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1.
Paleoclimate Modelling at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
Paleoclimate modelling is one of the core topics in the Past Global Changes project under the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme and has received much attention worldwide in recent decades. Here we summarize the research on the Paleoclimate modeling, including the Holocene, Last Glacial Maximum, and pre-Quaternary climate intervals or events performed at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics under the Chinese Academy of Sciences (IAP/CAS) for over one decade. As an attempt to review these academic activities, we emphasize that vegetation and ocean feedbacks can amplify East Asian climate response to the Earth’s orbital parameters and atmospheric CO2 concentration at the mid-Holocene. At the Last Glacial Maximum, additional cooling in interior China is caused by the feedback effects of East Asian vegetation and the ice sheet over the Tibetan Plateau, and the regional climate model RegCM2 generally reduces data-model discrepancies in East Asia. The simulated mid-Pliocene climate is characterized by warmer and drier conditions as well as significantly weakened summer and winter monsoon systems in interior China. On a tectonic timescale, both the Tibetan Plateau uplift and the Paratethys Sea retreat play important roles in the formation of East Asian monsoon-dominant environmental pattern during the Cenozoic. 相似文献
2.
Dabang Jiang Ge Yu Ping Zhao Xing Chen Jian Liu Xiaodong Liu Shaowu Wang Zhongshi Zhang Yongqiang Yu Yuefeng Li Liya Jin Ying Xu Lixia Ju Tianjun Zhou Xiaodong Yan 《大气科学进展》2015,32(2):250-275
This paper provides a review of paleoclimate modeling activities in China. Rather than attempt to cover all topics, we have chosen a few climatic intervals and events judged to be particularly informative to the international community. In historical climate simulations, changes in solar radiation and volcanic activity explain most parts of reconstructions over the last millennium prior to the industrial era, while atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations play the most important role in the20 th century warming over China. There is a considerable model–data mismatch in the annual and boreal winter temperature change over China during the mid-Holocene [6000 years before present(ka BP)], while coupled models with an interactive ocean generally perform better than atmospheric models. For the Last Glacial Maximum(21 ka BP), climate models successfully reproduce the surface cooling trend over China but fail to reproduce its magnitude, with a better performance for coupled models. At that time, reconstructed vegetation and western Pacific sea surface temperatures could have significantly affected the East Asian climate, and environmental conditions on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau were most likely very different to the present day. During the late Marine Isotope Stage 3(30–40 ka BP), orbital forcing and Northern Hemisphere glaciation, as well as vegetation change in China, were likely responsible for East Asian climate change. On the tectonic scale,the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau uplift, the Tethys Sea retreat, and the South China Sea expansion played important roles in the formation of the East Asian monsoon-dominant environment pattern during the late Cenozoic. 相似文献
3.
南海夏季风撤退期的气候特征I——40年平均 总被引：31，自引：2，他引：31
近年来广州地区的气溶胶污染日趋严重,灰霾天气主要出现在10月～次年4月。大气灰霾导致能见度恶化。自1980年代初开始,该地区的能见度急剧恶化,灰霾天气显著增加,其中有3次大的波动,分别代表广州地区经济发展相伴随的粉尘污染、硫酸盐加粉尘污染、光化学过程的细粒子加硫酸盐加粉尘的复合污染时期。雾和轻雾造成的低能见度的长期变化趋势,没有由于人类活动影响或经济发展影响带来的趋势性变化,其波动主要反映了气候波动固有的年际和年代际变化。广州地区能见度的恶化主要与细粒子有关,PM10有一半季均值超过国家二级标准的日均值浓度限值,而PM2.5季均值全部超过美国国家标准的日均值浓度限值,细粒子浓度甚高。另外PM2.5占PM10的比重非常高,可达62%～69%,尤其是旱季比雨季更高。 相似文献
4.
青藏高原隆升影响夏季大气环流的敏感性试验 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
本文用球带范围的大气环流耦合模式，模拟了青藏高原隆升过程中大气环流的变化。模拟的结果表明，高原对大气的加热作用随着高原地形的升高而加强，而其中潜热加热的贡献占据第一位。高原隆升加剧了高原上空大气的上升运动，使高低空的高低压系统得到了加强，增强了南亚和东亚的季风强度，并且引起高原地区降水明显增加，地表面平均温度剧烈下降。尽管如此，青藏高原的隆升并没有从根本上改变大气环流形势，海陆分布才是形成当代大气环流及季风的根本因子。因此，要模拟地质历史时期气候状况，除了高原地形外，还须考虑更多的因子，尤其是海陆分布的变化。 相似文献
5.
针对青藏高原热力强迫作用对东亚夏季风强度、南海夏季风爆发早晚、南海周边区域旱涝的影响,以及在全球变暖背景下其对降水格局的影响等科学研究进行了总结回顾,并就青藏高原热力作用对南海周边区域夏季气候的影响科学问题进行了探讨。研究表明,高原冬春积雪异常通过影响雪盖反照率、改变辐射平衡和通过积雪-水文效应改变土壤湿度两个途径来影响东亚夏季风;通过改变大陆-海洋经向热力对比影响南海季风爆发早晚;通过改变西太平洋副高位置和季风环流变化来影响华南和长江流域夏季降水的分布。在全球变暖背景下,青藏高原感热加热的减弱可能对降水年代际“南涝北旱”格局的形成具有重要贡献。随着全球变暖减缓,青藏高原中部和东部的感热呈现出复苏态势,“南涝北旱”的降水格局分布在将来有可能被打破。 相似文献
6.
Sensitivity of East Asian climate to the progressive uplift and expansion of the Tibetan Plateau under the mid-Pliocene boundary conditions 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
A global atmospheric general circulation model has been used to perform eleven idealized numerical experiments, i.e., TP10, TP10, .., TP100, corresponding to different percentages of the Tibetan Plateau altitude. The aim is to explore the sensitivity of East Asian climate to the uplift and expansion of the Tibetan Plateau under the reconstructed boundary conditions for the mid-Pliocene about 3 Ma ago. When the plateau is progressively uplifted, global annual surface temperature is gradually declined and statistically significant cooling signals emerge only in the Northern Hemisphere, especially over and around the Tibetan Plateau, with larger magnitudes over land than over the oceans. On the contrary, annual surface temperature rises notably over Central Asia and most parts of Africa, as well as over northeasternmost Eurasia in the experiments TP60 to TP100. Meanwhile, the plateau uplift also leads to annual precipitation augmentation over the Tibetan Plateau but a reduction in northern Asia, the Indian Peninsula, much of Central Asia, parts of western Asia and the southern portions of northeastern Europe. Additionally, it is found that an East Asian summer monsoon system similar to that of the present initially exists in the TP60 and is gradually intensified with the continued plateau uplift. At 850 hPa the plateau uplift induces an anomalous cyclonic circulation around the Tibetan Plateau in summertime and two anomalous westerly currents respectively located to the south and north of the Tibetan Plateau in wintertime. In the mid-troposphere, similarto-modern spatial pattern of summertime western North Pacific subtropical high is only exhibited in the experiments TP60 to TP100, and the East Asian trough is steadily deepened in response to the progressive uplift and expansion of the Tibetan Plateau. 相似文献
7.
青藏高原大气水分循环特征 总被引：17，自引：3，他引：14
青藏高原对亚洲季风环流的形成有重要作用,同时作为"世界屋脊"拥有丰富的冰川、积雪、河流、湖泊和地下蓄水层。青藏高原特殊大地形动力和热力作用深刻地影响着亚洲与全球大气水分循环,也对全球气候与环境产生深远的影响。基于青藏高原在亚洲夏季风系统大气水分循环过程的重要地位,从青藏高原对全球大气水分循环重要作用的视角,综述了青藏高原大气水分循环过程中青藏高原局地热力对流、高原的"阶梯式"水汽流爬升"第二类条件不稳定(CISK)"物理模型、青藏高原视热源结构影响及多尺度水汽汇流通道、海洋-青藏高原"水汽源-汇"结构、青藏高原跨半球垂直环流圈水分循环结构、青藏高原大气水分循环综合模型等的相关研究进展,剖析了青藏高原大气水分循环综合模型的研究背景,探讨了青藏高原特殊大地形热力驱动机制及其云水效应,描述出与青藏高原热力驱动的亚洲区域和跨半球垂直环流圈水分循环结构,揭示了青藏高原热力强迫与海洋-大气-陆地水文过程特殊的相互反馈作用。青藏高原发源的亚洲河流水系是为人口众多的亚洲区域供给生活、农业和工业用水的重要水资源之一。因此,认识在全球变暖背景下青藏高原的水分循环及其对水资源变化影响至关重要,仍需深入地探讨青藏高原大气水分循环机制及其全球影响效应。 相似文献
8.
青藏高原汛期(5—9月)降水具有南北反相的空间分布特征,利用青藏高原67个台站1967—2008年逐月降水资料,分别讨论了汛期各月降水的主要空间分布型以及初夏(5—6月)和盛夏(7—8月)对应的水汽配置和环流异常.结果表明:初夏高原降水以南北反相型(North-South Reverse Type,NSRT)为主,全区一致型(Whole Region Consistent Type,WRCT)次之;盛夏高原降水以WRCT为主.高原降水呈现NSRT分布时,初夏水汽由高原南部输向北部,而盛夏高原北部为水汽辐合区,南部为水汽辐散区.高原降水呈现WRCT分布时,初夏高原水汽主要来自西太平洋,盛夏水汽主要来自阿拉伯海向东转向的水汽输送,该水汽输送由高原西南地区进入高原.在500 hPa位势高度场上,初夏(盛夏)降水两种主要空间分布型的位势高度差异以经(纬)向差异为主,且影响高原降水异常分布的系统多为深厚系统. 相似文献
9.
Relations between Tibetan Plateau precipitation and large-scale climate indices are studied based on the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the boreal summer season. The focus is on the decadal variability of links between the large-scale circulation and the plateau drought and wetness. Analysis of teleconnectivity of the continental northern hemisphere standardized summer precipitation reveals the Tibetan Plateau as a major SPI teleconnectivity center in south-eastern Asia connecting remote correlation patterns over Eurasia. Employing a moving window approach, changes in covariability and synchronizations between Tibetan Plateau summer SPI and climate indices are analyzed on decadal time scales. Decadal variability in the relationships between Tibetan Plateau summer SPI and the large-scale climate system is characterized by three shifts related to changes in the North Atlantic, the Indian Ocean, and the tropical Pacific. Changes in the North Atlantic variability (North Atlantic Oscillation) result in a stable level of Tibetan Plateau summer SPI variability; the response to changes in tropical Pacific variability is prominent in various indices such as Asian monsoon, Pacific/North America, and East Atlantic/Western Russia pattern.
相似文献10.
The extremely heavy Meiyu in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in 2020 features early beginning, extremely late retreat, long duration, and a dramatic north-south swing rain belt. It can be divided into three phases. The key point of the extremely heavy Meiyu is the long duration of precipitation. The physical mechanism of the phased variation is researched here by analyzing the phased evolution of atmospheric circulation, the thermal effect of Tibetan Plateau, the sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA), and tropical convection. The results show that: (1) Throughout the whole Meiyu season, the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) is stronger and westward, the South Asian high (SAH) is stronger and eastward, and blocking highs are very active with different patterns at different stages; they all form flat mid-latitude westerlies with fluctuation interacting with WPSH and SAH, causing their ridges and the rain belt to swing drastically from north to south or vice versa. (2) The higher temperatures in the upper and middle atmosphere in the eastern and southern Tibetan Plateau and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, which are produced by the warm advection transport, the heat sources in Tibetan Plateau, and the latent heat of condensation of Meiyu, contribute greatly to the stronger and westward WPSH and the stronger and eastward SAH. The dry-cold air brought by the fluctuating westerlies converges with the warm-humid air over Tibetan Plateau, resulting in precipitation, which in turn enhances the heat source of Tibetan Plateau and regulates the swings of WPSH and SAH. (3) Different from climatological analysis, real-time SSTA in the Indian Ocean has no obviously direct effect on WPSH and Meiyu. The anomalous distribution and phased evolution process of real-time SSTA in South China Sea and the tropical western Pacific affect WPSH and Meiyu significantly through tropical convection and heat sources. The maintenance of strong positive SSTA in the western equatorial Pacific is a critical reason for the prolonged Meiyu season. Both the onset and the retreat of Meiyu in 2020 are closely related to the intensified positive SSTA and corresponding typhoons on the ocean east of the Philippines. 相似文献
11.
Using an improved CCM1/NCAR climate dynamic model and a combination distribution of land-ocean-vegetation during 40-50 MaBP,a series of numerical experiments representing different stages of the Tibetan Plateau uplifting and different land-ocean distributions are designed to discuss the influence of the Plateau uplifting and land-ocean distribution variation on Asian climate change.It is shown that Tibetan Plateau uplifting can firstly increase the precipitation in China during the period from initial uplift to half height of modern Tibetan Plateau and then decrease the rainfall during the time from the half height to the present plateau. At the same time.the uplifting can reduce surface air temperature over China.Besides.the effects of the uplift and land-ocean distribution change on the variation of winter and summer Asian monsoon circulation are also discussed. 相似文献
12.
本文利用耦合气候模式研究了“有/无”青藏高原和落基山脉对厄尔尼诺—南方涛动（ENSO）的影响,并从温度变率方程的角度详细分析了ENSO变化的成因,结果表明:移除青藏高原或落基山脉均会造成ENSO变率增强;ENSO变率在无青藏高原试验中增强的幅度比在无落基山脉试验中更大。ENSO变率在地形敏感性试验中的变化与热带太平洋平均气候态的改变密切相关。移除青藏高原后热带太平洋信风减弱,大气对流中心东移,混合层变浅,温跃层变平,呈现出El Ni?o型海温分布,这些平均态的变化使海表风应力敏感性,Ekman抽吸敏感性以及温跃层敏感性幅度增强,最终导致ENSO振幅增大60%。然而,在移除落基山脉的情景下,热带太平洋信风变化更加复杂,大气对流中心稍有东移,混合层加深,温跃层变平,呈现出类La Ni?a型海温分布。这些变化增强了风应力敏感性和温跃层敏感性,最终导致ENSO振幅仅增大15%左右。本文研究表明,在地质时间尺度上青藏高原和落基山脉的抬升均抑制了ENSO变率。 相似文献
13.
青藏高原夏季风对长江中下游气候的影响及与南亚高压的联系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用1951～2011年NCEP/NCAR第一套逐月再分析资料和国家气候中心提供的全国160站逐月的降水和气温资料.通过相关分析得出该指数与长江中下游的夏季降水（温度）存在正（负）相关（均通过了95％的显著性检验）.高原夏季风存在明显的年际和年代际变化,1979年是其突变点.高原夏季风与副热带高压以及南亚高压的特征参数之间存在较好的相关性.高原夏季风偏强（弱）时,南亚高压出现青藏高原（伊朗高原）模态,强度减弱（增强）且东伸（西退）,副高增强（减弱）且西伸（东退）.南亚高压的各个特征参数都存在共同2～4年周期振荡,且高原夏季风与南亚高压主中心的经度（纬度）在3～5年（3～4年以及5～6年）上的显著关系最好. 相似文献
14.
利用ERA-Interim和APHRO_MA资料分析了1979～2007年间青藏高原西部春季（3～5月）降水的年代际变化趋势及可能原因。结果表明,青藏高原西部局部区域春季降水呈显著减少趋势,降水的变化趋势与其西南部辐合上升运动及阿拉伯海北部水汽含量变化存在联系。发现研究区春季降水增加时伴随其西南部显著的辐合上升异常,同时高层（500 hPa）位势高度场负异常中心与环流的气旋式正异常中心一致,而低层（850 hPa）的辐合上升异常相对较弱;研究区春季降水增加同时伴随阿拉伯海北部至研究区西南部的高、低层比湿正异常,其中低层的比湿正异常更为显著,其正异常中心均位于阿拉伯海北部。上述区域的水汽输送能解释研究区春季降水55.3%的变化,同时两者的变化趋势具有很好相关性。研究显示1979～2007年间研究区春季降水呈下降趋势主要是由阿拉伯海北部低层向印度次大陆水汽输送减少,以及研究区南部高层辐合上升运动减弱造成的。青藏高原西部春季降水变化趋势和相关区域水汽变化的一致性,可以为分析高原气候变化提供依据。 相似文献
15.
SENSITIVITY EXPERIMENTS ON INFLUENCES OF UPLIFT OF QINGHAI-XIZANG PLATEAU ON CIRCULATION IN SUMMER 
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下载免费PDF全文 A coupled general circulation model in a zonal belt is used to simulate the variation of circulationfeatures in the process of uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.The results reveal that the heatingrates of the Plateau increase with the rising of the Plateau topography,and the latent heating compo-nent in the heating field tends to be the most important heating factor.The uplift of the Plateau en-hances the upward motion,intensifies the pressure systems in the high and low level atmosphere,re-inforces Southeast Asia monsoon strength,increases precipitation and severely decreases the surfacetemperature over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.However.the basic structures of the general circulation do not vary much due to the uplift of theQinghai-Xizang Plateau.and it is the land-sea distribution that is the decisive factor to form the pre-sent circulation pattern and monsoon.Therefore,to simulate the paleoclimate during the geologicalperiod people should consider more factors,especially the land-sea distribution. 相似文献
16.
利用逐日NCEP/NCAR再分析资料分析了春夏过渡季节青减高原非绝热加热和大气环流季节变化以及亚洲季风爆发的关系.结果表明,过渡季节的早期(5月中旬以前)青藏高原总非绝热加热与感热加热的时间演变曲线趋势一致,感热加热在过渡季节早期的环流演变中有很重要的作用.青藏高原非绝热加热的时间演变与北半球环流的季节变化和亚洲夏季风爆发有很好的相关.在过渡季节里,青藏高原非绝热加热的变化引起了海-陆热力差异对比的变化,给亚洲夏季风的爆发建立了有利的背景环境,对亚洲夏季风爆发有明显的影响.结果还表明,用各区域纬向风垂直差异的时空分布能更准确地表示季节变化的区域差异. 相似文献
17.
高原低涡与西南涡结伴而行的不同活动形式个例的环境场和位涡分析 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
本文利用NCEP/NCAR-FNL再分析资料、历史天气图、青藏高原低涡切变线年鉴,通过分析1998~2015年持续高原涡影响西南涡结伴而行（简称两涡伴行）过程的活动形式,并对不同活动形式的个例进行了环境场与位涡分析,得出了不同活动形式两涡伴行的环境场特征,揭示了冷空气活动、200 hPa急流对不同活动形式的两涡伴行的影响原因。结果表明:（1）两涡伴行有三种活动形式,它们是高原涡诱发西南涡、高原涡与西南涡耦合以及同一天气系统下两涡,其中以高原涡诱发西南涡的活动形式占多数。（2）两涡伴行的500 hPa环境场主要是40°N以北东亚环流经向度不强,纬向气流主导,受500 hPa低槽、冷空气活动的影响;200 hPa环境场主要与200 hPa急流的强度、距急流核距离、在急流两侧的位置密切相关;不同活动形式的西南涡上空200 hPa、500 hPa环境场特征是有差别的。（3）受500 hPa低槽、冷空气影响的两涡伴行中的西南涡的生成是通过500 hPa高位涡空气伸入西南涡上空,造成西南涡上空斜压不稳定所至;在西南涡上空500 hPa斜压不稳定增强且具有较强的斜压不稳定时西南涡加强;200 hPa西南风急流影响高原涡诱发或耦合、加强西南涡是分别在高空高位涡下传影响到高原涡与西南涡上空、西南涡的情况下实现的,同一天气系统下,高空高位涡下传只影响高原涡,而未影响西南涡。 相似文献
18.
1988～1998年北半球积雪时空变化特征分析 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
利用NOAA提供的北半球近10年(1988～1998)逐周雪盖观测资料，通过引入年或季节累积雪盖周数作为对雪量累积情况的定量衡量，对北半球雪盖变化时空特征进行了分析。结果表明:近10年来，北半球积雪年际变化的关键区位于青藏高原、蒙古高原、欧洲阿尔卑斯山脉及北美中西部，其中青藏高原是北半球积雪异常变化最强烈的区域。青藏高原和欧亚大陆其他地区积雪变化的关联表现为两种不同的时空变化型，第一种型表现为青藏高原地区和其他地区(如欧洲、俄罗斯远东地区)积雪的同位相趋势性增多；第二种型表现为青藏高原地区和中亚地区积雪变化同位相，而和蒙古高原－我国东北地区积雪变化反位相的年际振荡。 相似文献
19.
WANG Xuezhong SUN Zhaobo HU Banghui TAN Yanke ZENG Gang 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2012,26(2):189-204
Based on the simulated ice thickness data from 1949 to 1999, monthly mean temperature data from 160
stations, and monthly mean 1°×1° precipitation data reconstructed from 749 stations in China from 1951 to
2000, the relationship between the Arctic sea ice thickness distribution and the climate of China is analyzed
by using the singular value decomposition method. Climate patterns of temperature and precipitation are
obtained through the rotated empirical orthogonal function analysis. The results are as follows. (1) Sea ice
in Arctic Ocean has a decreasing trend as a whole, and varies with two major periods of 12-14 and 16-20
yr, respectively. (2) When sea ice is thicker in central Arctic Ocean and Beaufort-Chukchi Seas, thinner in
Barents-Kara Seas and Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea, precipitation is less in southern China, Tibetan Plateau,
and the north part of northeastern China than normal, and vice versa. (3) When sea ice is thinner in the
whole Arctic seas, precipitation is less over the middle and lower reaches of Yellow River and north part of
northeastern China, more in Tibetan Plateau and south part of northeastern China than normal, and the
reverse is also true. (4) When sea ice is thinner in central Arctic Ocean, East Siberian Sea, Beaufort-Chukchi
Seas, and Greenland Sea; and thicker in Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea, air temperature is higher in northeastern
China, southern Tibetan Plateau, and Hainan Island than normal. (5) When sea ice is thicker in East
Siberian Sea 5 months earlier, thinner in Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea 7-15 months earlier, air temperature is
lower over the north of Tibetan Plateau and higher in the north part of northwestern China than normal,
and a reverse correlation also exists. 相似文献
20.
Based on the simulated ice thickness data from 1949 to 1999,monthly mean temperature data from 160 stations,and monthly mean 1 × 1 precipitation data reconstructed from 749 stations in China from 1951 to 2000,the relationship between the Arctic sea ice thickness distribution and the climate of China is analyzed by using the singular value decomposition method.Climate patterns of temperature and precipitation are obtained through the rotated empirical orthogonal function analysis.The results are as follows.(1) Sea ice in Arctic Ocean has a decreasing trend as a whole,and varies with two major periods of 12-14 and 16-20 yr,respectively.(2) When sea ice is thicker in central Arctic Ocean and Beaufort-Chukchi Seas,thinner in Barents-Kara Seas and Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea,precipitation is less in southern China,Tibetan Plateau,and the north part of northeastern China than normal,and vice versa.(3) When sea ice is thinner in the whole Arctic seas,precipitation is less over the middle and lower reaches of Yellow River and north part of northeastern China,more in Tibetan Plateau and south part of northeastern China than normal,and the reverse is also true.(4) When sea ice is thinner in central Arctic Ocean,East Siberian Sea,Beaufort-Chukchi Seas,and Greenland Sea;and thicker in Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea,air temperature is higher in northeastern China,southern Tibetan Plateau,and Hainan Island than normal.(5) When sea ice is thicker in East Siberian Sea 5 months earlier,thinner in Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea 7-15 months earlier,air temperature is lower over the north of Tibetan Plateau and higher in the north part of northwestern China than normal,and a reverse correlation also exists. 相似文献