空气入侵,对流层低层为暖空气控制;降水区一般在高空西风急流轴的南侧,高空西风急流出口区右侧存在辐散上升气流,有利于强对流天气的形成,低空显著气流为强降水区提供足够的水汽及不稳定层结的建立和维持;地面中尺度辐合线是强降水的中尺度影响系统;总结出短时强降水中尺度概念模型。 相似文献
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利用青海52个地面气象站小时降水并结合常规观测资料和NCEP FNL再分析资料,使用K-means聚类法和合成分析方法,将青海的短时强降水天气环流形势配置划分为西风气流型、副热带高压型和高原低涡切变型。结果表明：（1）青海短时强降水发生在95°E以东地区,中心在东南部;主要出现在5-9月,8月最多,7月次之;每日17:00-2:00（北京时）出现站次多。（2）西风气流型的影响系统是高空槽和平直西风短波槽,高低空风垂直切变引起的动力不稳定导致短时强降水发生;副热带高压型是以低层偏南或偏东暖湿气流引起的热力不稳定造成短时强降水;高原低涡切变型是高原加热及弱冷空气活动使得低层锋区加强触发短时强降水。（3）合成分析表明：对流层高层的南亚高压和副热带西风急流,对流层中低层的短波槽、冷式和暖式辐合切变线,偏南暖湿气流,高原加热场等是短时强降水发生的主要影响系统。（4）来自印度季风低压偏南方向的水汽、西太平洋副热带高压东南方向的水汽、西风带高空槽西北方向的水汽在青海东部形成水汽辐合区,有利于短时强降水发生。 相似文献
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北京地区酸雨的天气影响因素及降水化学特征分析 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
对北京市2003-2009年的全市性酸雨过程进行研究,分析了影响北京地区酸雨的主要天气系统,并结合气流后向轨迹分析和上甸子站酸雨离子成分浓度分析,得到如下结论:影响北京地区酸雨的天气系统主要为低涡低槽型、西来槽型和副高边缘型天气系统.3种天气系统对应的降水平均pH值均小于4.5,达到强酸雨水平.降水前北京地区受持续的偏南风影响、上升运动的强度较强且维持时间较长,降水前出现逆温现象,都是导致北京地区出现强酸雨的重要因素.对北京大气污染有影响的气流轨迹在低涡低槽、西来槽和副高边缘型天气系统的比例分别为59％、74％和66％.西来槽型天气系统的电导率K值与水溶性离子浓度明显高于低涡低槽型和副高边缘型. 相似文献
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《高原气象》2021,40(3):510-524
利用2011-2020年6-8月全国2400个地面自动站观测的逐小时降水资料和常规观测,结合美国NCEP/NCAR 1°×1°的6 h间隔再分析资料,基于站点统计了冷涡背景下东北地区短时强降水的时空分布特征。然后着眼降水落区,基于冷涡位置、形状、发展阶段以及与热带系统的相互作用等将冷涡短时强降水分为西北气流型、纬向型、南涡型、副高型和经向型,并讨论了5类短时强降水的对流参数特征。结果表明:6月,冷涡短时强降水多由中涡造成,7月和8月主要由北涡引起。短时强降水主要发生在午后,17:00(北京时)达到峰值。冷涡短时强降水高频区位于辽宁,次高频区位于吉林中部、黑龙江中西部和东北部。不同类型的短时强降水,其降水落区在冷涡不同发展阶段有所差异。冷涡短时强降水发生在条件不稳定的大气中,西北气流型、纬向型和经向型短时强降水的850 hPa与500 hPa温差一般大于25℃;副高型和南涡型短时强降水的850 hPa与500 hPa温差一般小于24℃,但地面露点和可降水量明显比其他3类大。5类短时强降水的对流有效位能一般不超过1500 J·kg~(-1)。大多数情况下,副高型短时强降水发生在中等强度的垂直风切变环境中,其他4类发生在弱的垂直风切变环境中。 相似文献
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强对流天气形势聚类分析中SOM方法应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用2001—2008年5—9月京津冀地区175个气象站危险天气报、灾情报告及NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料,采用自组织特征映射方法（SOM）对该地区5—9月的天气形势进行客观聚类分型,并对各型的环流特征及其主要造成的强对流天气类型进行分析。结果表明：①天气形势主要有4类：以短时强降水为主的暖湿切变型,主要出现在7、8月;以冰雹天气为主伴随短时强降水和雷暴大风的冷涡型,主要出现在6、7月;以雷暴大风为主的西北气流型,主要出现在5月;以雷暴大风和短时强降水为主的西风槽型,主要是出现在6、9月。②暖湿切变型主要特征是低层为暖湿气流和充足的水汽输送、中层为西风气流;冷涡型中高层有较强偏北气流的干冷空气侵入和低层有较好的水汽条件;西北气流型中高层有强烈的干冷空气侵入和强垂直风切变;西风槽型的动力、热力条件都较弱。③西北气流型和冷涡型出现强对流天气的频率最高,达65%以上,暖湿切变型次之,西风槽型最低。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(4):227
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. 相似文献
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Connections between the Eurasian teleconnection and concurrent variation of upper-level jets over East Asia 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The variation of the East Asian jet stream(EAJS) associated with the Eurasian(EU) teleconnection pattern is investigated using 60-yr NCEP–NCAR daily reanalysis data over the period 1951–2010. The EAJS consists of three components: the polar front jet(PFJ); the plateau subtropical jet(PSJ); and the ocean subtropical jet(OSJ). Of these three jets over East Asia,the EU pattern exhibits a significant influence on the PFJ and OSJ. There is a simultaneous negative correlation between the EU pattern and the PFJ. A significant positive correlation is found between the EU pattern and the OSJ when the EU pattern leads the OSJ by about 5 days. There is no obvious correlation between the EU pattern and the PSJ. The positive EU phase is accompanied by a weakened and poleward-shifted PFJ, which coincides with an intensified OSJ. A possible mechanism for the variation of the EAJS during different EU phases is explored via analyzing the effects of 10-day high-and low-frequency eddy forcing. The zonal wind tendency due to high-frequency eddy forcing contributes to the simultaneous negative correlation between the EU pattern and the PFJ, as well as the northward/southward shift of the PFJ. High- and low-frequency eddy forcing are both responsible for the positive correlation between the EU pattern and the OSJ, but only high-frequency eddy forcing contributes to the lagged variation of the OSJ relative to the EU pattern. The negative correlation between the EU pattern and winter temperature and precipitation anomalies in China is maintained only when the PFJ and OSJ are out of phase with each other. Thus, the EAJS plays an important role in transmitting the EU signal to winter temperature and precipitation anomalies in China. 相似文献
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By using the gauged rainfall in 160 stations within mainland China and the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, the impacts of anomalous SST in Kuroshio and its extension on precipitation in Northeast China were investigated. The results show that a difference in the meridional circulation such as the East Asia/Pacific teleconnection pattern(EAP)may be responsible for the difference in rainfall between 1998 and 2010. In comparison with 1998, the anomalous meridional circulation pattern in 2010 shifted northeastward, and then the western subtropical high, the mid-latitudinal trough and the northeastern Asia blocking high also shifted northeastward, causing intensified convergence of the cold and warm air masses at the southern region and thus more rainfall in the southwestern region and less in the northwestern region. In 1998, the anomalous cyclone, one component of the meridional pattern, located at the Songhuajiang-Nengjiang River basin, resulted in more rainfall in the majority of the area. The results of observation and the model show that the difference in SSTA in Kuroshio and its extension under the background of different El Ni觡o events is the key point:(1) The anomalous warmth moved westward from the mid-Pacific to the east of the Philippine Sea during the central event, which led the heat resources shifting to the northeast in 2010; subsequently, a shift occurred to the north of the anomalous ascent and decent, followed by a warm SSTA in the region of Kuroshio's extension in 2010 and Kuroshio in 1998.(2) The warm SSTA in the Kuroshio extension causing the Rossby wave activity flux strengthened in 2010, and then the westerly jet shifted northward and extended eastward. A warm SSTA in Kuroshio and cold SSTA in its extension in 1998 caused the westerly jet to shift southward and weaken. As a result,the anomalous anticyclone and cyclone shifted northward in 2010, and the blocking high also shifted northward. 相似文献
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<p>PARTITION OF SEASON BASED ON MULTIELEMENTS AND THE DECADAL CHANGE OF SEASON DURATION IN CHINA</p>
<p>Using the multielements similarity measurement method and 1950–C2017 NCEP/NCAR gridded daily reanalysis datasets, we analyzed season duration in China during 1950–C2016, and we defined the element with maximum absolute sensitivity as the key impact element at each point using the sensitivity analysis method. The decadal change of season duration and its key impact element before and after 1980 were studied. The results indicated obvious meridional and zonal differences in the distribution of season duration for the 67-year average, and that the key impact element has the same distribution characteristics as season duration. In addition, complementary relationships were found between the durations of spring and summer, autumn and winter, and the cold and warm seasons. Of those, the complementary relationship between the durations of spring and summer was strongest and the regions of complementarity were numerous. The complementary regions of autumn and winter durations were found mainly in western China. In the cold and warm seasons, the complementary regions were widespread and the complementary relationship was generally weak. Comparison of the periods before and after 1980 revealed an east–Cwest difference in the interdecadal variation of season duration. Interdecadal variation in spring and summer was found concentrated in northern and western regions, while that in autumn and winter was concentrated in the western region. Areas of significant interdecadal variation of the key elements were found concentrated in northern and western regions, corresponding well with the areas of significant interdecadal variation of season duration.</p> 相似文献
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Understanding potential future influence of environmental, economic, and social drivers on land-use and sustainability is critical for guiding strategic decisions that can help nations adapt to change, anticipate opportunities, and cope with surprises. Using the Land-Use Trade-Offs (LUTO) model, we undertook a comprehensive, detailed, integrated, and quantitative scenario analysis of land-use and sustainability for Australia’s agricultural land from 2013–2050, under interacting global change and domestic policies, and considering key uncertainties. We assessed land use competition between multiple land-uses and assessed the sustainability of economic returns and ecosystem services at high spatial (1.1 km grid cells) and temporal (annual) resolution. We found substantial potential for land-use transition from agriculture to carbon plantings, environmental plantings, and biofuels cropping under certain scenarios, with impacts on the sustainability of economic returns and ecosystem services including food/fibre production, emissions abatement, water resource use, biodiversity services, and energy production. However, the type, magnitude, timing, and location of land-use responses and their impacts were highly dependent on scenario parameter assumptions including global outlook and emissions abatement effort, domestic land-use policy settings, land-use change adoption behaviour, productivity growth, and capacity constraints. With strong global abatement incentives complemented by biodiversity-focussed domestic land-use policy, land-use responses can substantially increase and diversify economic returns to land and produce a much wider range of ecosystem services such as emissions abatement, biodiversity, and energy, without major impacts on agricultural production. However, better governance is needed for managing potentially significant water resource impacts. The results have wide-ranging implications for land-use and sustainability policy and governance at global and domestic scales and can inform strategic thinking and decision-making about land-use and sustainability in Australia. A comprehensive and freely available 26 GB data pack (http://doi.org/10.4225/08/5604A2E8A00CC) provides a unique resource for further research. As similarly nuanced transformational change is also possible elsewhere, our template for comprehensive, integrated, quantitative, and high resolution scenario analysis can support other nations in strategic thinking and decision-making to prepare for an uncertain future. 相似文献
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碳交易政策的经济影响:以广东省为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过构建广东省两区域动态模型,对广东省碳交易及其他政策措施进行定量评估,分析实施可调控总量的碳交易政策机制对广东省及参与交易部门的经济影响。研究结果表明,按照减排情景到2015年广东完成19.5%的碳强度下降目标,相比基准情景,GDP将减少0.7%;按照强减排情景到2015年将完成20.5%的碳强度下降目标,相比基准情景GDP将减少0.9%;如果在强减排情景的基础上实施碳交易政策,GDP相对基准情景减少0.8%,到2015年实施碳交易政策可减少GDP损失约90亿元,说明广东建立碳排放权交易机制能够发挥支持经济发展和节能减碳双赢的作用。 相似文献
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气候变化对中国东部季风区水资源脆弱性的影响评价 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
将耦合暴露度、灾害风险、敏感性与抗压性的脆弱性评估模型应用于中国东部季风区水资源脆弱性评价,从水资源供需平衡角度分析了气候变化对东部季风区水资源脆弱性的影响。结果表明,2000年气候条件下,我国东部季风区接近90%的区域水资源处于中度脆弱及以上状态。其中水资源中度和高度脆弱区域约占全区的75%,极端脆弱区域接近15%。中国北方海河、黄河、淮河和辽河流域的水资源脆弱性最高。未来气候变化影响将加剧水资源脆弱性的风险,不同RCP排放情景下2030年代我国东部季风区水资源中度脆弱及以上区域面积有明显的扩大,极端脆弱区域将达到20%~25%。由于未来需水的进一步增加,中国北方水资源脆弱性的格局并未发生根本变化,而南方东南诸河等区域将面临可能发生的水危机。 相似文献
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气候变化对淮河蒙洼蓄滞洪区启用风险影响评估 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于RCP情景下47个IPCC CMIP5气候模式模拟数据和大尺度水文模型VIC,预估了未来(2021—2050年)气候变化对淮河蒙洼蓄滞洪区启用的可能影响。结果表明:与基准期(1971—2000年)相比,多模式预估淮河上游未来多年平均气温一致呈增加趋势,平均增幅范围0.2~1.7℃。不同模式对降水预估差异较大,但有超过70%的模式预估降水呈增加趋势,平均增幅为3.4%~4.1%。未来气候情景下,王家坝断面洪水总体呈增加趋势,20年一遇的洪水强度平均增幅19%,洪水频率将增大,蒙洼蓄滞洪区启用可能更加频繁,启用的风险加大。 相似文献