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1.
利用2008—2014年逐小时空间分辨率为0.1°的全国自动站观测降水资料和CMORPH卫星反演降水融合资料,研究了青藏高原(下称高原)夏季降水日变化特征,并探讨了不同持续时间和等级降水对降水量日变化的影响。结果表明,整个高原地区夏季降水量和降水频率的日变化表现出明显的凌晨和傍晚的双峰结构,而降水强度的双峰结构却不太明显。进一步对各分区降水日变化特征的分析发现,高原中西部降水日变化特征与整个高原地区的一致,而高原北部(东部)地区降水量和频率的日峰值出现在傍晚(午夜-凌晨)。降水持续时间对降水量日变化有显著的影响,高原夏季降水量日变化的双峰特征是由短时(1~3 h)和长持续性(6 h以上)降水共同作用造成的,午夜-凌晨(傍晚)的降水日峰值主要是由于长持续性(短时)降水所引起。分析不同等级降水量日变化特征发现,高原北部地区小-大雨(暴雨)的降水量日峰值基本出现在下午(午夜),而高原中西部不同等级降水量的日变化基本都呈现出傍晚和午夜-凌晨的双峰结构,高原东部地区不同等级降水量的日变化形式较一致,日峰值出现在午夜-凌晨。  相似文献   

2.
利用1971—2010年汛期河南省111个观测站的逐小时降水资料,分析了河南省汛期降水的日变化特征。结果表明:河南省汛期降水量和降水频率日峰值均从南向北递减;黄河流域降水量日峰值明显小于淮河流域,南阳盆地的降水量日峰值大多出现在凌晨,豫西山地大多出现在傍晚,豫南大部分地区则出现在下午;豫南地区的降水频率日峰值最大,南阳盆地和豫西山地次之,全省大部分地区降水频率日峰值出现时间集中在上午;降水量、降水频率和降水强度的日变化呈双峰值特征,均在凌晨和傍晚出现峰值,凌晨的峰值最大;长持续性降水对河南省汛期降水量的贡献大于短时降水。  相似文献   

3.
利用1985—2016年5—10月山东半岛地区24个气象观测站逐小时降水资料和2010—2016年5—10月ECMWF逐6 h再分析资料,详细分析了山东半岛夏半年降水的日变化特征。结果表明:(1)山东半岛地区夏半年降水量、降水频率和降水强度的日变化均呈双峰型特征,峰值出现在02:00—05:00和15:00前后,其中降水量和降水频率清晨峰值明显高于下午;(2)长持续性降水对总降水量的贡献大于短持续性降水,前者的日峰值出现在清晨03:00—06:00,后者的主峰出现在15:00—18:00,分别主导总降水量清晨和下午的峰值;(3)小雨对降水总频率的贡献最大,几乎占总频率的一半,而大雨和暴雨对总降水量的贡献更大,故而总降水量主要来自于大雨和暴雨。  相似文献   

4.
新疆夏季降水日变化特征   总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
利用1991-2014年新疆16个国家基准气象站逐时降水资料,分析了新疆夏季不同区域降水日变化基本特征,揭示出新疆夏季降水日变化呈现显著的南、北疆区域差异,有别于我国中东部的一些新事实。结果显示:北疆降水量日变化呈现准单峰型特征,峰值主要发生在傍晚前后(16:00-20:00,地方时,下同);南疆降水量日变化呈现三峰特征,峰值分别出现在傍晚(17:00-18:00)、午夜后(00:00-01:00)和上午(10:00)。新疆夏季降水事件以6 h以内的短历时性质为主(平均为85%,比例明显高于我国中东部),而持续12 h以上的较长历时降水事件偶有发生;在天山东麓以外的新疆绝大部分地区,6 h以内短历时降水事件对总降水量的贡献率达54%,高于我国中东部地区。新疆西部和北疆北部降水量日变化主峰的贡献者是2~3 h短持续性降水为主的事件;而天山中-东部降水量日变化峰值则是来自于12 h内各不同持续时间降水事件的大致均等贡献。  相似文献   

5.
湖南夏季降水日变化特征   总被引:12,自引:2,他引:10       下载免费PDF全文
戴泽军  宇如聪  陈昊明 《高原气象》2009,28(6):1463-1470
利用湖南96个测站13年的逐时自记降水资料, 分析了夏季(6~8月)降水日变化特征。结果表明, 湖南夏季降水日变化呈现显著的区域差异。湘东南降水量、 降水频次峰值主要出现在午后到傍晚, 而其它地区的降水峰值一般出现在清晨。进一步分析显示, 降水频次峰值出现时次分布更集中, 区域特征更鲜明。湘西北、 湘东南区域平均的累积降水量、 降水频次及降水强度的日变化在清晨和午后均呈双峰型特征。湘西北主(次)峰值出现的时间大致与湘东南次(主)峰值出现的时间对应。同时, 降水日变化与降水持续时间密切相关。持续5~10 h降水事件是持续1~4 h事件与持续10 h以上事件降水量峰值出现时间发生显著变化的过渡降水事件。持续1~4 h(10 h以上)的降水事件的极值降水始发时间为午后至傍晚(夜间)。在不同持续时间的降水事件中, 持续2 h降水的累积量最大。  相似文献   

6.
利用浙江省71个气象观测站的逐小时降水数据,分析2004—2016年夏季(6—8月)降水日变化特征。结果表明:(1)浙江省夏季降水量和降水频次日变化总体上呈现"一主一次"的双峰特征,降水量和降水频次主峰值分别出现在17:00前后和19:00前后。近13 a来,夏季降水量和降水频次有明显的增加趋势。(2)降水日变化特征区域差异明显。浙中西部地区和沿海岛屿的降水量、降水频次和强度日变化波动幅度较小,降水强度的峰值出现在09:00—11:00;浙南地区降水量、降水频次和强度日变化具有单峰特点,峰值均出现在15:00—20:00。(3)降水日变化与不同持续时间的降水事件有关,≥6 h持续性降水事件的降水峰值易出现在09:00前后,而<6 h短时降水事件的降水峰值出现在15:00—22:00。不同区域降水事件有所差异,浙中西部地区和沿海岛屿的降水量来源于持续性降水和短时降水事件的共同贡献,浙南地区降水量主要来源于短时降水事件的贡献。(4)短时强降水(20~50 mm·h^(-1))和特强降水(≥50 mm·h^(-1))易发生在温州、台州和宁波等沿海地区,其中杭州湾、台州局部地区是短时特强降水的高发区;短时强降水的日变化具有单峰特征,降水峰值出现在15:00—20:00。  相似文献   

7.
利用耦合了单层城市冠层模型UCM的中尺度模式WRF,探讨了长江三角洲地区城市化对夏季日降水特征的影响。结果表明,WRF模式能较好地再现长三角地区2003—2007年夏季降水的空间分布, 比较成功地模拟出了降水中心的位置及强度。城市化使得长三角地区夏季降水日数减少了1~5 d,这种降水日数的减少主要是由于城市化使小雨日数减少引起。城市化增强了长三角大部分地区的日降水强度。进一步对长三角地区4个典型城市群宁镇扬、苏锡常、上海和杭州湾城市群进行了夏季降水日变化分析,得出城市化对降水日变化的影响存在一定的区域差异。对于长三角整个大城市群,城市化对降水量、降水强度日峰值出现时刻以及降水强度日峰值大小无明显影响,而使得降水量日峰值减少。城市化使得苏锡常地区降水量日峰值略有增加,宁镇扬和上海地区降水量日峰值都减小,而杭州湾城市群区降水量日峰值出现时刻延后。城市化使得4个典型城市群降水强度日变化曲线形态发生改变,使得上海地区降水强度日峰值出现时刻延后,使得杭州湾城市群区夜雨增强。  相似文献   

8.
长江三角洲城市群对夏季日降水特征影响的模拟研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
利用耦合了单层城市冠层模型UCM的中尺度模式WRF,探讨了长江三角洲地区城市化对夏季日降水特征的影响。结果表明,WRF模式能较好地再现长三角地区2003—2007年夏季降水的空间分布,比较成功地模拟出了降水中心的位置及强度。城市化使得长三角地区夏季降水日数减少了1~5 d,这种降水日数的减少主要是由于城市化使小雨日数减少引起。城市化增强了长三角大部分地区的日降水强度。进一步对长三角地区4个典型城市群宁镇扬、苏锡常、上海和杭州湾城市群进行了夏季降水日变化分析,得出城市化对降水日变化的影响存在一定的区域差异。对于长三角整个大城市群,城市化对降水量、降水强度日峰值出现时刻以及降水强度日峰值大小无明显影响,而使得降水量日峰值减少。城市化使得苏锡常地区降水量日峰值略有增加,宁镇扬和上海地区降水量日峰值都减小,而杭州湾城市群区降水量日峰值出现时刻延后。城市化使得4个典型城市群降水强度日变化曲线形态发生改变,使得上海地区降水强度日峰值出现时刻延后,使得杭州湾城市群区夜雨增强。  相似文献   

9.
利用海东区域自动气象站2007—2016年逐小时降水数据,分析比较河湟流域~*5—9月份降水量、降水频次和降水强度的日变化峰值位相的整体特征、空间分布差异和典型区域平均的日变化演变特征。得出,河湟流域降水日变化峰值时间主要是傍晚到夜间和清晨双峰型位相和午夜单峰型位相,就整体而言,降水强度的下午峰值特征更加突出,降水频次以午夜峰值为主。综合考虑降水量和降水强度降水频次的日变化峰值位相发,发现河湟流域降水日变化峰值位相在空间分布上存在南北差异,北部双峰型位相和南部单峰型位相特征;从降水量、频次、强度的日变化演变特征来看,北部地区双峰型位相特征,降水量以傍晚至夜间峰值为主清晨峰值为次,降水量位相与降水频次位同步相滞后于降水强度位相;南部地区是单峰型位相特征,降水量峰值出现在午夜,低谷出现在中午,降水量位相与降水频次位相同步滞后于降水强度位相,这应是降水演变过程中时间演变不对称性和高原对流云系发展演变的具体表现。  相似文献   

10.
利用秦岭地区1961—2015年暖季(4—10月)国家级地面气象站观测的逐时降水资料,从降水逐候变化与降水日变化的角度,比较了秦岭南北两侧暖季降水的演变特征,研究表明:在逐候演变上,秦岭南北两侧均为夏秋双峰型降水,但北侧降水主峰值出现在秋季,秦岭南侧降水主峰值出现在夏季.在降水日变化上,夏秋两季中南侧降水量、降水频次和降水强度均以清晨峰值为主,仅在降水频次上夏季出现了午后的次峰值;而北侧降水量日变化夏秋变化较大,且主要由降水强度贡献,夏季降水强度在午后较强,而秋季清晨降水强度更大.对于不同持续时间的降水事件,南北两个区域在夏秋均表现为持续9h以上(3h以下)的降水为清晨(午后)降水峰值,其差别主要存在于持续时间为4~8h的降水事件中.  相似文献   

11.
近30 a江苏夏季降水日变化的气候学特征   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
基于1980—2013年江苏省61站小时降水资料,分析了江苏省夏季降水日变化的特点及小时极端降水、不同级别雨日的日变化特征。结果表明,江苏省夏季降水日变化具有显著的双峰分布特征,然而江苏省北部和南部降水的主峰时段并不一致。从降水频次、累积降水量来看,江苏省北部降水以清晨至早上时段为主峰、午后至傍晚时段为次峰,南部降水与之相反。长持续性降水占夏季降水的2/3左右,且江苏北部占比多于南部,均为清晨至早上的单峰分布;短持续性降水占夏季降水的1/3,在江苏北部呈现出以午后至傍晚为主峰,清晨至早上为次峰的双峰分布,而在江苏南部呈现出以午后至傍晚的单峰分布特点。小时极端降水,阈值分布南低北高,虽然频次较少,但占夏季降水的40%左右。小时极端降水日变化的双峰分布和夏季总体降水分布类似,但主峰大都出现在午后至傍晚。不同级别雨日的日变化分布各有不同,但全省各区无显著差异。累积降水量贡献主要来自于暴雨和大雨。暴雨无论是从降水频次、累积降水量还是降水强度都呈现清晨至早上的单峰分布。  相似文献   

12.
中国大陆日降水峰值时间位相的区域特征分析   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
利用高密度的中国国家级地面气象站逐时降水数据,系统分析和比较了中国大陆地区暖季降水量、降水频次和降水强度的日变化峰值位相的整体特征、空间分布差异及典型区域平均的日变化演变特征。研究指出,中国大陆暖季降水日变化峰值时间主要表现为下午、清晨、夜间3类典型位相,且整体而言降水频次的清晨峰值更凸出,降水强度以下午峰值为主。综合考虑降水量和降水频次的日变化峰值位相,发现中国大陆地区降水日变化峰值位相在空间分布上存在7个典型区域:下午峰值区(东北至华北山区、东南内陆地区)、夜间峰值区(四川盆地西部至云贵高原东部、华北平原西部贴近山地的区域)和清晨峰值区(华北平原东部、秦巴山区至华中西南部)各两个,以及傍晚至夜间峰值位相的青藏高原区。各典型区域内部具有较一致的降水量和频次的日峰值时间位相,而区域边缘或交界处降水量和频次的峰值位相则相反,主要是降水量的下午主峰值时段与降水频次的清晨主峰值时段的错位。从降水量、降水频次和降水强度的日变化的演变特征来看,午后峰值区、夜间峰值区和青藏高原的傍晚至夜间峰值区的多数台站,都存在降水量位相滞后于降水强度而超前于降水频次的特征,这应是降水演变过程中时间演变不对称性和对流云系发展演变的具体表现。  相似文献   

13.
Diurnal variations in amount, frequency and intensity of warm-season hourly precipitation(HP) at seven levels, which are defined as HP 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 20 and 50 mm, are revealed based on no less than 30 years of hourly rain-gauge observations at national stations over central and eastern China(CEC). This study investigates the variations, relationships, differences and similarities of total, stratiform, convective and extreme HP over the entire CEC and various subregions. Results indicate that the variations in the amount and frequency of HP at the seven levels over the entire CEC all display a bimodal feature. For various regions, the variations of total HP mostly feature two peaks, while convective HP mainly occurs in the late afternoon and determines the diurnal variation of total HP intensity. On the basis of the primary peak time periods of HP frequency at all levels over different subregions, the variations can be classified into three main categories: late-afternoon primary peak, nocturnal primary peak, and time-shifting primary peak. However, the variations over some coastal regions like the Liaodong Peninsula, the Shandong Peninsula, and the coastal regions of Guangdong, distinctly differ from those over their corresponding larger regions. Overall, the normalized diurnal variation amplitude of amount and frequency increases with the increasing HP intensity; convective precipitation can be represented by HP 10 mm; and the intensity of HP 50 mm is slightly larger during the nighttime than during the daytime over the entire CEC. In northern China, diurnal variation in HP 5 mm can represent well that in convective precipitation.  相似文献   

14.
Diurnal variations of precipitation over the South China Sea   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
In this study, the diurnal variations of precipitation and related mechanisms over the South China Sea (SCS) are studied using the TRMM and other auxiliary atmospheric data. We have found that: (1) the amplitude and peak time of the diurnal precipitation over SCS exhibit remarkable regional features and seasonal variations. Diurnal variations are robust all the year around over the southern SCS especially over the Kalimantan Island and its offshore area. Over the middle to northern SCS, however, diurnal variations are noticeable only in the summer and autumn; (2) over the northern SCS precipitation peaks in early morning, while over the southern SCS it has two diurnal peaks: one in the early morning and another in the late afternoon; (3) the diurnal variations of precipitation over the SCS are related to the activity of the SCS summer monsoon and the ENSO events. The late afternoon precipitation increases remarkably after the onset of the SCS summer monsoon over the northern SCS. The early-morning rainfall peak is much more significant during La Nina years than during El Nino years; (4) the land–sea breeze is responsible for the diurnal cycle over the Kalimantan Island and its offshore area while the “static radiation–convection” mechanisms may result in the early-morning rainfall peak over the SCS.  相似文献   

15.
Using hourly rain-gauge measurements for the period 2004?C2007, differences in diurnal variation in summer (June?CAugust) precipitation are investigated in four distinct areas of Beijing: the urban area (UA), suburban area (SA), north mountainous area (NMA), and south mountainous area (SMA), which are distinguished empirically based on underlying surface conditions and verified with a statistical rotated empirical orthogonal function. The diurnal cycles and spatial patterns in seasonal mean precipitation amount, intensity, and frequency in the four areas are compared. Results show that the four areas have distinct diurnal variation patterns in precipitation amounts, with a single peak observed in UA and NMA in the late afternoon, which are 80?% and 121?% higher than their daily average, respectively, and two peaks in SA during the late afternoon and early morning with magnitudes exceeding the daily mean by 76?% and 29?%, respectively. There are also two peaks in SMA: a weaker nocturnal diurnal peak and an afternoon peak. The minimum amounts of rainfall observed in the forenoon in UA, SA, and SMA are 53?%, 47?%, and 57?% lower than the daily mean in each area, respectively, and that observed in the early morning in NMA is 50?% lower than the daily mean. The diurnal variations in precipitation intensities resemble those for precipitation amount in all four areas, but more intense precipitation is observed in SA (2.4?mm/h) than in UA (2.2?mm/h). The lowest frequency for the whole day is observed in UA, whereas the highest frequency occurs in the mountainous areas in the daytime, especially in the late afternoon in SMA. Diurnal variations in surface air temperature and divergence fields in the four areas are further investigated to interpret the physical mechanisms that underlie the spatial and temporal differences in summer diurnal precipitation, and the results indicate the possible dominance of the local circulation arising from mountain?Cvalley wind and the differences in underlying surface heating between the urban, suburban, and mountainous areas of Beijing.  相似文献   

16.
Based on hourly precipitation data in eastern China in the warm season during 1961-2000,spatial distributions of frequency for 20 mm h 1 and 50 mm h 1 precipitation were analyzed,and the criteria of short-duration rainfall events and severe rainfall events are discussed.Furthermore,the percentile method was used to define local hourly extreme precipitation;based on this,diurnal variations and trends in extreme precipitation were further studied.The results of this study show that,over Yunnan,South China,North China,and Northeast China,the most frequent extreme precipitation events occur most frequently in late afternoon and/or early evening.In the Guizhou Plateau and the Sichuan Basin,the maximum frequency of extreme precipitation events occurs in the late night and/or early morning.And in the western Sichuan Plateau,the maximum frequency occurs in the middle of the night.The frequency of extreme precipitation (based on hourly rainfall measurements) has increased in most parts of eastern China,especially in Northeast China and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,but precipitation has decreased significantly in North China in the past 50 years.In addition,stations in the Guizhou Plateau and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River exhibit significant increasing trends in hourly precipitation extremes during the nighttime more than during the daytime.  相似文献   

17.
利用2010—2016年5—6月ERA5逐小时再分析数据集和国家气象信息中心逐小时降水量融合产品,对影响华南地区的低空急流事件进行筛选和分类,并分析天气系统相关的低空急流(Synoptic-system-related Low-Level Jet,SLLJ)和边界层急流(Boundary Layer Jet,BLJ)的日变化及其影响下的华南降水日变化的时空分布特征。结果表明,BLJ和SLLJ在白天减弱、夜间增强,并在凌晨达到峰值,其日变化主要与边界层惯性振荡引起的非地转风的顺时针旋转有关。双急流日华南地区降水量显著增加,且降水日变化有明显的区域差异,这与双急流的演变和配置密切相关。广西中北部主要为SLLJ左前方发生的夜间山区降水,且降水量仅有凌晨的单峰。广西沿海和广东地区存在早晨和午后两个峰值,BLJ出口区辐合和SLLJ入口区辐散的维持有利于降水频率的增大,从而导致午后峰值的出现,而早晨的峰值除了受双急流有利配置的影响外,主要归因于早晨降水强度的增加。  相似文献   

18.
This study analyzed the interdecadal changes in the diurnal variability of summer(June-August) precipitation over eastern China during the period 1966-2005 using hourly station rain gauge data.The results revealed that rainfall diurnal variations experienced significant interdecadal changes.Over the area to the south of the Yangtze River,as well as the area between the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers,the percentages of morning rainfall(0000-1200 LST) to total rainfall in terms of amount,frequency and intensity,all exhibited increasing interdecadal trends.On the contrary,over North China,decreasing trends were found.As a result,diurnal rainfall peaks also presented pronounced interdecadal variations.Over the area between the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers,there were 16 out of 46 stations with afternoon(1200-0000 LST) frequency peaks in the first 20 years of the 40-year period of study,while only eight remained in the latter 20 years.In North China,seven stations experienced the opposite changes,which accounted for about 21% of the total number of stations.The possible causes for the interdecadal changes in diurnal features were discussed.As the rainfall in the active monsoon period presents morning diurnal peaks,with afternoon peaks in the break period,the decrease(increase) of rainfall in the active monsoon period over North China(the area south of the Yangtze River and the area between the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers) may contribute to interdecadal changes in diurnal rainfall variability.  相似文献   

19.
彭莉莉  邓剑波  谢傲 《湖北气象》2020,39(2):201-206
利用南岳山南坡不同海拔高度上的3个气象观测站2015年9月1日-2018年8月31日逐时降水资料,分析了南岳山降水日演变特征。结果表明:从山底到山顶总降水量逐渐增加,存在3个降水峰值时段,分别在清晨、午后和傍晚,清晨雨量峰值主要由该时段降水频次较高所致,午后与傍晚雨量峰值主要与该时段降水强度较大有关,山顶高山站与山底站降水量差异主要体现在午后与傍晚时段;小时最大降水量主要出现在午后至傍晚,山底站短时强降水出现时段较分散,山腰和山顶高山站短时强降水主要集中在午后至傍晚时段;持续时间小于等于6 h的短持续降水频次多于持续时间大于6 h长持续降水频次,其主要出现在午后至傍晚,长持续降水过程多出现在凌晨至中午,其对总降水量的贡献大于短持续降水。  相似文献   

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