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1.
The sounding data of meteorological satellites provide not only the real time weatherinformation about the distribution of both cloud and rainfall,but also some others about themovement and state of atmosphere.They are important variables and parameters for NWP modelused to simulate and predict atmospheric state.In order to introduce remote sensing informationfrom satellites into NWP model,there is an efficient way of establishing an RT model by use of theatmosphere radiation sounding data of meteorological satellites to get the variables and parametersvaluable to NWP model.In this paper,we set up profiles of air temperature and water vapor fromthe surface to upper (0.1 hPa) using the radiosounding data and the surface data from May toAugust 1998 atmosphere East Asia.A TOVS RT model (RTTOV5) is provided to compute thevalue of radiation value of HIRS channels in NOAA14.Then the radiation values of 19 HIRSchannels are gotten.After matching these data computed by the RT model and the correspondingvalues coming from satellite sounding in time,the statistic distribution of bias between tile modeloutput and the satellite sounding at each sounding channel can be gotten.At the same time.thedistribution of RMS to every TOVS HIRS channel,the standard biases to different scanning angleto each channel are also obtained.  相似文献   

2.
This paper presents a novel approach for assessing the precision of the wet refractivity field using BDS (BeiDou navigation satellite system) simulations only,GPS,and BDS+GPS for the Shenzhen and Hongkong GNSS network.The simulations are carried out by adding artificial noise to a real observation dataset.Instead of using the δ and σ parameters computed from slant wet delay,as in previous studies,we employ the Bias and RMS parameters,computed from the tomography results of total voxels,in order to obtain a more direct and comprehensive evaluation of the precision of the refractivity field determination.The results show that:(1) the precision of tropospheric wet refractivity estimated using BDS alone (only 9 satellites used) is basically comparable to that of GPS; (2) BDS+GPS (as of current operation) may not be able to significantly improve the data's spatial density for the application of refractivity tomography; and (3) any slight increase in the precision of refractivity tomography,particularly in the lower atmosphere,bears great significance for any applications dependent on the Chinese operational meteorological service.  相似文献   

3.
Fengyun-3 E(FY-3E),the world’s first early-morning-orbit meteorological satellite for civil use,was launched successfully at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center on 5 July 2021.The FY-3E satellite will fill the vacancy of the global early-morning-orbit satellite observation,working together with the FY-3C and FY-3D satellites to achieve the data coverage of early morning,morning,and afternoon orbits.The combination of these three satellites will provide global data coverage for numerical weather prediction(NWP)at 6-hour intervals,effectively improving the accuracy and time efficiency of global NWP,which is of great significance to perfect the global earth observing system.In this article,the background and meteorological requirements for the early-morning-orbit satellite are reviewed,and the specifications of the FY-3E satellite,as well as the characteristics of the onboard instrumentation for earth observations,are also introduced.In addition,the ground segment and the retrieved geophysical products are also presented.It is believed that the NWP communities will significantly benefit from an optimal temporal distribution of observations provided by the early morning,mid-morning,and afternoon satellite missions.Further benefits are expected in numerous applications such as the monitoring of severe weather/climate events,the development of improved sampling designs of the diurnal cycle for accurate climate data records,more efficient monitoring of air quality by thermal infrared remote sensing,and the quasicontinuous monitoring of the sun for space weather and climate.  相似文献   

4.
Meteorological satellite and satellite meteorology are the fastest developing new branches in the atmospheric sciences. Today the meteorological satellite has become a key element in the global atmospheric sounding system while the satellite meteorology is covering the main components of earth's system science. This article describes the major achievements that China has made in these fields in the past 30 years. The following contents are involved: (1) History and present status of China's meteorological satellites. It covers the development, launch, operation, technical parameters of China's polar and geostationary meteorological satellites. (2) Major achievements on remote sensing principle and method. It describes the retrieval of atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles, cloud character retrieval, aerosol character retrieval, precipitation retrieval as well as the generation of cloud wind. (3) Achievement on the studies of meteorological satellite data application. This part covers the applications of meteorological satellite data to weather analysis and forecast, numerical forecast, climate monitoring, and prediction of short-term climate change. Besides, the new results on data assimilation, climate monitoring, and forecast are also included.  相似文献   

5.
Ultraviolet (UV) solar radiation has a significant influence on human health, the environment and climate. A series of measurements, including UV radiation (290 400 nm) and global solar radiation (Rs), were continuously recorded from August 2004 at the Lhasa and Haibei sites on the Tibetan Plateau. Both observation sites' altitudes are above 3000 m and have similar meteorological conditions. The data from 2005 2006 was used to identify the varying characteristics of UV radiation. It's relation to the clearness index Ks, the relative optical mass mr, and Rs were established. The annual mean values of total daily UV radiation are 0.92 and 0.67 MJ m^-2 at Lhasa and Haibei, respectively. The UV radiation in Lhasa represented 4.6% of the global solar radiation while in Haibei this percentage was 4.2%. In the case of clear days (Ks 〉 0.8), these percentages ranged between 4.0% and 4.5% in Lhasa and between 5.1% and 5.5% in Haibei. In the case of cloudy days (Ks 〈 0.4), these percentages ranged from 4.4% to 6.8% in Lhasa and from 5.1% to 5.5% in Haibei. The maximum values of UV radiation for each relative optical mass diminished exponentially with mr. Thus, for Lhasa and Haibei, UV=46.25mr-129, and UV=51.76mr-142, respectively. The results of this study can be used to obtain more UV radiation data for the study of UV climate characteristics, the effects of UV on ecological processes and the feedback of the thinning of the stratospheric ozone, from more routine measurements Rs data.  相似文献   

6.
A real-time, long-term surface meteorological blended forcing dataset(SMBFD) has been developed based on station observations, satellite retrievals, and reanalysis products in China. The observations are collected at national and regional automatic weather stations, satellite data are obtained from the Fengyun(FY) series satellites retrievals, and the reanalysis products are obtained from the ECMWF. The 90-m resolution digital terrain elevation data in China are obtained from the Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission(SRTM) for temperature and humidity elevation adjustment.The dataset includes 2-m air temperature and humidity, 10-m zonal and meridional winds, downward shortwave radiation, surface pressure, and precipitation. The spatial resolution is 1 km, and the temporal resolution is 1 h. During the data processing procedure, various data fusion techniques including the space–time multiscale variational analysis, the discrete ordinates radiative transfer(DISORT) model, the hybrid radiation estimation model, and a terrain correction algorithm are employed. Dependent and independent evaluations of the dataset are performed against observations. The SMBFD dataset is also compared with similar datasets produced in other major meteorological operational centers in the world. The results are as follows.(1) All variables show reasonable geographic distribution features and realistic spatial and temporal variations.(2) Dependent and independent evaluations both indicate that the gridded SMBFD dataset is close to the observations, while the dependent evaluation yields better results than the independent evaluation.(3) Compared with similar datasets produced in other meteorological operational centers, the real-time and retrospective surface meteorological fusion data obviously have higher quality. The dataset introduced in the present study is in general stable and accurate, and can be applied in various practice such as meteorology, agriculture, ecology, environmental protection, etc. Meanwhile,this dataset has been used as the atmospheric forcing data to drive the operational High-resolution Land Data Assimilation System of China Meteorological Administration. The dataset with the network Common Data Form(NETCDF) can be decoded by various programming languages, and it is freely available to non-commercial users.  相似文献   

7.
ABSTRACT Daily average net radiation (DANR) is an important variable for estimating evapotranspiration from satellite data at regional scales, and is used for atmospheric and hydrologic modeling, as well as ecosystem management. A scheme is proposed to estimate the DANR over large heterogeneous areas under clear-sky conditions using only remotely sensed data. The method was designed to overcome the dependence of DANR estimates on ground data, and to map spatially consistent and reasonably distributed DANR, by using various land and atmospheric data products retrieved from MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data. An improved sinusoidal model was used to retrieve the diurnal variations of downward shortwave radiation using a single instantaneous value from satellites. The downward shortwave component of DANR was directly obtained from this instantaneous value, and the upward shortwave component was estimated using satellite-derived albedo products. Four observations of air temperature from MOD07_L2 and MYD07_L2 data products were used to derive the downward longwave component of DANR, while the upward longwave component was estimated using the land surface temperature (LST) and the surface emissivity from MOD1 l_L2. Compared to in situ observations at the cropland and grassland sites located in Tongyu, northern China, the root mean square error (RMSE) of DANR estimated for both sites under clear-sky conditions was 37 W m-2 and 40 W m-2, respectively. The errors in estimation of DANR were comparable to those from previous satellite-based methods. Our estimates can be used for studying the surface radiation balance and evapotranspiration.  相似文献   

8.
In this paper, the decade data of meteorological satellite and surface meteorological observation of China have been analysed. The relationship between cloud and radiation has been studied. A set of empirical formulae of the ralationships between the albedo and cloud amount, the outgoing longwave radiation and cloud amount in Chinese different districts and different seasons has been deduced. They express simply the response of both planet reflectivity and earth-atmosphere outgoing longwave radiation to the change of cloud amount. So that the sensitivity of net radiation of the earth-atmosphere system to the change of cloud amount and the ratio of cloud reflective effect to greenhouse effect can be estimated. In this paper, the radiative process of the earth-atmosphere system, cloud and radiative balance and its effect on climate have been synthetically studied.  相似文献   

9.
Considering the urban characteristics, a customized multi-scale numerical modeling system is established to simulate the urban meteorological environment.THE system mainly involves three spatial scales;the urban scale, urban sub-domain scale, and single to few buildings scale. In it, different underlying surface types are employed, the building drag factor is used to replace its roughness in the influence on the urban wind field, the effects of building distribution, azimuth and screening of shortwave radiation are added, and the influence of anthropogenic heating is also taken into account. All the numerical tests indicate that the simulated results are reasonably in agreement with the observational data, so the system can be used to simulate the urban meteorological environment. Making use of it, the characteristics of the meteorological environment from the urban to urban sub-domain scales, even the among-buildings scale,can be recognized. As long as the urban planning scheme is given, the corresponding simulated results can be obtained so as to meet the need of optimizing urban planning.  相似文献   

10.
Based on normalized six-hourly black body temperature (TBB) data of three geostationary meteorological satellites,the leading modes of the mei-yu cloud system between 1998 and 2008 were extracted by the Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) method,and the transition processes from the first typical leading mode to other leading modes were discussed and compared.The analysis shows that,when the southern mode (EOF1) transforms to the northeastern mode (EOF3),in the mid-troposphere,a low trough develops and moves southeastward over central and eastern China.The circulation pattern is characterized by two highs and one low in the lower troposphere.A belt of low pressure is sandwiched between the weak high over central and western China and the strong western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH).Cold air moves southward along the northerly flow behind the low,and meets the warm and moist air between the WNPSH and the forepart of the low trough,which leads to continuous convection.At the same time,the central extent of the WNPSH increases while its ridge extends westward.In addition,transitions from the southern mode to the dual centers mode and the tropical-low-influenced mode were found to be atypical,and so no common points could be concluded.Furthermore,the choice of threshold value can affect the number of samples discussed.  相似文献   

11.
In this paper, the latest progress, major achievements and future plans of Chinese meteorological satellites and the core data processing techniques are discussed. First, the latest three FengYun(FY) meteorological satellites(FY-2 H, FY-3 D, and FY-4 A) and their primary objectives are introduced. Second, the core image navigation techniques and accuracies of the FY meteorological satellites are elaborated, including the latest geostationary(FY-2/4) and polar-orbit(FY-3) satellites. Third,the radiometric calibration techniques and accuracies of reflective solar bands, thermal infrared bands, and passive microwave bands for FY meteorological satellites are discussed. It also illustrates the latest progress of real-time calibration with the onboard calibration system and validation with different methods, including the vicarious China radiance calibration site calibration, pseudo invariant calibration site calibration, deep convective clouds calibration, and lunar calibration. Fourth,recent progress of meteorological satellite data assimilation applications and quantitative science produce are summarized at length. The main progress is in meteorological satellite data assimilation by using microwave and hyper-spectral infrared sensors in global and regional numerical weather prediction models. Lastly, the latest progress in radiative transfer, absorption and scattering calculations for satellite remote sensing is summarized, and some important research using a new radiative transfer model are illustrated.  相似文献   

12.
我国气象卫星的发展与应用   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
许健民  杨军  张志清  孙安来 《气象》2010,36(7):94-100
本文介绍了风云系列气象卫星的现状,从观测内容、技术水平、业务运行、数据共享、应用等多个方面比较了国际和中国气象卫星的发展状况,并且提出了我国为提高气象卫星应用水平应该做的工作。经过四十多年的努力,我国已经成功地发展了风云一号、三号极轨和风云二号静止两个系列的气象卫星,并实现了业务化。从气象卫星获取的大气和地表信息,已被广泛应用于天气预报、气候预报、环境和自然灾害监测、农业等多个国民经济领域,为国家经济发展、社会进步做出了贡献。风云气象卫星不仅提供数据直接分发广播,而且通过Internet网络与用户广泛共享;不仅提供云图和观测数据,还提供大量的定量产品。但是风云气象卫星的定量产品精度不够高,影响了使用效果,我国气象卫星资料和产品进入数值预报模式的工作进展缓慢,基层台站预报人员对风云气象卫星云图的判读和应用水平不够高。提高卫星观测仪器的研发水平,做好数据预处理、处理、同化方面所涉及的基础理论研究工作,从根本上提高数据应用的水平是当务之急。  相似文献   

13.
Following the progress of satellite data assimilation in the 1990s, the combination of meteorological satellites and numerical models has changed the way scientists understand the earth. With the evolution of numerical weather prediction models and earth system models, meteorological satellites will play a more important role in earth sciences in the future. As part of the space-based infrastructure, the Fengyun (FY) meteorological satellites have contributed to earth science sustainability studies through an open data policy and stable data quality since the first launch of the FY-1A satellite in 1988. The capability of earth system monitoring was greatly enhanced after the second-generation polar orbiting FY-3 satellites and geostationary orbiting FY-4 satellites were developed. Meanwhile, the quality of the products generated from the FY-3 and FY-4 satellites is comparable to the well-known MODIS products. FY satellite data has been utilized broadly in weather forecasting, climate and climate change investigations, environmental disaster monitoring, etc. This article reviews the instruments mounted on the FY satellites. Sensor-dependent level 1 products (radiance data) and inversion algorithm-dependent level 2 products (geophysical parameters) are introduced. As an example, some typical geophysical parameters, such as wildfires, lightning, vegetation indices, aerosol products, soil moisture, and precipitation estimation have been demonstrated and validated by in-situ observations and other well-known satellite products. To help users access the FY products, a set of data sharing systems has been developed and operated. The newly developed data sharing system based on cloud technology has been illustrated to improve the efficiency of data delivery.  相似文献   

14.
冯小虎  郭强 《气象科技》2018,46(1):34-38
卫星空间位置部署调整过程中,新旧卫星业务的切换期间,卫星观测业务服务的暂停是不可避免的。随着气象卫星应用范围的扩大和服务需求的增多,卫星布局调整过程中保证业务服务不中断、业务质量不降低成为卫星业务管理的迫切需求。根据风云二号卫星和地面应用系统的业务体系和技术特点,研究了双星共轨工作的技术条件和业务影响,提出利用双星共轨技术实现新旧卫星更替时业务无缝切换的方案。采用双星共轨技术和业务无缝切换方法实现了风云二号卫星D、E、F、G的业务布局调整,达到了卫星业务不中断、业务质量不降低的目标。  相似文献   

15.
聂晶  张媛媛  郭强  陈丽 《气象科技》2022,50(3):355-360
风云三号系列气象卫星使用8025~8400 MHz频段将卫星探测数据传输给地面,该频段还有其它系统在使用,极易干扰风云三号气象卫星星地通讯,影响数据传输。目前,在该频段开展的兼容性分析研究工作中,所采取的系统关键特性参数和干扰保护限值大多数是直接引用国际电联相关建议书,没有对被干扰系统做干扰门限的精细计算,导致协调评估结果不准确,这也给该段频谱的协调使用和精细化管理等工作留下了很多潜在隐患。研究了卫星系统集总和单入干扰门限的计算方法,并根据风云三号卫星数据传输链路实际特性参数,分别得出其长期和短期集总干扰门限,并进一步研究得到来自空间长期和短期单入干扰协调门限,以及来自地面的长期和短期单入干扰协调门限,这些门限直接应用于风云三号气象卫星的频谱兼容性研究和频率协调,提高协调效率和协调精度。  相似文献   

16.
我国风云极轨气象卫星数据,目前已经被应用在天气预报、气候预测、自然灾害、环境监测、科学研究等多个重要领域,为我国国民经济建设、国防建设、防灾减灾和全球许多国家的经济发展做出了重要贡献。本文介绍了我国风云极轨气象卫星的发展历程,重点阐述了目前风云极轨气象卫星在卫星数据预处理、定量产品反演、卫星资料同化等方面的应用研究进展,并展示了第二代风云极轨气象卫星在全球业务观测、大气三维探测、海洋环境监测、数值预报应用等相关典型应用。在国家创新战略发展框架下,根据“国家级气象现代化总体方案”确定的2020年气象卫星及应用发展目标,第二代极轨气象卫星风云三号03批卫星系统工程必将进一步发挥重大支撑作用。  相似文献   

17.
该文回顾了环境气象卫星可见光红外光学成像遥感仪器50多年的发展历程,从不同时期在轨运行的近百台 (套) 仪器中选择了12种作为代表,结合仪器功能性能技术指标和应用需求梳理分析了其历史发展脉络和主流业务发展趋势,并初步探讨了创新发展方向。50多年的发展可以分为3个阶段:早期探索20年, 美国第1代探索性仪器,开创了气象卫星对地观测的先河;初步应用20年, 基本形成初步应用格局,欧洲、中国等开始发展自己的环境气象卫星光学成像遥感仪器;稳定应用和进步发展10多年。新一代极轨卫星可见光红外光学成像遥感仪器,其典型特征是光谱波段20个以上,谱段带宽窄,光谱范围全面覆盖0.4~15 μm,辐射测量精度高,空间分辨率为200~1000 m,其改进型仪器代表了未来极轨气象卫星主流业务发展趋势。静止气象卫星可见光红外光学成像遥感仪器未来主流业务发展方向的典型特点是光谱波段15个以上,谱段带宽较窄,光谱范围全面覆盖0.4 ~15 μm,辐射测量精度高,空间分辨率为500~2000 m,圆盘图成像速度可达到分钟级,区域扫描速度更快。  相似文献   

18.
中国气象卫星和卫星气象研究的回顾和发展   总被引:14,自引:5,他引:14  
气象卫星和卫星气象是大气科学中发展最迅速、成就最显著的一项大气探测技术和新兴的分支学科。目前 ,气象卫星已经成为地球大气探测系统中的主要成员 ,而卫星气象学则正在覆盖地球系统科学中的主要方面。文中从 3个方面综述自 2 0世纪 70年代以来的 30多年时间内 ,中国在这一领域内取得的主要成就 :(1)中国气象卫星的发展历史和现状 ,重点介绍了中国的极轨和地球静止气象卫星的发射、运行状况和主要技术指标及发展史。 (2 )气象卫星遥感原理和方法等方面的主要成果 ,重点评述了大气温湿廓线遥感反演、云特性反演、气溶胶特性反演、降水反演和云迹风生成等 5个方面的主要成果。 (3)气象卫星资料应用研究成果 ,主要包括气象卫星资料在天气分析和预报中的应用、在数值预报中的应用和在气候监测和短期气候预测中的应用。此外还包括同化和气候监测与预测研究的最新成果。  相似文献   

19.
针对风云二号气象卫星区域扫描模式下姿态求解问题,提出了分别基于区域观测图像、姿态预报和粗-精姿态关系模型3种不同的卫星姿态求解方法,并分析了它们的适用条件。利用FY-2E卫星获取的2013年7月8—14日的图像进行模拟分析,姿态计算结果表明:利用基于区域观测图像方法求解的姿态对区域观测云图进行定位,误差保持在2.5个红外像元以内,该方法适用于连续区域观测情况;利用基于预报的姿态求解方法对未来24 h内区域观测云图进行定位,平均误差达到1个红外像元,该方法适用于临时启动区域观测时前24 h的区域云图定位。利用粗-精姿态关系模型方法求解的姿态对区域观测云图进行定位,最大误差为4.9个红外像元,前24 h平均误差为3.6个红外像元,该方法可以在无精姿态数据时对区域观测图像进行应急定位。  相似文献   

20.
贾耀红  裘奕  郭强 《气象科技》2021,49(3):342-347
风云四号(FY-4)静止气象卫星是通过测量多个地面站到卫星的距离实现对卫星的轨道确定和预报,所以测距站站址坐标是影响定轨精度的主要因素之一。星地间距离通常是指地面天线相位中心到卫星天线相位中心之间的距离,但是FY-4测距站天线的相位中心无法用作测距距离起始参考点和站址坐标测量点。本文针对FY-4测距站简易半转台天线的特殊结构,结合卡塞格伦天线的工作原理,确定出测距距离起始参考点及站址坐标测量点,并给出这两者之间距离的修正算法。最后根据FY-4卫星太空分布位置及各个测距站跟踪状况分析了修正结果,并对在工程中实施方法提出了建议。  相似文献   

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