共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
2.
Progress in the Development and Application of Climate Ocean Models and Ocean-Atmosphere Coupled Models in China 总被引：2，自引：3，他引：2
ZHOU Tianjun YU Yongqiang LIU Hailong LI Wei YOU Xiaobao ZHOU Guangqing 《大气科学进展》2007,24(6):1109-1120
A review is presented about the development and application of climate ocean models and oceanatmosphere coupled models developed in China as well as a review of climate variability and climate change studies performed with these models. While the history of model development is briefly reviewed, emphasis has been put on the achievements made in the last five years. Advances in model development are described along with a summary on scientific issues addressed by using these models. The focus of the review is the climate ocean models and the associated coupled models, including both global and regional models, developed at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The progress of either coupled model development made by other institutions or climate modeling using internationally developed models also is reviewed. 相似文献
3.
An Application of the RAMS/FLUENT System on the Multi-Scale Numerical Simulation of the Urban Surface Layer A Preliminary Study 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Regional Atmospheric Modeling System （RAMS） and the computational fluid dynamics （CFD） codes known as FLUENT are combinatorially applied in a multi-scale numerical simulation of the urban surface layer （USL）. RAMS and FLUENT are combined as a multi-scale numerical modeling system, in which the RAMS simulated data are delivered to the computational model for FLUENT simulation in an offline way. Numerical simulations are performed to present and preliminarily validate the capability of the multi-scale modeling system, and the results show that the modeling system can reasonably provide information on the meteorological elements in an urban area from the urban scale to the city-block scale, especially the details of the turbulent flows within the USL. 相似文献
4.
A conceptual coupled ocean-atmosphere model was used to study coupled ensemble data assimilation schemes with a focus on the role of ocean-atmosphere interaction in the assimilation. The optimal scheme was the fully coupled data assimilation scheme that employs the coupled covariance matrix and assimilates observations in both the atmosphere and ocean. The assimilation of synoptic atmospheric variability that captures the temporal fluctuation of the weather noise was found to be critical for the estimation of not only the atmospheric, but also oceanic states. The synoptic atmosphere observation was especially important in the mid-latitude system, where oceanic variability is driven by weather noise. The assimilation of synoptic atmospheric variability in the coupled model improved the atmospheric variability in the analysis and the subsequent forecasts, reducing error in the surface forcing and, in turn, in the ocean state. Atmospheric observation was able to further improve the oceanic state estimation directly through the coupled covariance between the atmosphere and ocean states. Relative to the mid-latitude system, the tropical system was influenced more by ocean-atmosphere interaction and, thus, the assimilation of oceanic observation becomes more important for the estimation of the ocean and atmosphere. 相似文献
5.
The coastal area of southern China is frequently affected by marine meteorological disasters,and is also one of the key areas that influence the short-term climate change of China.Due to a lack of observational facilities and techniques,little has been done in this area in terms of operational weather monitoring and scientific research on atmospheric and marine environment.With the support of China Meteorological Administration (CMA) and Guangdong Meteorological Bureau (GMB),the Marine Meteorological Science Experiment Base (MMSEB) at Bohe,Maoming has been jointly established by Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology (GITMM) and Maoming Meteorological Bureau (MMB) of Guangdong Province after three years of hard work.It has become an integrated coastal observation base that is equipped with a complete set of sophisticated instruments.Equipment maintenance and data quality control procedures have been implemented to ensure the long-term,steady operation of the instruments and the availability of high quality data.Preliminary observations show that the data obtained by the MMSEB reveal many interesting features in the boundary layer structure and air-sea interaction in such disastrous weather as typhoons and sea fog.The MMSEB is expected to play an important role in the scientific research of disastrous weather related to marine meteorology. 相似文献
6.
Regional coupled modeling is one of the frontiers of regional climate modeling, but intercomparison has not been well coordinated. In this study, a community regional climate model, WRF4, with a resolution of 15 km, was coupled with a high-resolution(0.1°) North Pacific Ocean model(LICOM_np). The performance of the regional coupled model,WRF4_LICOM, was compared to that of another regional coupled model, RegCM4_LICOM, which was a coupling of version 4 of the Regional Climate Model(RegCM4) with LICOM_np. The analysis focused on the 2005 western North Pacific summer monsoon rainfall. The results showed that the regional coupled models with either RegCM4 or WRF4 as their atmospheric model component simulated the broad features over the WNP reasonably well. Quantitative intercomparison of the regional coupled simulations exhibited different biases for different climate variables.RegCM4_LICOM exhibited smaller biases in its simulation of the averaged June–July–August SST and rainfall, while WRF4_LICOM better captured the tropical cyclone(TC) intensity, the percentage contributions of rainfall induced by TCs to the total rainfall, and the diurnal cycle of rainfall and stratiform percentages, especially over land areas. The different behaviors in rainfall simulated by the two models were partly ascribed to the behaviors in the simulated western North Pacific subtropical high(WNPSH). The stronger(weaker) WNPSH in WRF4_LICOM(RegCM4_LICOM) was driven by overestimated(underestimated) diabatic heating, which peaked at approximately 450 hPa over the region around the Philippines in association with different condensation–radiation processes. Coupling of WRF4 with LIOCM is a crucial step towards the development of the next generation of regional earth system models at the Chinese Academy of Sciences. 相似文献
7.
This study revises Weare’s latent heat parameterization scheme and conducts an associated
theoretic analysis. The revised Weare’s scheme is found to present potentially better results than Zebiak’s
scheme. The Zebiak-Cane coupled ocean-atmosphere model, initialized by the National Centers for
Environmental Prediction and the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis of
wind stress anomaly at 925 hPa, is referred to as the ZCW coupled model. The atmosphere models of the
ZCW coupled model that use Zebiak’s scheme and the revised Weare’s scheme are referred to as the
ZCW0 and ZCWN atmosphere models, respectively. The coupled ocean-atmosphere models that use
Zebiak’s scheme and the revised Weare’s scheme are referred to as the ZCW0and ZCWN coupled models,
respectively. The simulations between the ZCW0 and ZCWN atmosphere models and between the ZCW0
and ZCWN coupled models are analyzed. The results include: (1) The evolution of heat, meridional wind
and divergence anomalies simulated by similar ZCW0 and ZCWN atmosphere models, although the
magnitudes of the former are larger than those of the latter; (2) The prediction skill of the Ni?o3 index
from 1982 to 1999 by the ZCWN coupled model shows improvement compared with those by the ZCW0
coupled model; (3) The analysis of El Ni?o events in 1982/1983, 1986/1987, and 1997/1998 and La Ni?a
events in 1984/1985, 1988/1989, and 1998/2000 suggests that the ZCWN coupled model is better than the
ZCW0 coupled model in predicting warm event evolution and cold event generation. The results also show
the disadvantage of the ZCWN coupled model for predicting El Ni?o 相似文献
8.
Comparative experiments with and without the diurnal change of solar radiation are made inthis paper by use of an air-sea coupled 7-layer primitive equation modeling system in a zonal domainbetween 60°S and 60°N.The results show that the quasi-stationary patterns of the mean monsooncirculations are not evidently affected by the diurnal change of solar radiation.The main influencesmay come from the land-sea distribution and the orography.However,the inclusion of the diurnalchange of solar radiation into the model system may improve the intensities of the simulatedmonsoon circulations both at the high and the low levels.It can influence the distributive patternof precipitation to a larger extent.Without the diurnal change,precipitation in the interior of landwould decrease and in the coastal regions it would increase.The changes of the soil temperatureand the soil moisture are fairly correspondent to that of precipitation.The areas with increasingprecipitation and the areas with decreasing precipitation are distributed in the wave form.As to theinfluences on the monsoon development,the results indicate that the diurnal change of solarradiation can speed up the development of the monsoon in the early stage.Therefore,the inclusionof the diurnal change of solar radiation can make the model equilibrium state to reach earlier. 相似文献
9.
Wei Mozheng 《大气科学进展》1997,14(3):355-368
We develop the finite-mode model for a two-dimensional Euler system on the sphere based on Hopped’s discovery in group theory. This model strives to keep as many invariants of the original Euler equation as possible. Theoretically, the number of invariants in this model is limited only by computing power. At present, almost all the popular numerical models in weather and climate researches such as numerical weather prediction models and general circulation models (GCMs) use spectral method. However all these spectrally truncated models do not keep all the invariants except for the energy and the enstrophy. By using this model one is able to study the influence from some other lost invariants. The result from this model is expected to be closer to that of the original Euler equations than from ordinary spectrally truncated models. The relevant fundamental equations and important formulas for this model are given explicitly. 相似文献
10.
The dynamic effects of small topography (in the sense of the characteristic height of the topography as compared with the vertical thickness of the system of motion) and the Ekman pumping caused by the frictional convergence in the bounary layer on the motion of a typhoon have been qualitatively discussed in this part based on the governing equation of typhoon motion derived in part I of this paper. The results show that a topographical ridge tends to attract the typhoon approaching it and this explains at least partially the phenomenon that the typhoon over the western Pacific tends to accelerate just before their making land fall over the coastal areas. It is also shown that the Ekman pumping at the top of the boundary layer favors the typhoon acceleration along the local steering current. 相似文献
11.
12.
Laurent Menut Om P. Tripathi Augustin Colette Robert Vautard Emmanouil Flaounas Bertrand Bessagnet 《Climate Dynamics》2013,40(9-10):2515-2533
In order to evaluate the future potential benefits of emission regulation on regional air quality, while taking into account the effects of climate change, off-line air quality projection simulations are driven using weather forcing taken from regional climate models. These regional models are themselves driven by simulations carried out using global climate models (GCM) and economical scenarios. Uncertainties and biases in climate models introduce an additional “climate modeling” source of uncertainty that is to be added to all other types of uncertainties in air quality modeling for policy evaluation. In this article we evaluate the changes in air quality-related weather variables induced by replacing reanalyses-forced by GCM-forced regional climate simulations. As an example we use GCM simulations carried out in the framework of the ERA-interim programme and of the CMIP5 project using the Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace climate model (IPSLcm), driving regional simulations performed in the framework of the EURO-CORDEX programme. In summer, we found compensating deficiencies acting on photochemistry: an overestimation by GCM-driven weather due to a positive bias in short-wave radiation, a negative bias in wind speed, too many stagnant episodes, and a negative temperature bias. In winter, air quality is mostly driven by dispersion, and we could not identify significant differences in either wind or planetary boundary layer height statistics between GCM-driven and reanalyses-driven regional simulations. However, precipitation appears largely overestimated in GCM-driven simulations, which could significantly affect the simulation of aerosol concentrations. The identification of these biases will help interpreting results of future air quality simulations using these data. Despite these, we conclude that the identified differences should not lead to major difficulties in using GCM-driven regional climate simulations for air quality projections. 相似文献
13.
Heng Xiao C. Roberto Mechoso Ruiyu Sun Jongil Han Hua-Lu Pan Sungsu Park Cecile Hannay Chris Bretherton Joao Teixeira 《Climate Dynamics》2014,43(3-4):737-752
We present a diagnostic analysis of the marine low cloud climatology simulated by two state-of-the-art coupled atmosphere–ocean models: the National Center for Atmospheric Research community earth system model version 1 (CESM1) and the National Center for Environmental Predictions global forecasting system-modular ocean model version 4 (GFS-MOM4) coupled model. In the CESM1, the coastal stratocumulus (Sc)-topped planetary boundary layers (PBLs) in the subtropical Eastern Pacific are well-simulated but the climatological transition from Sc to shallow cumulus (Cu) is too abrupt and occurs too close to the coast. By contrast, in the GFS-MOM4 the coastal Sc amount and PBL depth are severely underestimated while the transition from Sc to shallow Cu is “delayed” and offshore Sc cover is too extensive in the subtropical Eastern Pacific. We discuss the possible connections between these differences in the simulations and differences in the parameterizations of shallow convection and boundary layer turbulence in the two models. 相似文献
14.
阵风特性研究是大风预报和服务的基础。基于2011-2013年浙江省自动气象站逐日逐10 min测风资料,分析了浙江省陆地和近海海面冷空气、热带气旋和强对流大风的阵风系数特征。结果表明:冷空气和热带气旋大风阵风系数空间分布基本相同,大风主要发生在近海海面和沿海地区,海面阵风系数一般小于1.5,等值线平行于海岸线且自西向东逐渐减小,陆地阵风系数一般大于2.0,山区可超过3.0,表现出地形对阵风系数的增强作用。强对流大风阵风系数明显高于业务规范平均值,发生地点遍及浙江省各地,但发生概率超过10%的站点主要位于沿海地区和近海海面。风向基本不影响阵风系数空间分布。冷空气和热带气旋站点阵风系数与海拔高度有较高正相关性。模糊聚类分析发现:浙江省400 m以上山区站与70 m以下的低海拔站点在阵风系数特征上分属不同空间类型;基于逐步回归建立站点阵风系数预报模型,检验表明:模糊聚类可帮助提高模型阵风系数预报能力。 相似文献
15.
为更好理解沿海区域近地面风速衰减规律及其内在机制并获取适用于业务观测风速数据的分析方法,通过引入内边界层厚度的发展机理,推导获得风速随离岸距离变化的数学解析拟合式。结合浙江省温州市境内一沿海区域6个自动气象站2014—2019年逐时风速观测数据应用该拟合式分析了风速随离岸距离的关系,结果表明不管是逐时风速还是逐日最大风速,其平均值均与离岸距离有着良好的负相关,并发现其衰减系数与风速有着密切关系。向岸流及离岸流的风速衰减特性均可以结合该拟合式用线性及幂数律拟合来体现,但后者可以更好地解释风速随离岸距离变化特征,并在较大风速(3~10 m/s)向岸流的背景条件下,获得合理可信的分析结果,说明该方法可以适用于近海岸区域风速观测数据的应用研究。 相似文献
16.
中尺度大气数值模式发展现状和应用前景 总被引：31，自引：12，他引：19
对国内外当前一些先进的中尺度大气数值模式的发展现状,应用前景及发展趋势作了概要综述。其内容包括：模式动力学的改进,叫就度模拟系统特征,区域谱模 发展积云参数化和显式云物理方案,行星边界层参数化,大气辐射参数、四维资料同化,区域实时数值天气预报,中尺度数值天气预报应用前景及新一代中尺度模式发展趋势。 相似文献
17.
深圳两次大雾天气过程对比分析及预报启示 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
2005年2月23-25日和2006年3月6日深圳分别出现了一次大雾天气。从天气学角度对两次大雾过程的形成原因、特点进行对比分析，分析表明：大雾天气需在一定的形势场中出现并维持，近地面层气象要素场的变化会促进大雾的形成、维持和消失，而近地面层风场或温度场的改变除了与其环境、当地气候特征有关外，与大的形势场是分不开的。通过对比，对深圳大雾天气的生消和维持机制有一定了解，对预报本地大雾天气有指示作用，也为其它地区特别是沿海地区雾的预报提供借鉴。 相似文献
18.
1614号超强台风“莫兰蒂”在浙江沿海降水预报偏小的原因 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
通过对1614号超强台风“莫兰蒂”在浙江沿海降水预报偏小的原因进行回顾,同时基于美国NOAA HYSPLIT4模式,对“莫兰蒂”水汽来源进行轨迹聚类,针对不同路径来源的水汽在“莫兰蒂”浙江沿海降水中的贡献差异进行定量分析,结果表明:数值模式对“莫兰蒂”路径预报偏西、降水预报偏小,直接影响了主观预报服务中降水强度和落区的判断,而数值产品对中纬度环流作用和浙江沿海台风倒槽的预报出现偏差,同时对1616号台风“马勒卡”路径预报偏东,导致主观预报忽略了“莫兰蒂”与其他天气系统的相互作用,影响了对降水动力和水汽因子的判断,也是降水预报偏小的原因之一。“莫兰蒂”水汽输送有3支气流,分别来自东北、东南和偏南洋(海)面,后2支气流为主要水汽来源,浙北沿海以东南向水汽输送最重要,对水汽和降水贡献高达70%以上,表现出1616号台风“马勒卡”对“莫兰蒂”在浙北沿海降水的重要作用,而浙南沿海台风本体的偏南气流与“马勒卡”的东南气流的水汽输送作用相当。可见台风降水预报中,需要密切关注台风环流与其它天气系统以及双台风间的相互作用。 相似文献
19.
根据国家海洋局1990~2003年《中国海洋灾害公报》中我国沿海赤潮的相关资料,分析了我国赤潮的时空分布特点,我国近几年赤潮发生增长较快,几乎全年都有发生,主要集中在5~9月,沿海各省都有赤潮发生,浙江省、长江口一带最盛。对浙江舟山沿海发生赤潮时的气象要素研究表明,其主要特点是湿度大、气压低、日照时间长、风向偏东居多。赤潮发生时的3个天气形势特征:高空西北偏西气流;地面一般为均压场,气压低;在我国东部沿海地区近地层有很大的东西向温度梯度,并分析了这样的形势适合赤潮发生的原因。 相似文献
20.
In this analysis, the weather research and forecasting model coupled with a single-layer urban canopy model is used to simulate the climatic impacts of urbanization in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei metropolitan area, which has experienced significant expansion in its urban areas. Two cases examining current landscapes and the sensitivity test of urban areas replaced by cropland have been carried out to explore the changes in the surface air and atmospheric boundary structure. The impact of urbanization on annual mean surface air temperature has been found to be more than 1 °C in urban areas, and the maximum difference is almost 2 °C. The change in near-surface level temperature is most pronounced in winter, but the area influenced by urbanization is slightly larger in summer. The annual mean water vapor mixing ratio and wind speed are both reduced in the urban area. The effect of urbanization can only heat the temperature inside the urban boundary layer, below 850 hPa. The modeling results also indicate that the underlying surface thermal forces induced by the “urban heat island” effect enhance vertical air movement and engenders a convergence zone over urban areas. The convergence at low level together with the moisture increases in the layer between 850 and 700 hPa triggered the increase of convective precipitation. 相似文献