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1.
利用世界气候研究计划/全球能量与水循环试验(National Aeronautics and Space Administration/World Climate Research Program,NASA/WCRP)发布的长期地表辐射收支(Global Energy and Water Exchanges-Surface Radiation Budget,GEWEX-SRB)数据产品和中国气象局资料室的地面辐射数据产品,分别获得1984—2007年新疆维吾尔自治区地表全天空向下太阳短波辐射辐照度和地表全天空向下日总辐射曝辐量,对比分析两种数据从而确定卫星数据的精度;在此基础上,进一步分析新疆维吾尔自治区地面太阳辐射的时空分布特征。结果表明:基于GEWEX-SRB卫星观测资料反演的新疆维吾尔自治区太阳辐射明显比地面观测太阳辐射偏高约10%—30%,但两种数据反映的新疆维吾尔自治区太阳辐射的时空分布特征一致。在空间分布上,新疆维吾尔自治区太阳辐射呈明显的经向和纬向分布即太阳辐射由西北向东南方向逐渐递减;在时间分布上,太阳辐射从夏季、春季、秋季至冬季依次减小,从春季到冬季太阳辐射逐步由经向分布向纬向分布转变,夏季太阳辐射变化幅度最大,春季太阳辐射多年变化倾斜率增加最多,冬季太阳辐射多年变化倾斜率增加最少;太阳辐射月变化呈正态分布。  相似文献   

2.
利用商洛地区193 个国家和区域气象站点实测降水数据,从时间和空间尺度,运用相关分析、偏差、均方根误差等统计分析方法对 TRMM 卫星 3B43 v7降水数据在商洛地区的适用性进行了分析,在此基础上采用比值系数法对TRMM 卫星月降水产品进行订正。结果表明:①在时间尺度上,TRMM 月降水数据与站点实测月降水数据线性高度相关,TRMM 降水数据低估站点实测降水数据。②对月、季和年尺度的TRMM和站点降水量进行比较,决定系数R2均在0.8以上,拟合优度较高,季降水量结果拟合结果较月降水量有所提高。③利用比值系数法对TRMM降水量产品进行偏差订正,验证结果表明,订正后的TRMM 3B43月降水结果偏差更小,决定系数更高。TRMM 降水精度与降水强度和地形有关,TRMM月降水量与实测月降水量时间序列趋势一致,拟合性较高,分布规律相一致。总体上,降水量多的年份,TRMM 数据倾向于低估降水量,反之,高估站点降水量。通过对TRMM 卫星降水产品在商洛地区的精度评估和订正,为该地区地面降水数据提供有效补充。  相似文献   

3.
为了解我国新一代静止气象卫星FY-4A辐射成像仪(AGRI)反演大气水汽总量(LPW)产品在海拔高度差异较大区域的适用性,利用2019和2020年6月20日~7月31日四川省11个探空站点观测数据计算大气水汽总量(TPW),对FY-4A LPW进行评估分析。结果表明:FY-4A LPW整体平均偏差为负值,对研究区内大气水汽总量存在低估,低估主要集中在0~4.5 cm的水汽低值区;FY-4A LPW与探空TPW相关性较好,最大相关系数达0.95,在四川地区较为可靠;海拔高度对FY-4A LPW可靠性有直接影响,FY-4A LPW和探空TPW相关系数大小与海拔高度呈负相关。   相似文献   

4.
2000—2016年中国再分析辐射资料与观测值对比   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
大气再分析辐射资料克服了传统的地面观测资料缺乏和台站分布不均的缺点,以及卫星遥感反演算法的适用性和传感器精度等问题,采用不同的模型对太阳辐射状况进行动态模拟,并结合实际观测数据对模型进行校正,建立了长时间序列和不同分辨率的数据产品。尽管目前再分析辐射产品评估已经有较多的研究,但是针对我国长时间序列太阳辐射变化的不同再分析辐射资料间的精度对比评估较少,尤其缺乏不同再分析辐射资料空间差异性研究。选取2000—2016年NCEP/DOE、ERA-Interim、GLDASV2.1三种不同空间分辨率的再分析辐射资料,通过对比三种资料与我国辐射观测数据的差异,对三种再分析辐射资料在空间分布和时间序列的适用性进行详细的精确度评估。结果表明,从年资料对比来看,2000—2016年中国区域NCEP辐射资料显著高于其他三种资料,与观测值平均偏差约为1 342.2 MJ/(m2a),东部地区高估现象严重。ERA辐射资料平均偏差为681.8 MJ/(m2a),中国西部、华北及华中地区高估严重。GLDAS辐射资料平均偏差最小为130.2 MJ/(m2a)。从月资料对比来看,三种再分析数据在夏秋季月份的精度比冬春季月份要高。冬半年,三种再分析资料在海拔>1 000 m的东北大兴安岭、西北和云南等地相对误差低于海拔 < 1 000 m的华北、华中、华东、西南和华南地区;但夏半年这种分布现象不明显。   相似文献   

5.
通过时空匹配主动遥感产品(2B-CLDCLASS-LIDAR)的云类型参数与被动遥感产品(Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System-Single Scanner Footprint: CERES-SSF)的云宏微观物理特性和大气层顶处辐射通量参数(2007/01~2010/12),本文在全球尺度上统计分析了不同类型单层云以及高云重叠的双层云的云特性和大气层顶云辐射强迫。尽管主动和被动卫星遥感产品相互独立,但被动遥感反演的云光学厚度和云相态等参数能够合理反映不同类型云之间的差异。不同类型单层云表现出的云特性差异能进一步影响大气层顶的辐射能量收支。本文通过对比不同类型单层云的Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System(CERES)视场样本数量随短波和长波云辐射强迫的分布,发现它们的高值区形状、位置和面积存在差异,反映了其各自独特的辐射特性。层积云的CERES视场样本数量密集区类似椭球结构,而其它云类型则趋于指数曲线结构。当进一步考虑高云重叠的影响时,统计结果表明:重叠的高云比高云单层状态有更蔽光和更厚的云体;高云重叠的底层云类型则比其单层状态有更透光和更薄的云体;高云重叠的双层云(除了高云重叠积云)对地气系统的净冷却效应要弱于其低层云类型单层状态。本文研究结果旨在加深理解云辐射反馈机制,并为改进模式中云重叠参数化方案提供一定观测依据。  相似文献   

6.
选取四川省156个国家级考核站、1282个区域考核站及1411个区域非考核站2019年8月1日~2020年7月31日的气温数据,利用相关系数、平均值误差、均方根误差等指标,评估了CLDAS(5 km×5 km)和HRCLDAS(1 km×1 km)两套气温实况融合产品在四川省的适用性。结果表明:两套融合产品的相关性都很好,相对而言,午后的误差值较其余时刻偏大且代表性偏差,冬季的评估效果较差且为负平均值误差的低估值。地形与海拔对融合产品的影响较大,在地势起伏大的高海拔区域,误差值明显增大。两套融合产品在盆地中部评估效果最优,多呈现正平均值误差的高估值;盆地北部、西南部以及盆地-三州过渡带次之,呈现较小的负平均值误差的低估值;三州和攀枝花地区最差,为较大的负平均值误差的低估值。在评估效果较差的冬季与地形复杂的区域,1 km融合产品的评估效果明显优于5 km融合产品。   相似文献   

7.
1901~2013年GPCC和CRU降水资料在中国大陆的适用性评估   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
利用1901~2013年中国大陆地区的气象台站实测降水资料,对东英吉利(East Anglia)大学气候研究中心(Climatic Research Unit,CRU)和全球降水气候中心(Global Precipitation Climatology Centre,GPCC)的降水资料分别从季节、年际和年代际尺度上进行了评估。结果表明:1961~2013年CRU与GPCC降水资料均能较准确地描述中国大陆地区的降水特征,且在东部较西部地区、夏季较冬季与站点实测降水情况更为一致。将中国大陆划分为不同区域并在其季节、年际和年代际时间尺度上通过比较降水偏差绝对值的百分比、均方根误差和相关系数等统计量后发现:CRU在青藏高原和其它较大的山脉附近与站点实测降水的差别较大,且年均降水趋势在西北一带的阿尔金山脉、黄土高原、东南地区和长江下游地区,比实测降水的年均趋势小、甚至出现趋势相反的情况。此外,CRU降水的年代际变化趋势也偏小。而GPCC数据不论是降水量还是降水趋势都更接近实际情况。在1901~1961年,通过与65个长期气象观测站点的降水时间序列比较发现,CRU在110°E以西地区与站点观测的降水资料间的差别较大,而GPCC与站点观测资料的吻合较好。最后,利用1961~2013年两套降水资料和站点实测资料分别计算了标准化降水指数(SPI),简单分析了中国大陆地区的干旱变化,发现GPCC对旱涝的时空变化特征的描述比CRU更接近站点实际观测;并且CRU也没有反映出1997年夏季中国地区出现的严重干旱情况,而GPCC较为准确地反映出了这一干旱事件特征。因此,本文的研究结果认为,就中国大陆地区长时期降水资料而言,GPCC的适用性优于CRU。  相似文献   

8.
利用1961~2000年赣州站、南昌站的年太阳总辐射与相关气象要素资料,结合Penman公式,运用6种计算净长波辐射的方法估算了两站的年太阳总辐射;建立了估算该地区年太阳总辐射的绝对误差权重法(Method of Absolute Errors,MAE),并给出了适用于江西省的绝对误差权重系数,以此方法计算了江西省其他76站的年太阳总辐射;并分析了该地区年太阳总辐射的时空分布特征及其变化趋势,发现:(1)1961~2000年间,江西省大部分地区太阳总辐射在3800~4400 MJ·m-2·a-1;南部偏东地区较大,且存在有一大值中心;西部地区为江西省太阳总辐射最小的地区;(2)40年间,江西省年太阳总辐射呈明显下降趋势,每10年减少143.70 MJ·m-2。78站中,有63站的太阳总辐射的下降趋势通过了α=0.05的显著性检验,8站表现为上升趋势;江西省北部及南部地区太阳总辐射下降较大;中部地区下降相对较小,且在鄱阳湖东侧有一低值中心。  相似文献   

9.
地面有效辐射气候学模型评估和参数优化   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
基于中国19个辐射站1993-2012年的地面辐射平衡资料和气象资料,分析评估了布朗特法、彭曼法、别尔良德法、FAO24法、FAO56-PM法、邓根云法和童宏良法7种参数化方案计算中国地面有效辐射的适用性;并以均方根误差最小为目标函数,利用步长加速法和多元回归法迭代求解最优参数,建立适合于中国的最优参数化逐日有效辐射估算方法。结果表明:参与评估的7种方案都不同程度低估了中国的有效辐射;从全中国总体误差水平看,童宏良法的平均绝对百分比误差和均方根误差小于其他6种方案,分别为27.0%和24.5 W/m2,估算效果较好;其次是彭曼法和邓根云法;FAO56-PM法精度较低,不适用于中国的有效辐射估算。针对单站来说,邓根云法在东部平原地区的精度最高,童宏良法由于考虑了海拔高度的订正,适用于西部高原地区。相关分析表明水汽压是影响有效辐射估算误差的最关键因素,因此根据水汽压的地理分布规律,分东部区和西部区建立分区方案。基于观测资料建立的全中国方案和分区方案的均方根误差分别为20.8和21.4 W/m2,精度均高于已有参与评估的7种方案;而且在绝大多数站点,分区方案的误差小于全中国方案,所以划分东部区和西部区进行有效辐射模型参数化很有必要。同时发现,分区方案在西部区明显优于邓根云法,在东部区明显优于童宏良法,因此推荐其作为中国有效辐射的计算方法。   相似文献   

10.
Dust aerosol optical depth (AOD) and its accompanying shortwave radiative forcing (RF) are usually simulated by numerical models. Here, by using 9 months of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aerosol product data in combination with Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System Single Scanner Footprint (CERES/SSF) data, dust AOD and its shortwave RF were estimated over the cloud-free northwest (NW) Pacific Ocean in the springs of 2004, 2005, and 2006. The results showed that in this region, the mean dust AOD and its shortwave RF were 0.10 and -5.51 W m^-2, respectively. In order to validate the dust AOD derived by MODIS, results from the Goddard Global Ozone Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport (GOCART) model were also used here. The correlation coefficient between the monthly averaged dust AOD derived by MODIS measurements and the model simulation results was approximately 0.53. Since the estimates of the dust AOD and its shortwave RF obtained in this study are based mainly on satellite data, they offer a good reference for numerical models.  相似文献   

11.
NASA/GEWEX (National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment) Surface Radiation Budget (SRB) has released its latest radiation dataset, version 3.0. We examine the accuracy of the monthly mean global radiation in China using surface-observed radiation (SOR) data at 42 stations during the period 1984?C2004. Overall comparison shows a general overestimation of satellite retrieval radiation data with a bias of 14.6?W?m?2 and a root mean square error of 25.9?W?m?2. Differences at individual stations suggested satellite data are consistently higher than surface measurements over eastern China (110°E), but occasional underestimation occurs in Western China, especially Southwest China. Intra-annual variation analysis indicates that SRB satellite radiation can capture the annual cycle well. For trend of global radiations, there are evident discrepancies between satellite retrievals and surface measurements for both the entire period and segmental terms. For the entire period from 1984 to 2004, most stations show a positive trend based on surface measurements, while the majority of collocated pixels show a negative trend. Segmental trends demonstrated that the principal difference occurred during the first period of 1981?C1994. After 1994, the two datasets change similarly. Therefore, trend analysis in terms of detecting global dimming/brightening remains very difficult as surface measurements and satellite products do not agree yet. In addition, some proposals are made towards better understanding of the bias of satellite products and to improve further the satellite retrieval algorithm with better representation of both cloud and aerosol properties.  相似文献   

12.
为评估和对比GPM IMERG、ERA5降水数据在云南的适用性,利用2014年4月至2018年6月的地面气象观测数据、GPM IMERG卫星遥感降水产品和ERA5再分析降水数据,采用定量和分类评分7项指标评估GPM IMERG和ERA5日降水产品在云南的适用性。结果表明:2种数据存在小雨日雨量高估,中雨及以上量级雨日雨量低估的问题,ERA5数据更为突出,小雨日居多导致降水整体高估;GPM IMERG数据空、漏报并存,ERA5则高空报、低漏报严重;小雨日较多(较少)的区域2种数据易出现高漏报(空报);不同雨强区间GPM IMERG秋季降水数据精度最高,冬季存在低雨强低估,高雨强高估的不同表现;20mm/d以下中低雨强段上2种降水数据与地面站点数据误差较小,雨强变大,误差增大,雨强大于20mm/d时,2种数据随雨强增大与站点偏差差异更为显著;随坡度和起伏度增大2种降水数据精度呈变差趋势;多项指标评估表明GPM IMERG降水数据在云南具有更高精度。研究结果为应用和开展农业、水利、水文、气象等相关学科研究提供参考依据。  相似文献   

13.
The surface energy budget components from two simulations of the regional climate model RegCM4.2 over the European/North African domain during the period 1989–2005 are analysed. The simulations differ in specified boundary forcings which were obtained from ERA-Interim reanalysis and the HadGEM2-ES Earth system model. Surface radiative and turbulent fluxes are compared against ERA-Interim. Errors in surface radiative fluxes are derived with respect to the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment/Surface Radiation Budget satellite-based products. In both space and time, we find a high degree of realism in the RegCM surface energy budget components, but some substantial errors and differences between the two simulations are also present. The most prominent error is an overestimation of the net surface shortwave radiation flux of more than 50 W/m2 over central and southeastern Europe during summer months. This error strongly correlates with errors in the representation of total cloud cover, and less strongly with errors in surface albedo. During other seasons, the amplitude of the surface energy budget components is more in line with reference datasets. The errors may limit the usefulness of RegCM simulations in applications (e.g. high-quality simulation-driven impact studies). However, by using a simple diagnostic model for error interpretation, we suggest potential sensitivity studies aiming to reduce the underestimation of cloud cover and overestimation of shortwave radiation flux.  相似文献   

14.
长序列卫星辐射资料的缺乏一直是制约青藏高原(以下简称高原)辐射长期变化研究的重要原因之一。对国际上最新提供的1984—2017年ISCCP-FH(以下简称FH)长序列卫星辐射资料中的大气顶逸出长波辐射(OLR)、到达地面短波辐射(SWD)、地面向上长波辐射(LWU)、到达地面长波辐射(LWD)进行分析,评估了FH辐射资料在全天气条件下的青藏高原地区的适用性。结果表明:与观测相比,FH资料的4种辐射通量气候平均值误差均小于5%,其中OLR和SWD的偏差较小,LWU的偏差最大。FH资料能正确反映高原各辐射通量的冬季增强趋势,OLR和LWD在各季节的长期变化趋势均与观测一致,LWU则呈现虚假的减弱趋势。总体来说,在高原地区,FH资料的地面短波辐射通量比长波辐射通量适用性好。进一步对长波辐射偏差原因分析显示,气温偏差会增强LWD的气候态和长期趋势,而地温偏差对LWU的作用与之相反。辐射模型、云和水汽的差异导致最终FH资料中的LWD气候态和长期趋势较观测略偏弱,FH资料的计算方案在一定程度上修正了地温偏差造成的LWU偏弱。研究结果将为使用FH辐射资料提供参考依据。  相似文献   

15.
The performance of seven regional climate models in simulating the radiation and heat fluxes at the surface over South America (SA) is evaluated. Sources of uncertainty and errors are identified. All simulations have been performed in the context of the CLARIS-LPB Project for the period 1990–2008 and are compared with the GEWEX-SRB, CRU, and GLDAS2 dataset and NCEP-NOAA reanalysis. Results showed that most of the models overestimate the net surface short-wave radiation over tropical SA and La Plata Basin and underestimate it over oceanic regions. Errors in the short-wave radiation are mainly associated with uncertainties in the representation of surface albedo and cloud fraction. For the net surface long-wave radiation, model biases are diverse. However, the ensemble mean showed a good agreement with the GEWEX-SRB dataset due to the compensation of individual model biases. Errors in the net surface long-wave radiation can be explained, in a large proportion, by errors in cloud fraction. For some particular models, errors in temperature also contribute to errors in the net long-wave radiation. Analysis of the annual cycle of each component of the energy budget indicates that the RCMs reproduce generally well the main characteristics of the short- and long-wave radiations in terms of timing and amplitude. However, a large spread among models over tropical SA is apparent. The annual cycle of the sensible heat flux showed a strong overestimation in comparison with the reanalysis and GLDAS2 dataset. For the latent heat flux, strong differences between the reanalysis and GLDAS2 are calculated particularly over tropical SA.  相似文献   

16.
《大气科学进展》2017,34(7):805-815
Ultraviolet(UV) radiation has significant effects on ecosystems, environments, and human health, as well as atmospheric processes and climate change. Two ultraviolet radiation datasets are described in this paper. One contains hourly observations of UV radiation measured at 40 Chinese Ecosystem Research Network stations from 2005 to 2015. CUV3 broadband radiometers were used to observe the UV radiation, with an accuracy of 5%, which meets the World Meteorology Organization's measurement standards. The extremum method was used to control the quality of the measured datasets. The other dataset contains daily cumulative UV radiation estimates that were calculated using an all-sky estimation model combined with a hybrid model. The reconstructed daily UV radiation data span from 1961 to 2014. The mean absolute bias error and root-mean-square error are smaller than 30% at most stations, and most of the mean bias error values are negative, which indicates underestimation of the UV radiation intensity. These datasets can improve our basic knowledge of the spatial and temporal variations in UV radiation. Additionally, these datasets can be used in studies of potential ozone formation and atmospheric oxidation, as well as simulations of ecological processes.  相似文献   

17.
云天地表总辐射和净辐射瞬时值的计算方法   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为减少计算机时,满足实时预报要求,全球数值预报模式中的辐射计算频率通常设定为三小时。这样处理会大大减少计算量,但也同时导致较大辐射日变化偏差,并影响模式对地面能量平衡,对流及降水的模拟。为改进这一缺陷,我们开发了一种辐射快速计算方案,可用于计算瞬时地面太阳总辐射和净辐射,使到达地面的太阳辐射计算可与模式积分同步进行,从而改善地面太阳辐射日变化模拟。本文介绍云天的计算方法。该方案所用的输入变量均为预报模式或卫星观测所能提供的量。结果表明:该方案既可用于数值预报模式也可利用观测资料独立计算地面太阳辐射。经与美国能源部大气辐射观测资料检验,该方案的精度很高,地面总辐射瞬时值的平均计算误差小于7%。  相似文献   

18.
该文介绍了净全辐射表的两种校准方法。使用长短波辐射表组成的净全辐射标准器组, 在不同环境条件下对现用标准净全辐射表和6台气象台站用工作级净全辐射表的灵敏度进行了测试, 通过试验了解检定环境条件下新的标准器组与现用标准器之间的关系, 分析了通过不同标准器组得到的工作级净全辐射表的测量结果, 得到了新的标准器组使用后检定结果的随机误差。通过数据对比分析, 得出使用新的标准组检定的净全辐射表, 其不确定度白天降低9.2%, 夜间降低5.2 %。  相似文献   

19.
Summary The diurnal variation of the Earth Radiation Budget and its components require for sparsely temporal sampling a high amount of modeling for the derivation of precise daily averages. In the present study the time integration errors of the regional monthly averages of the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (Barkstrom, 1984) are estimated for April 1985. For this error assessment we made use of data of the European geostationary satellite Meteosat 2 which narrowbanded measurements have been converted to reasonable estimates of broad-band radiation fluxes. Based on this data set the measurements of the ERBE satellites, ERBS, NOAA 9, and NOAA 10 are simulated. For the time integration the ERBE time integration models are used.The mean error for the regional monthly average of the net radiation flux varies between — 3 and + 5 W/m2 for the combination of all three satellites. The largest contribution to this uncertainty is given by the time integration of the shortwave fluxes. A new approach for the time integration procedure is presented which is based on the Maximum Entropy spectral analysis of temporal high resolution data sets as provided by geostationary satellites.This study closes with the estimation of the final error for ERBE regional monthly averages of the net radiation flux, which includes the uncertainties of the instruments, the inversion process and the time integration process. These errors lie between 11.1 W/m2 for single NOAA 9 products and 7.8 W/m2 for the combination of all three satellites. With that the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment fulfills the required accuracy.With 12 Figures  相似文献   

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