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1.
关于ENSO事件及其对中国气候影响研究的综述   总被引:48,自引:15,他引:33  
许武成  马劲松  王文 《气象科学》2005,25(2):212-220
Nino指数和SOI是表征ENSO事件的两个主要特征值。根据Nino 3.4区指数变化,1950年以来共发生15次El Nino事件和11次LaNina事件。El Nino年,热带中、东太平洋上的岛屿及沿岸国家多暴雨洪涝,印度、印度尼西亚、澳大利亚等国家发生持续干旱,中国东北地区夏、秋季降水及年降水都偏少,江南地区降水偏多;太平洋和大西洋地区发生的热带风暴以及登陆中国的台风数都比常年偏少;加拿大西南部和美国北部暖冬,东亚夏季低温,中国常出现暖冬凉夏。La Nina年则基本上相反,赤道太平洋中、东部地区干旱少雨,西太平洋上的台风和大西洋飓风及登陆中国的台风明显增多,中国汛期主要雨带偏北,易出现热夏寒冬。  相似文献   

2.
60年代后期以来,尤其进入80年代,全球气候显著增暖,但从北半球以至我国来看,此种增暖主要出现于冬季,而在盛夏的东亚—西非季风雨带却呈现出明显南移趋势。经严格统计检验并获得数值试验的支持,发现此种南移趋势及伴随的华北和Sahel区雨量的减少,与北半球—我国晴空太阳直接辐射的减少趋势有关。后者的出现是近年来火山活动频繁和大气污染加剧综合作用的结果。  相似文献   

3.
基于美国哥伦比亚大学Lamont—Doherty地球观象台LDEO(Lamont—DohertyEarth Observatory)海表温度资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析风场资料,分析了1997/1998年El Nino3期间西太平洋暖池海表温度和西风距平的时间演变特征,同时也分析了东太平洋暖池海表温度和北风距平的时间演变特征。结果表明,1997/1998年El Nino3事件期间,西太平洋暖池海表温度变化及异常西风和东太平洋暖池海表温度变化及异常北风都与Nino3指数变化密切相关。将东、西太平洋暖池及异常北风、西风一并结合起来考虑,进一步研究了1997/1998年El Nino3事件发生、发展的可能机制:异常西风驱动西太平洋暖池东端暖水向东伸展直接有利于赤道东太平洋海表温度增加;异常西风激发东传的暖Kelvin波对东太平洋的冷上升流有抑制作用,从而有利于赤道东太平洋海表温度增加;东传的异常西风可以通过埃克曼漂流效应将赤道两侧的海表暖水向赤道辐合从而加强了赤道附近的下沉流,也有利于赤道东太平洋赤道附近海表温度增加。几乎与此同时,北风距平通过产生北风吹流将东太平洋暖池暖水由北向南输送至赤道附近直接导致Nino3区海表温度增加。上述增温因素的叠加作用共同导致了1997/1998年El Nino事件迅速发生、异常强大。  相似文献   

4.
厄·尼诺、南方涛动与瓦克环流   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
引言国外关于赤道太平洋海温的报告指出,1982-83年是一个强烈的厄·尼诺(El Nino)年,赤道东太平洋水温异常的高。而近年来许多研究都证明这种现象与广大太平洋以至南北半球很大范围的大气环流均有密切关系。因此人们都很关心厄·尼诺的发展及其可能产生的后果。为了对这种现象的发生发展及其与大气环流及气候的联系有一个比较系统的了解,我们对有关的工作做了一个初步的分析,这里进行综合的介绍。厄·尼诺厄·尼诺指厄瓜多尔、秘鲁沿岸出现的异常高水温。近年来的许多研究证实,它对低纬的大气环  相似文献   

5.
赤道东太平洋海温与南海热带风暴频数的相关关系   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
根据1949—1987年的赤道东太平洋海温和热带气旋资料,分别分析了在南海形成的热带风暴频数和影响南海的热带风暴频数(包括南海形成和由西太平洋移入南海)与赤道东太平洋海温的时滞相关关系,统计了海温暖期(El Nino)和冷期(反El Nino)与以上两类热带风暴频数的联系。初步结果表明,赤道东太平洋海温与影响南海的热带风暴频数之间,同期为负相关(-0.30)风暴晚于海温17个月时出现正相关极大值(+0.29);赤道东太平洋海温与南海形成的热带风暴频数之间的相关有所不同,最大相关(+0.38)出现在热带风暴   相似文献   

6.
经向风应力在热带不稳定海气相互作用中的角色   总被引:10,自引:5,他引:10       下载免费PDF全文
利用1951-2000年北太平洋海温和副高特征量资料,探讨夏半年副高与前期海温的关系,发现影响副高活动的海温关键区赤道东太平洋前期信息最明显,从前期秋季持续至春季都保持与夏半年各月副高强度、西伸脊点位置的高相关;ENS0事件的形成超前于副高强度的转折约半年时间;El Nino年副高持续偏强偏西,La Nina年则相反,脊线位置也有所反映,但不如强度与西伸显著。在此基础上进一步分析表明,福建雨季降水、副高强度与Nino 3区海温存在着大约相一致的年代际振荡与突变时间;雨季降水分布的异常直接受到副高活动的影响,而副高活动又明显受ENS0循环的制约,因而关注赤道东太平洋海温异常及ENS0信息对福建雨季降水分布趋势的预测旦有重要意义。  相似文献   

7.
冬半年北半球大气对赤道东太平洋海温的响应   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
蒋全荣 《气象科学》1989,9(3):255-262
分析表明,亦道东太平洋海温与北半球中太平洋海温有着不同的变化特征。冬半年大气对赤道东太平洋海温的响应表现为不同于PNA的呈纬向分布的模态结构。夏半年赤道东太平洋海温的强的“记忆”能力对长期天气趋势预报有一定的意义。  相似文献   

8.
用数值试验的方法,分别以无热源型、El Nino初期、El Nino成熟期对应的赤道中东太平洋与赤道印度洋海表温度作为外强迫源,应用强迫耗散准地转正压涡度方程的全球谱模式,考虑了摩擦耗散及3波准共振的共同作用,采用非定常、定常加热两种形式积分90d,研究了对中高纬大气低频振荡的调频作用。结果表明:(1)3个行星波之间存在很强的波-波相互作用,且波动振荡呈现准双周和季节内振荡;(2)在El Nino初期和El Nino成熟期,无论是赤道中东太平洋海温还是赤道印度洋海温在逐渐增暖的过程中,大气低频振荡周期都有缩短的趋势。1997年2月-1997年4月,赤道印度洋调节作用强;而在1998年5月,赤道中东太平洋调节作用强;(3)赤道印度洋西区对大气低频振荡的调节作用要强于赤道印度洋东区;Nino3区对大气低频振荡的调节作用要强于Ninol+2区;(4)太平洋-印度洋海温异常模态在1997年10月为高指数(简称PIMI一型),在1996年9月为低指数(简称PIMI二型),前者对应的东太平洋-西印度洋区对大气的调频作用要大于后者对应的西太平洋一东印度洋区。  相似文献   

9.
李威  翟盘茂 《气象》2007,33(2):29-33
文章分析了1950年以来赤道南美沿岸海表温度变化特点,发现1999年以来,Nino1+2区海表温度的年变化振幅呈增大趋势,使得赤道东太平洋东北地区每年出现周期性降温,这主要是由秋季月平均SST最低值偏低造成,这种长时间持续偏低是1950年以来首次出现。进一步的分析表明,近年来南美沿岸海表温度在秋季的周期性下降可能对ENS0暖事件发生产生了影响,使得2002/2003ENS0暖事件成为20世纪50年代以粜由玲事件向瞎事件转换历时最长的一次.  相似文献   

10.
热带太平洋地区海气系统的耦合振荡   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
本文讨论了东太平洋赤道海温和太平洋月平均云量距平的关系,结果表明:(1)东太平洋赤道海温距平和中太平洋赤道云量距平有很好的正相关,而与东、西太平洋赤道云量距平有很好负相关。所以太平洋赤道上空应该存在二个距平的东西向环流。(2)云和海温存在周期为34—38个月的耦合振荡,我们提出了云-辐射-海温机制来作解释。(3)在东太平洋海温暖水月的前12个月到后6个月期间,东太平洋赤道云量是负距平的(即偏少),这表明此期间可能是大气在影响海洋,亦即Walker环流影响海温变化,而不是海温影响了Walker 环流。海温和Walker环流是相互作用的,这种相互作用组成了大气和海洋之间的一种耦合振荡。(4)东太平洋海温、中太平洋云和北半球中、西太平洋信风亦有很好的相关。  相似文献   

11.
春季赤道东太平洋海温异常与东亚夏季风的关系   总被引:9,自引:3,他引:6  
定义了新的东亚季风指数,分析表明该季风指数能够更好地反映西太平洋副高的季节变化和年际变化。以此为基础讨论了春季赤道东太平洋海温异常、夏季西太平洋副高及东亚夏季风三者之是的关系,指出春季赤道东太平洋海温偏暖年,夏季西太平洋副高偏南、偏强、偏西,东亚夏季风偏弱,长江流域夏季多雨,华南、河套及其以东地区少雨;春季赤道东太平洋海温偏冷年则反之。  相似文献   

12.
Proposed are a set of new regional flood/drought indices and a scheme of grading their severity whereby 1951-2000 summer wet/dry events are investigated for North China (NC) in terms of 160 station monthly precipitation data from NCC (China National Center of Climate).Results suggest that 7 heavy droughts during 1951-2000 are 1965,1968,1972,1980,1983,1997 and 1999,while 6 heavy floods are 1954,1956,1959,1964,1973 and 1996. Based on 1951-2000 summer flood/drought severity graded by the new scheme,atmospheric circulation characteristics associated with the disasters over the NC are addressed in terms of monthly NCEP (National Centers for Environmental Prediction) reanalysis of geopotential heights,winds,surface temperature and PW (precipitable water).Evidences suggest that prominent anomalies benefiting to the heavy droughts occur over the Northern Hemisphere.The variations over middle-high latitudes especially the negative ones on Ural Mountain to western Siberia deepen the normal trough there and are indicative of stronger than normal cold air activity. At middle latitudes,remarkable positive anomalies present on the south to Baikal lead to the fact that the normal ridge shifts eastward over NC concomitant with anomaly sinking motion in the whole troposphere,which is helpful for the maintenance of the continent high.And the opposed ones over Korea and Japan force the trough moving eastward running against northwestward shifting of the western Pacific subtropical high.In addition,the anomaly west-east pressure gradient at middle latitudes profits northerly flow there.The southerly monsoon flow at low levels is weaker than normal with weak East Asian summer monsoon,and the related water vapor transportation is also weak with deficit PW over NC.Besides,sea surface temperature (SST) rises in the equatorial eastern and central Pacific and associated convective region moves to the east accordingly companied with weak Walker circulation in the droughts.And the opposed situations will occur during the floods.  相似文献   

13.
文中重点分析了中国科学院大气物理研究所LASG最新发展的全球大气环流谱模式(R42L9)与一全球海洋环流模式(T63L30)耦合形成的全球海洋-大气-陆面气候系统模式(GOALS/LASG)新版本已积分30 a的模拟结果,通过与多种观测资料的对比分析,讨论了赤道太平洋海表温度(SST)的年际变化及其纬向传播、赤道东太平洋SST异常与其他洋面SST变化之间的遥相关关系、赤道太平洋浅表层海温的年际变化特征等研究内容.结果表明,COALS模式模拟出了赤道太平洋SST异常出现不规则的年际变化特点;赤道东太平洋SST异常的向西传播过程;赤道太平洋混合层海温变化由西向东、由深层向浅层的传播过程;同时也模拟出了赤道东太平洋SST变化与赤道西太平洋以及与西南太平洋海温之间的反相关关系,与南印度洋和副热带大西洋SST之间的正遥相关关系等实际观测现象.但COALS模式也存在明显的不足,如对赤道东、中太平洋SST异常的年际变化幅度明显偏小,没能模拟出赤道东太平洋的SST变化比赤道中太平洋强的特点;赤道太平洋SST从东向西的传播速度明显比实际观测慢得多,但混合层海温极值变化由西向东的传播速度明显比实际情况快得多;没能模拟出赤道东太平洋SST变化同西北太平洋SST的负相关和北印度洋海温变化的正相关现象,因此也影响了对南亚、东南亚降水年际变化的模拟能力.  相似文献   

14.
Shanghai experienced the longest rainy days in 2018/2019 winter since 1988. The physical cause of such an unusual climate condition was investigated through the diagnosis of observational data. From a seasonal perspective, a long persistent rainy winter was often associated with an El Ni?o condition in the equatorial Pacific. This abnormal oceanic condition induces a remote teleconnection pattern with pronounced low-level southerly anomalies over East China.The wind anomalies transported moisture from tropical oceans and caused persistent rainfall in East Asia. Meanwhile, the local rainfall time series exhibited a strong quasi-biweekly oscillation (QBWO). Three persistent rainy events were identified in the 2018/2019 winter and they all occurred during the active phase of the QBWO. The first two events were associated with a low pressure anomaly west of Shanghai. Southerly anomalies associated with the low pressure system advected high mean moisture into central eastern China, leading to the persistent rainfall there.The third event was associated with a high pressure anomaly in lower troposphere to the east of Shanghai, which induced anomalous southerlies to its west, favoring the occurrence of rainfall in Shanghai. The result suggests the importance of high-frequency variability in affecting seasonal rainfall anomalies.  相似文献   

15.
Shanghai experienced the longest rainy days in 2018/2019 winter since 1988. The physical cause of such an unusual climate condition was investigated through the diagnosis of observational data. From a seasonal perspective, a long persistent rainy winter was often associated with an El Niño condition in the equatorial Pacific. This abnormal oceanic condition induces a remote teleconnection pattern with pronounced low-level southerly anomalies over East China. The wind anomalies transported moisture from tropical oceans and caused persistent rainfall in East Asia. Meanwhile, the local rainfall time series exhibited a strong quasi-biweekly oscillation (QBWO). Three persistent rainy events were identified in the 2018/2019 winter and they all occurred during the active phase of the QBWO. The first two events were associated with a low pressure anomaly west of Shanghai. Southerly anomalies associated with the low pressure system advected high mean moisture into central eastern China, leading to the persistent rainfall there. The third event was associated with a high pressure anomaly in lower troposphere to the east of Shanghai, which induced anomalous southerlies to its west, favoring the occurrence of rainfall in Shanghai. The result suggests the importance of high-frequency variability in affecting seasonal rainfall anomalies.  相似文献   

16.
The present study reveals cross-season connections of rainfall variability in the South China Sea (SCS) region between winter and summer. Rainfall anomalies over northern South China Sea in boreal summer tend to be preceded by the same sign rainfall anomalies over southern South China Sea in boreal winter (denoted as in-phase relation) and succeeded by opposite sign rainfall anomalies over southern South China Sea in the following winter (denoted as out-of-phase relation). Analysis shows that the in-phase relation from winter to summer occurs more often in El Niño/La Niña decaying years and the out-of-phase relation from summer to winter appears more frequently in El Niño/La Niña developing years. In the summer during the El Niño/La Niña decaying years, cold/warm and warm/cold sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies develop in tropical central North Pacific and the North Indian Ocean, respectively, forming an east–west contrast pattern. The in-phase relation is associated with the influence of anomalous heating/cooling over the equatorial central Pacific during the mature phase of El Niño/La Niña events that suppresses/enhances precipitation over southern South China Sea and the impact of the above east–west SST anomaly pattern that reduces/increases precipitation over northern South China Sea during the following summer. The impact of the east–west contrast SST anomaly pattern is confirmed by numerical experiments with specified SST anomalies. In the El Niño/La Niña developing years, regional air-sea interactions induce cold/warm SST anomalies in the equatorial western North Pacific. The out-of-phase relation is associated with a Rossby wave type response to anomalous heating/cooling over the equatorial central Pacific during summer and the combined effect of warm/cold SST anomalies in the equatorial central Pacific and cold/warm SST anomalies in the western North Pacific during the mature phase of El Niño/La Niña events.  相似文献   

17.
The results of an analysis of the temporal and spatial distribution of typhoon precipitation influencing Fujian from 1960 to 2005 show that typhoon precipitation in Fujian province occurs from May to November, with the most in August. There has been a decreasing trend since 1960. Typhoon precipitation gradually decreases from the coastal region to the northwestern mainland of Fujian and the maximum typhoon precipitation occurs in the northeast and the south of Fujian. Typhoon torrential rain is one of the extreme rainfall events in Fujian. High frequencies of typhoon torrential rain occur in the coastal and southwest regions of the province. With the impact of Fujian’s terrain, typhoon precipitation occurs more easily to the east of the mountains than to the west. Atmospheric circulation at 500 hPa over Asia and sea surface temperature anomalies of the equatorial eastern Pacific are analyzed, with the finding that they are closely connected with the anomaly of typhoon precipitation influencing Fujian, possibly mainly by modulating the northbound track of typhoons via changing the atmosphere circulation to lead to the anomaly of typhoon precipitation over the province.  相似文献   

18.
华北平原地区夏季严重旱涝特征诊断分析   总被引:48,自引:0,他引:48  
孙安健  高波 《大气科学》2000,24(3):393-402
利用华北平原地区13个站1951~1995年6~8月的降水量资料讨论了该地区发生的严重旱涝特征,发现各有7年出现严重干旱和雨涝。严重干旱主要发生在6、7月份,严重雨涝主要发生在7、8月份。特大旱涝发生最频繁的地带在燕山南麓和太行山东麓。50年代多雨涝,60~80年代多干旱,进入90年代雨涝增多,反映华北平原地区旱涝变化阶段性和群发性。东西伯利亚(或鄂霍茨克海)阻塞高压及亚洲中高纬度东高西低分布的稳定维持,则分别对华北平原的严重干旱与雨涝的形成起着重要的作用。西太平洋副热带高压位置偏北、偏西(偏南、偏东),华北平原地区易发生严重雨涝(干旱)。夏季风偏强(弱)年份,华北平原多发生雨涝(干旱)。 在赤道中东太平洋海温与北太平洋西风漂流区海温处于明显正距平阶段,华北平原地区易分别发生严重干旱与雨涝。  相似文献   

19.
根据1949—1979年逐月资料,指出赤道东太平洋海表温度与西太平洋台风发生频率之间存在明显的时滞遥相关。通过个例对比与长期资料验证,揭露了当赤道东太平洋海表温度较正常为冷(暖)时,西太平洋低纬地区低空东西风辐合区两边的两个反方向的纬圈环流加强(减弱),辐合区两边的东西风加强(减弱),在菲律宾以东台风发生源地上的赤道辐合带(ITCZ)出现频繁(不活跃),因而台风生成偏多(偏少)。  相似文献   

20.
采用NCEP再分析资料,揭示了南海-西太平洋春季对流存在显著的10~30天振荡周期。在年际尺度上,南海-西太平洋春季对流10~30天振荡强度(简称SCSWP_SISO)与南海夏季风爆发日期存在显著的负相关关系。当春季菲律宾和西太平洋海温偏高、赤道太平洋中部及以东地区海温偏低时,索马里、110 °E越赤道气流会加强,南海-西太平洋偏西风加强,产生异常气旋性环流,垂直上升运动增强,水汽异常偏多,东西风切变增强,有利于SCSWP_SISO增强。而SCSWP_SISO增强时,有由南往北、自西向东的异常气旋传播,从而减弱低层副热带高压使之较早撤出南海,南海夏季风得以较早爆发。反之亦然。在不同的年代际背景下,SCSWP_SISO经历了偏弱、较弱和偏强的变化,但影响其变化的因子并不完全一致。在第一阶段(1958—1976年),主导因子是南海-西太平洋冷的海温与异常下沉运动、异常减弱的水汽-对流条件。在第二阶段(1977—1993年),主导因子为中东太平洋异常偏冷的海温以及局地异常减弱的风场垂直切变。在第三阶段(1994—2011年),主导因子为热带海温的整体偏暖、风场垂直切变的增强以及水汽-对流的加强。但随着SCSWP_SISO的年代际增强,其与南海夏季风爆发日期的相关关系却呈现下降趋势。   相似文献   

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