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本文利用2013年1月1日~2015年6月30日贵阳市9个环境监测站的6种主要大气污染物(SO2、NO2、O3、PM10、CO、PM2.5)监测数据,分析了贵阳市主要大气污染物的年变化、日变化特征及降水对首要污染物浓度变化的影响。发现SO2、NO2、PM10、CO、PM2.5浓度为单谷型年变化,夏季浓度最低,冬季浓度最高;O3浓度为双峰型年变化,4、10月分别有两个极大值、11~2月与7月分别为两个极小值;SO2、NO2、PM10、CO、PM2.5浓度日变化呈双峰型特征;O3浓度日变化为单峰型特征;郊区SO2、NO2、PM10、CO、PM2.5日平均浓度低于市区,而郊区O3日平均浓度高于市区。降水对O3的湿清除效果不好,对其余大气污染物的湿清除效果较好,尤其夜间降水对颗粒污染物(PM2.5、PM10)的清除效果优于白天降水,但会使O3浓度明显上升。 相似文献
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通过对淳安2013年全年的大气颗粒物PM2.5和PM10资料统计分析,得出该地区PM2.5和PM10质量浓度的季节变化、日变化特征以及气象因子对其的影响。结果表明:2013年淳安PM2.5年平均浓度为国家标准的1.2倍,PM10年平均浓度优于国家标准;PM2.5和PM10均具有明显的季节变化特征,表现为冬季秋季春季夏季;并且均呈现双峰型的日变化特征,二者出现峰值的时间基本一致,PM2.5和PM10峰值出现在18:00,次峰值出现在08:00,谷值均出现在14:00,主要与边界层变化和人为活动有关;PM2.5和PM10变化存在明显的线性关系。降水对颗粒物浓度影响较大,能有效降低颗粒物质量浓度。 相似文献
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利用GRIMM180气溶胶粒谱分析仪采集乌鲁木齐市PM10、PM2.5和PM1.0数据,研究表明:乌鲁木齐市气溶胶颗粒物质量浓度在进入采暖季后急剧增加,冬季颗粒物中细粒子含量最高,PM2.5/PM10可达77.6%,PM2.5/PM10,PM1.0/PM10,PM1.0/PM2.5三比值体现了颗粒物的分布特征,四季污染程度越高,细粒子含量越高。四季无降水日PM10、PM2.5、PM1.0的质量浓度和分布的日变化基本呈三峰三谷型,出现早—午—晚峰值,上午—下午—午夜后谷值,各季节峰谷值具体出现时间略有差别,由于冬季逆温层顶盖等因素的影响,冬季质量浓度和分布的日变化在此基础上多了两次波动。降水的发生对冬、春季质量浓度的影响大于夏、秋季,对不同粒径段粒子的分布影响有一定差别。 相似文献
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利用福州市PM2.5、PM10和气象资料,分析PM2.5、PM2.5/PM10的分布特征及与气象条件的关系。结果表明:福州市细粒子污染程度较轻,春季PM2.5和PM2.5/PM10值均是四季中最高的,其次是冬季,夏季最低;影响PM2.5浓度出现高值的天气系统有:暖区辐合与高空槽前、大陆高压后部和暖区降水三种系统,其中暖区降水天气形势下的PM2.5平均浓度最高,超标率为25.5%;影响PM2.5浓度出现低值的天气系统有:冷高压脊、高压底部和高空槽后,副热带高压及边缘,台风(热带辐合带)及外围系统,在后两种天气系统影响下的PM2.5平均浓度最低,超标率为0;剔除因降水、雾等低能见度个例,PM2.5浓度与能见度的相关系数为-0.626,冬春季的相关系数是夏秋季的1.4倍;PM2.5浓度与单一气象要素(如温度、相对湿度、风速等)相关性不明显,但不同季节、不同气象要素变化的组合对PM2.5浓度有直接影响。 相似文献
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《干旱气象》2016,(2)
利用2013~2014年石家庄逐小时PM2.5监测浓度与地面及探空等气象观测资料,从大气的垂直扩散、水平扩散和地面局地环流等方面,探讨气象条件对PM2.5浓度的定量影响关系。结果表明:(1)石家庄PM2.5浓度具有明显的日、月和季节变化特征,早晨08时前后PM2.5浓度最高,下午16时前后浓度最低;冬季PM2.5浓度最高,夏季最低;(2)2 a共出现485 d逆温,其中10~12月出现频率最多,达82.8%~86.2%,逆温致使低层大气垂直运动受阻,不利于污染物扩散;(3)大气混合层高度与PM2.5浓度呈反相关,PM2.5浓度75μg/m3(空气质量优良),对应大气混合层高度平均为1 448 m,而PM2.5浓度≥150μg/m3(空气重污染)的混合层高度降到878 m;(4)受地形影响,石家庄地面风与边界层附近风对污染物的影响明显不同:925 h Pa西南风、地面偏东风不利于污染物扩散;925 h Pa西北风、地面偏西风有利于污染物浓度降低。925 h Pa风速4 m/s、地面偏西风风速2 m/s、地面偏东风风速3 m/s,有利于污染物扩散;(5)降水对污染物有湿清除作用,清除量不仅与降水量有关,还与前期PM2.5浓度有关,且冬季降雪过程对PM2.5的清除作用是降雨的4倍。 相似文献
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利用2008-2017年大气颗粒物质量浓度资料和逐日地面气象观测资料,统计分析了丹东市大气颗粒物质量浓度时间变化特征及其与气象要素的关系。结果表明:2008-2017年丹东市大气颗粒物质量浓度年际变化具有一定的波动性,其中2015-2017年大气颗粒物污染状况持续改善明显;质量浓度月和季节变化特征明显,1月和12月最高、7月最低,冬季最高、夏季最低,非汛期显著高于汛期,供暖期显著高于非供暖期;非汛期大气颗粒物质量浓度超标日相较达标日,气温和能见度偏低,降水偏少,风速偏小;非汛期PM2.5、PM1质量浓度与相对湿度呈显著正相关,与风速呈显著负相关,汛期PM2.5、PM1质量浓度与风速呈显著负相关;PM2.5、PM1质量浓度春、秋、冬季与风速的负相关性最显著,冬季与相对湿度的正相关性也十分显著。 相似文献
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利用南阳市1995-2005年大气能见度和地面气象要素的观测资料及南阳市环境检测站提供的近3 a空气污染物监测数据,统计分析了近10 a南阳市大气能见度变化特征及其与气象要素和空气污染物的关系,结果表明:南阳市能见度年际变化呈缓慢波动上升趋势,夏秋季节2001年之后呈波动下降趋势;冬季能见度最低,春季最高;能见度月变化呈双峰型,第一个峰值在5月份,第二个峰值在9月份;一日之中,08时能见度最差,14时最好.能见度与同期气象要素及污染物浓度的相关分析表明,能见度与相对湿度、空气污染物PM10浓度呈显著性负相关,与NO2、SO2浓度负相关性较弱,与风速和气压呈弱的正相关,与温度的相关性较为复杂,雾是影响能见度的主要天气现象之一. 相似文献
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文雯 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2019,13(1):21-28
为了分析空气质量状况及其与大气水汽的关系,基于四川盆地西部的成都市近年来污染天气频发的现状,利用2015年成都市环境监测中心提供的环境空气质量指数资料和温江国家基准气候站提供的大气水汽探空资料,首先分析了成都空气质量变化特征,进一步结合成都L波段探空水汽数据,初步研究了成都空气质量与大气水汽的关系。结果表明：2015年成都单日空气质量指数（AQI）最高值为309,达到严重污染级别;AQI年分布特征是冬季最高,夏季最低;首要污染物最多的是PM2.5。春、夏季,大气可降水量（PWV）与臭氧质量浓度在5—8月呈显著负相关;秋、冬季,PWV与PM2.5及PM10质量浓度在1月、10—11月呈显著正相关,其中水汽对PM2.5浓度影响较大的时段出现在1月和10月。 相似文献
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海口市PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)和PM_1质量浓度的变化特征分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用2013年在海口市气象局地面气象观测站采集的PM10、PM2.5和PM1质量浓度数据,分析了2013年可吸入颗粒物质量浓度的变化特征,并对其成因进行了初步分析。结果表明:2013年海口市PM10、PM2.5和PM1质量浓度的变化趋势基本相同,PM10、PM2.5质量浓度的超标率低,达到一级标准的概率分别为74.0%和68.8%,超过2级标准的天数分别为1和9 d,ρ(PM2.5)/ρ(PM10)与ρ(PM1)/ρ(PM2.5)的比例平均分别为78.1%和85.1%;海口PM10、PM2.5和PM1质量浓度冬季最高,夏季最低,春、秋两季处于冬夏之间;PM10、PM2.5和PM1质量浓度的日变化呈双峰现象,一个峰出现在上午,一个峰出现在夜间;颗粒物质量浓度的变化主要受到气象条件和污染物排放的影响。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(4):227
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. 相似文献
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Connections between the Eurasian teleconnection and concurrent variation of upper-level jets over East Asia 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The variation of the East Asian jet stream(EAJS) associated with the Eurasian(EU) teleconnection pattern is investigated using 60-yr NCEP–NCAR daily reanalysis data over the period 1951–2010. The EAJS consists of three components: the polar front jet(PFJ); the plateau subtropical jet(PSJ); and the ocean subtropical jet(OSJ). Of these three jets over East Asia,the EU pattern exhibits a significant influence on the PFJ and OSJ. There is a simultaneous negative correlation between the EU pattern and the PFJ. A significant positive correlation is found between the EU pattern and the OSJ when the EU pattern leads the OSJ by about 5 days. There is no obvious correlation between the EU pattern and the PSJ. The positive EU phase is accompanied by a weakened and poleward-shifted PFJ, which coincides with an intensified OSJ. A possible mechanism for the variation of the EAJS during different EU phases is explored via analyzing the effects of 10-day high-and low-frequency eddy forcing. The zonal wind tendency due to high-frequency eddy forcing contributes to the simultaneous negative correlation between the EU pattern and the PFJ, as well as the northward/southward shift of the PFJ. High- and low-frequency eddy forcing are both responsible for the positive correlation between the EU pattern and the OSJ, but only high-frequency eddy forcing contributes to the lagged variation of the OSJ relative to the EU pattern. The negative correlation between the EU pattern and winter temperature and precipitation anomalies in China is maintained only when the PFJ and OSJ are out of phase with each other. Thus, the EAJS plays an important role in transmitting the EU signal to winter temperature and precipitation anomalies in China. 相似文献
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<p>PARTITION OF SEASON BASED ON MULTIELEMENTS AND THE DECADAL CHANGE OF SEASON DURATION IN CHINA</p>
<p>Using the multielements similarity measurement method and 1950–C2017 NCEP/NCAR gridded daily reanalysis datasets, we analyzed season duration in China during 1950–C2016, and we defined the element with maximum absolute sensitivity as the key impact element at each point using the sensitivity analysis method. The decadal change of season duration and its key impact element before and after 1980 were studied. The results indicated obvious meridional and zonal differences in the distribution of season duration for the 67-year average, and that the key impact element has the same distribution characteristics as season duration. In addition, complementary relationships were found between the durations of spring and summer, autumn and winter, and the cold and warm seasons. Of those, the complementary relationship between the durations of spring and summer was strongest and the regions of complementarity were numerous. The complementary regions of autumn and winter durations were found mainly in western China. In the cold and warm seasons, the complementary regions were widespread and the complementary relationship was generally weak. Comparison of the periods before and after 1980 revealed an east–Cwest difference in the interdecadal variation of season duration. Interdecadal variation in spring and summer was found concentrated in northern and western regions, while that in autumn and winter was concentrated in the western region. Areas of significant interdecadal variation of the key elements were found concentrated in northern and western regions, corresponding well with the areas of significant interdecadal variation of season duration.</p> 相似文献
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By using the gauged rainfall in 160 stations within mainland China and the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, the impacts of anomalous SST in Kuroshio and its extension on precipitation in Northeast China were investigated. The results show that a difference in the meridional circulation such as the East Asia/Pacific teleconnection pattern(EAP)may be responsible for the difference in rainfall between 1998 and 2010. In comparison with 1998, the anomalous meridional circulation pattern in 2010 shifted northeastward, and then the western subtropical high, the mid-latitudinal trough and the northeastern Asia blocking high also shifted northeastward, causing intensified convergence of the cold and warm air masses at the southern region and thus more rainfall in the southwestern region and less in the northwestern region. In 1998, the anomalous cyclone, one component of the meridional pattern, located at the Songhuajiang-Nengjiang River basin, resulted in more rainfall in the majority of the area. The results of observation and the model show that the difference in SSTA in Kuroshio and its extension under the background of different El Ni觡o events is the key point:(1) The anomalous warmth moved westward from the mid-Pacific to the east of the Philippine Sea during the central event, which led the heat resources shifting to the northeast in 2010; subsequently, a shift occurred to the north of the anomalous ascent and decent, followed by a warm SSTA in the region of Kuroshio's extension in 2010 and Kuroshio in 1998.(2) The warm SSTA in the Kuroshio extension causing the Rossby wave activity flux strengthened in 2010, and then the westerly jet shifted northward and extended eastward. A warm SSTA in Kuroshio and cold SSTA in its extension in 1998 caused the westerly jet to shift southward and weaken. As a result,the anomalous anticyclone and cyclone shifted northward in 2010, and the blocking high also shifted northward. 相似文献
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Understanding potential future influence of environmental, economic, and social drivers on land-use and sustainability is critical for guiding strategic decisions that can help nations adapt to change, anticipate opportunities, and cope with surprises. Using the Land-Use Trade-Offs (LUTO) model, we undertook a comprehensive, detailed, integrated, and quantitative scenario analysis of land-use and sustainability for Australia’s agricultural land from 2013–2050, under interacting global change and domestic policies, and considering key uncertainties. We assessed land use competition between multiple land-uses and assessed the sustainability of economic returns and ecosystem services at high spatial (1.1 km grid cells) and temporal (annual) resolution. We found substantial potential for land-use transition from agriculture to carbon plantings, environmental plantings, and biofuels cropping under certain scenarios, with impacts on the sustainability of economic returns and ecosystem services including food/fibre production, emissions abatement, water resource use, biodiversity services, and energy production. However, the type, magnitude, timing, and location of land-use responses and their impacts were highly dependent on scenario parameter assumptions including global outlook and emissions abatement effort, domestic land-use policy settings, land-use change adoption behaviour, productivity growth, and capacity constraints. With strong global abatement incentives complemented by biodiversity-focussed domestic land-use policy, land-use responses can substantially increase and diversify economic returns to land and produce a much wider range of ecosystem services such as emissions abatement, biodiversity, and energy, without major impacts on agricultural production. However, better governance is needed for managing potentially significant water resource impacts. The results have wide-ranging implications for land-use and sustainability policy and governance at global and domestic scales and can inform strategic thinking and decision-making about land-use and sustainability in Australia. A comprehensive and freely available 26 GB data pack (http://doi.org/10.4225/08/5604A2E8A00CC) provides a unique resource for further research. As similarly nuanced transformational change is also possible elsewhere, our template for comprehensive, integrated, quantitative, and high resolution scenario analysis can support other nations in strategic thinking and decision-making to prepare for an uncertain future. 相似文献
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Characterization and source apportionment of volatile organic compounds in urban and suburban Tianjin,China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Tianjin is the third largest megacity and the fastest growth area in China, and consequently faces the problems of surface ozone and haze episodes. This study measures and characterizes volatile organic compounds(VOCs), which are ozone precursors, to identify their possible sources and evaluate their contribution to ozone formation in urban and suburban Tianjin,China during the Ha Chi(Haze in China) summer campaign in 2009. A total of 107 species of ambient VOCs were detected,and the average concentrations of VOCs at urban and suburban sites were 92 and 174 ppbv, respectively. Of those, 51 species of VOCs were extracted to analyze the possible VOC sources using positive matrix factorization. The identified sources of VOCs were significantly related to vehicular activities, which specifically contributed 60% to urban and 42% to suburban VOCs loadings in Tianjin. Industrial emission was the second most prominent source of ambient VOCs in both urban and suburban areas, although the contribution of industry in the suburban area(36%) was much higher than that at the urban area(16%). We conclude that controlling vehicle emissions should be a top priority for VOC reduction, and that fast industrialization and urbanization causes air pollution to be more complex due to the combined emission of VOCs from industry and daily life, especially in suburban areas. 相似文献
20.
气候变化对中国东部季风区水资源脆弱性的影响评价 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
将耦合暴露度、灾害风险、敏感性与抗压性的脆弱性评估模型应用于中国东部季风区水资源脆弱性评价,从水资源供需平衡角度分析了气候变化对东部季风区水资源脆弱性的影响。结果表明,2000年气候条件下,我国东部季风区接近90%的区域水资源处于中度脆弱及以上状态。其中水资源中度和高度脆弱区域约占全区的75%,极端脆弱区域接近15%。中国北方海河、黄河、淮河和辽河流域的水资源脆弱性最高。未来气候变化影响将加剧水资源脆弱性的风险,不同RCP排放情景下2030年代我国东部季风区水资源中度脆弱及以上区域面积有明显的扩大,极端脆弱区域将达到20%~25%。由于未来需水的进一步增加,中国北方水资源脆弱性的格局并未发生根本变化,而南方东南诸河等区域将面临可能发生的水危机。 相似文献