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1.
200?years of European temperature variability: insights from and tests of the proxy surrogate reconstruction analog method 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
J?rg Franke J. Fidel Gonz��lez-Rouco David Frank Nicholas E. Graham 《Climate Dynamics》2011,37(1-2):133-150
Spatially resolved climate reconstructions are commonly derived from long instrumental series and proxy data via linear regression based approaches that use the main modes of the climate system. Such reconstructions have been shown to underestimate climate variability and are based upon the assumption that the main modes of climate variability are stationary back in time. Climate models simulate physically consistent climate fields but cannot be taken to represent the real past climate trajectory because of their necessarily simplified scope and chaotic internal variability. Here, we present sensitivity tests of, and a 200-year temperature reconstruction from, the PSR (Proxy Surrogate Reconstruction) method. This method simultaneously capitalizes on the individual strengths of instrumental/proxy data based reconstructions and model simulations by selecting the model states (analogs) that are most similar with proxy/instrumental data available at specific places and specific moments of time. Sensitivity experiments reveal an optimal PSR configuration and indicate that 6,500 simulation years of existing climate models provide a sufficient pool of possible analogs to skillfully reconstruct monthly European temperature fields during the past 200?years. Reconstruction verification based upon only seven instrumental stations indicates potential for extensions back in time using sparse proxy data. Additionally the PSR method allows evaluation of single time series, in this case the homogeneity of instrumental series, by identifying inconsistencies with the reconstructed climate field. We present an updated European temperature reconstruction including newly homogenized instrumental records performed with the computationally efficient PSR method that proves to capture the total variance of the target. 相似文献
2.
Summer temperature variations recorded in tree-ring ��13C values on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau
Guobao Xu Tuo Chen Xiaohong Liu Liya Jin Wenling An Wenzhi Wang 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2011,105(1-2):51-63
The source region of the Yangtze River is experiencing ever-faster glacier retreat and land deterioration as a result of climate change; however, understanding the past climate variability in the region is still limited by lack of long-term climate records. Here, we report a temperature-sensitive annual stable carbon isotope (??13C) series of Tibetan juniper (Sabina tibetica) tree rings from 1850 to 2002 in natural forests in the source region of the Yangtze River on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. The stable carbon discrimination (??13C) is significantly negatively correlated with the regional mean summer (May, June, and July) temperature, as well as with large-scale temperature variations. The reconstructed mean summer temperature explained about 44.3% of the total variance. It also agreed well with neighboring temperature proxies, including the ice-core ??18O series from the Guoqu glacier and from Dasuopu glacier and other tree-ring proxies. The cold and warm periods indicated by the climate reconstruction also coincide well with documented glacier advances and retreats in the eastern and southeastern Tibetan Plateau. The significant correlations among the reconstructed temperature, sea surface temperature (SSTNino3), and the Southern Oscillation index suggest the influences of synoptic atmospheric circulation on low-frequency variations in temperature on the region of the Yangtze River. 相似文献
3.
MULTIPLE TIME SCALE ANALYSIS OF CLIMATE VARIATION IN MACAU DURING THE LAST 100 YEARS 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The multiple time scale climate changes are studied and calculated with statistical analysis and wavelet transformation on the basis of daily series of observed data over the period 1901-2007 in Macau.The result shows that statistically significant oscillations with 2 to 5 years of period generally exist in the series of climate variables(e.g.annual mean surface air temperature and precipitation as well as evaporation etc.),but with obvious locality in time domain.The variation of annual mean surface air temperature has a quasi 60-year period.The phases of the 60-year variation approximately and consistently match that of Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation(AMO).The oscillations of seasonal mean surface air temperature in summer and winter have the periods of quasi 30-year and quasi 60-year,respectively.These two periods of oscillations have statistically significant correlation with Pacific decadal oscillation(PDO) and AMO,individually.The multidecadal variations of the precipitation of the annually first flood period and annual evaporation are dominated by periods of quasi 30-year and quasi 50-year,respectively. 相似文献
4.
The purpose of this research was to investigate the statistical relationship between an oxygen isotope chronology from southern
Greenland and climatic variables recorded at a coastal village. The response of the oxygen isotope time series to monthly
temperature and precipitation data was calculated using a combination of principal components factor analysis and multiple
regression analysis. Orthogonal eigenvectors extracted from 35 yr of climatic data reliably explained 59% of the temporal
variance in mean annual oxygen isotope values. The response functions demonstrate an apparent seasonal reversal in the relationship
between oxygen isotope values and temperature, with the response varying between a positive (direct) relationship in winter,
spring, and autumn, and a negative (indirect) relationship in summer. The results, and their implications, are shown to be
useful in the historical climatic reconstruction of the South Greenland region. 相似文献
5.
A 520 year record of summer sunshine for the eastern European Alps based on stable carbon isotopes in larch tree rings 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Polona Hafner Danny McCarroll Iain Robertson Neil J. Loader Mary Gagen Giles HF Young Roderick J. Bale Eloni Sonninen Tom Levanič 《Climate Dynamics》2014,43(3-4):971-980
A 520-year stable carbon isotope chronology from tree ring cellulose in high altitude larch trees (Larix decidua Mill.), from the eastern European Alps, correlates more strongly with summer temperature than with summer sunshine hours. However, when instrumental records of temperature and sunshine diverge after AD1980, the tree ring time series does not follow warming summer temperatures but more closely tracks summer sunshine trends. When the tree ring stable carbon isotope record is used to reconstruct summer temperature the reconstruction is not robust. Reconstructed temperatures prior to the twentieth century are higher than regional instrumental records, and the evolution of temperature conflicts with other regional temperature reconstructions. It is concluded that sunshine is the dominant control on carbon isotope fractionation in these trees, via the influence of photosynthetic rate on the internal partial pressure of CO2, and that high summer (July–August) sunshine hours is a suitable target for climate reconstruction. We thus present the first reconstruction of summer sunshine for the eastern Alps and compare it with the regional temperature evolution. 相似文献
6.
This paper concerns the reconstruction of a dynamic system based on phase space continuation of monthly mean temperature 1D
time series and the assumption that the equation for the time-varying evolution of phase-space state variables contains linear
and nonlinear quadratic terms, followed by the fitting of the dataset subjected to continuation so as to get, by the least
square method, the coefficients of the terms, of which those of greater variance contribution are retained for use. Results
show that the obtained low-order system may be used to describe nonlinear properties of the short range climate variation
shown by monthly mean temperature series. 相似文献
7.
Preliminary Study of Reconstruction of a Dynamic System Using an One－Dimensional Time Series 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Ｐｒｅｌｉｍｉｎａｒｙ Ｓｔｕｄｙ ｏｆ Ｒｅｃｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ａ Ｄｙｎａｍｉｃ Ｓｙｓｔｅｍ Ｕｓｉｎｇ ａｎ Ｏｎｅ－Ｄｉｍｅｎｓｉｏｎａｌ Ｔｉｍｅ ＳｅｒｉｅｓＰｅｎｇＹｏｕｎｇｉｎｇ（彭永清）；ＺｈｕＹｕｆｅｎｇ（朱育峰）ａ... 相似文献
8.
Petr Dobrovolný Anders Moberg Rudolf Brázdil Christian Pfister Rüdiger Glaser Rob Wilson Aryan van Engelen Danuta Limanówka Andrea Kiss Monika Halíčková Jarmila Macková Dirk Riemann Jürg Luterbacher Reinhard Böhm 《Climatic change》2010,101(1-2):69-107
Monthly temperature series for Central Europe back to AD 1500 are developed from documentary index series from Germany, Switzerland and the Czech Republic (1500–1854) and 11 instrumental temperature records (1760–2007). Documentary evidence from the Low Countries, the Carpathian Basin and Poland are used for cross-checking for earlier centuries. The instrumental station records are corrected for inhomogeneities, including insufficient radiation protection of early thermometers and the urban heat island effect. For overlapping period (1760–1854), the documentary data series correlate with instrumental temperatures, most strongly in winter (86% explained variance in January) and least in autumn (56% in September). For annual average temperatures, 81% of the variance is explained. Verification statistics indicate high reconstruction skill for most months and seasons. The last 20 years (since 1988) stand out as very likely the warmest 20-year period, accounting for the calibration uncertainty and decreases in proxy data quality before the calibration period. The new reconstruction displays a previously unobserved long-term decrease in DJF, MAM and JJA temperature variability over last five centuries. Compiled monthly, seasonal and annual series can be used to improve the robustness of gridded large-scale European temperature reconstructions and possible impact studies. Further improvement of the reconstruction would be achieved if documentary data from other European countries are further developed. 相似文献
9.
CLIMATE CHANGE: LONG-TERM TRENDS AND SHORT-TERM
OSCILLATIONS 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Identifying the Northern Hemisphere (NH) temperature reconstruction and instrumental data for
the past 1000 years shows that climate change in the last millennium includes long-term trends and various
oscillations. Two long-term trends and the quasi-70-year oscillation were detected in the global temperature
series for the last 140 years and the NH millennium series. One important feature was emphasized that
temperature decreases slowly but it increases rapidly based on the analysis of different series. Benefits can be
obtained of climate change from understanding various long-term trends and oscillations. Millennial temperature
proxies from the natural climate system and time series of nonlinear model system are used in understanding the
natural climate change and recognizing potential benefits by using the method of wavelet transform analysis. The
results from numerical modeling show that major oscillations contained in numerical solutions on the
interdecadal timescale are consistent with that of natural proxies. It seems that these oscillations in the climate
change are not directly linked with the solar radiation as an external forcing. This investigation may conclude
that the climate variability at the interdecadal timescale strongly depends on the internal nonlinear effects in the climate system. 相似文献
10.
20世纪全球表面温度场序列的插补试验 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
利用基于主分量典型相关分析的典型变量回归 (CVR)插补模式 ,在综合分析Jones等 5°× 5°格点温度资料覆盖率的演变情况、缺测场与基本场温度距平相关结构、稳定性的基础上 ,确定合理的插补方案 ,对其陆面格点温度场进行插补延长试验 ,得到了 1 90 0～ 1 998年连续、均一的全球月平均气温场序列。独立样本检验表明插补效果优良 ,总缺测场误差方差与原序列方差之比低于 0 .40。插补前后全球及纬向平均序列的演变特征基本一致 ,原 Jones序列的线性增温率较重建序列高0 .1 1℃ /(1 0 0年 ) ,可能与原 Jones场序列空间分布的不均一性有关 相似文献
11.
天山巩乃斯河源区树轮年表特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用树轮资料建立了天山巩乃斯河源区5个树轮采点的宽度年表,并对各采点的标准化年表进行特征分析。结果表明：巩乃斯林场5个采点年表的平均敏感度都较低,这与该区的降水丰富、土壤层较厚、坡度较小有关。阿尔先沟、东站、南站A、南站显著水平达到0.01的自相关分别达到9阶、6阶、5阶和6阶,反映该区气候对树木生长影响的＂滞后效应＂非常明显。巩乃斯林缘采点的标准化年表在5个采点中平均敏感度最高、一阶自相关最小,样本对总体的代表性、信噪比、第一主成分方差都为最高,表明该年表的质量最好。标准化年表与新源站月气象资料的相关分析发现,年表与生长季及其前期的降水呈正相关,而与夏季平均最高气温呈显著负相关关系,其相关时段也具有明显的生理学意义。巩乃斯林缘采点的标准化年表所含的气候信息最为丰富,与新源气象站上年7月至当年4月的降水相关系数达0.62,而其余4个点记录更多的记录了低频气候信息,年表经5点平滑处理后与月气象资料相关明显增大。 相似文献
12.
Using the meteorological data set for 1951—1990 over 160 stations,a series of 10-year running mean curves oftemperature and precipitation averaged for the country and its 7 climate regions,as well as for each season,are obtainedand analyzed.The six aspects of main results can be summarized about the climate change in China and its influence onagriculture production in the last 40 years. 相似文献
13.
Existing multi-proxy climate reconstruction methods assume the suitably transformed proxy time series are linearly related to the target climate variable, which is likely a simplifying assumption for many proxy records. Furthermore, with a single exception, these methods face problems with varying temporal resolutions of the proxy data. Here we introduce a new reconstruction method that uses the ordering of all pairs of proxy observations within each record to arrive at a consensus time series that best agrees with all proxy records. The resulting unitless composite time series is subsequently calibrated to the instrumental record to provide an estimate of past climate. By considering only pairwise comparisons, this method, which we call PaiCo, facilitates the inclusion of records with differing temporal resolutions, and relaxes the assumption of linearity to the more general assumption of a monotonically increasing relationship between each proxy series and the target climate variable. We apply PaiCo to a newly assembled collection of high-quality proxy data to reconstruct the mean temperature of the Northernmost Atlantic region, which we call Arctic Atlantic, over the last 2,000 years. The Arctic Atlantic is a dynamically important region known to feature substantial temperature variability over recent millennia, and PaiCo allows for a more thorough investigation of the Arctic Atlantic regional climate as we include a diverse array of terrestrial and marine proxies with annual to multidecadal temporal resolutions. Comparisons of the PaiCo reconstruction to recent reconstructions covering larger areas indicate greater climatic variability in the Arctic Atlantic than for the Arctic as a whole. The Arctic Atlantic reconstruction features temperatures during the Roman Warm Period and Medieval Climate Anomaly that are comparable or even warmer than those of the twentieth century, and coldest temperatures in the middle of the nineteenth century, just prior to the onset of the recent warming trend. 相似文献
14.
Feng Huang Ziqiang Xia Lidan Guo Fucheng Yang 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2013,111(3-4):465-470
As the largest tributary of the Ob River, the Irtysh River is an international river partially joining the territories of China, Kazakhstan, and Russia. Four meteorological stations in the Irtysh Basin were selected and the long-term observed daily temperature data were collected. The extreme temperature change was analyzed considering climate change. Detected by the heuristic segmentation by histogram comparison approach, climate was changed during the first half of the 1970s in terms of the increased mean value and decreased standard deviation of the daily temperature series. The noticeable change of the monthly mean temperature was the warmer winter. After climate change, the annual maximum temperature was little changed and its series was not segmented. However, the annual minimum temperature was significantly changed in terms of the increased mean value by more than 2°C, so its series was segmented to the pre- and post-change point subseries. The generalized extreme value distribution was fitted to the annual extreme temperature and the parameters were estimated by the maximum likelihood method. The return levels for 10/50/100-year return periods estimated by the profile likelihood method were obtained for the annual extreme temperature. The probability of occurrence of the cold extremes was decreased after 1970s. 相似文献
15.
为了解天山和阿尔泰山长期气候变化特征，利用基于树轮资料的25条历史气候序列，集成重建了天山和阿尔泰山近150 a的年降水量和夏季气温变化情况。结果显示：20世纪上半叶是天山区域极端气候年份频现时期，而阿尔泰山极端气候年份在20世纪上下半叶分布数量相当且在19世纪下半叶相对较少。两个山系极端低值气候年份的一致性更好,且与部分历史记录吻合。天山在过去150 a内大致经历了5个偏干时期和5个偏湿时期，以及3个偏冷时期和3个偏暖时期；阿尔泰山则经历了5个偏干时期和6个偏湿时期，以及4个偏冷时期和4个偏暖时期。此外，除均存在2～6 a左右的变化周期外，天山年降水量重建序列存在27～30 a和38～39 a的变化周期，夏季平均气温重建序列存在10.5 a、53.5 a和63.7 a的变化周期；阿尔泰山夏季均温存在12.6 a的变化周期。分析表明，ENSO对天山和阿尔泰山年降水量有显著影响，而太阳黑子数与阿尔泰山夏季气温呈滞后负相关关系。 相似文献
16.
In this paper, we examine the trends of temperature series in Europe, for the mean as well as for the variance in hot and cold seasons. To do so, we use as long and homogenous series as possible, provided by the European Climate Assessment and Dataset project for different locations in Europe, as well as the European ENSEMBLES project gridded dataset and the ERA40 reanalysis. We provide a definition of trends that we keep as intrinsic as possible and apply non-parametric statistical methods to analyse them. Obtained results show a clear link between trends in mean and variance of the whole series of hot or cold temperatures: in general, variance increases when the absolute value of temperature increases, i.e. with increasing summer temperature and decreasing winter temperature. This link is reinforced in locations where winter and summer climate has more variability. In very cold or very warm climates, the variability is lower and the link between the trends is weaker. We performed the same analysis on outputs of six climate models proposed by European teams for the 1961–2000 period (1950–2000 for one model), available through the PCMDI portal for the IPCC fourth assessment climate model simulations. The models generally perform poorly and have difficulties in capturing the relation between the two trends, especially in summer. 相似文献
17.
Rudolf Brázdil Petr Dobrovolný Jürg Luterbacher Anders Moberg Christian Pfister Dennis Wheeler Eduardo Zorita 《Climatic change》2010,101(1-2):7-40
Temperature reconstructions from Europe for the past 500 years based on documentary and instrumental data are analysed. First, the basic documentary data sources, including information about climate and weather-related extremes, are described. Then, the standard palaeoclimatological reconstruction method adopted here is discussed with a particular application to temperature reconstructions from documentary-based proxy data. The focus is on two new reconstructions; January–April mean temperatures for Stockholm (1502–2008), based on a combination of data for the sailing season in the Stockholm harbour and instrumental temperature measurements, and monthly Central European temperature (CEuT) series (1500–2007) based on documentary-derived temperature indices of the Czech Republic, Germany and Switzerland combined with instrumental records from the same countries. The two series, both of which are individually discussed in greater detail in subsequent papers in this special edition, are here compared and analysed using running correlations and wavelet analysis. While the Stockholm series shows a pronounced low-frequency component, the CEuT series indicates much weaker low-frequency variations. Both series are analysed with respect to three different long-period reconstructions of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and are compared with other European temperature reconstructions based on tree-rings, wine-harvest data and various climate multiproxies. Correlation coefficients between individual proxy-based series show weaker correlations compared to the instrumental data. There are also indications of temporally varying temperature cross-correlations between different areas of Europe. The two temperature reconstructions have also been compared to geographically corresponding temperature output from simulations with global and regional climate models for the past few centuries. The findings are twofold: on the one hand, the analysis reinforces the hypothesis that the index-data based CEuT reconstruction may not appropriately reflect the centennial scale variations. On the other hand, it is possible that climate models may underestimate regional decadal variability. By way of a conclusion, the results are discussed from a broader point of view and attention is drawn to some new challenges for future investigations in the historical climatology in Europe. 相似文献
18.
The Moberg et al. (Nature 433(7026):613–617, 2005. doi:10.1038/nature03265; M05) reconstruction of northern hemisphere temperature variations from proxy data has been criticised; the M05 method may artificially inflate low-frequency variance relative to reality. We test this assertion by undertaking several pseudoproxy experiments in three climate model simulations—one control run and two forced simulations that include several time-varying radiative forcings. The pseudoproxy series are designed to have the same variance spectra as the real M05 proxies, primarily to mimic the low-resolution character of several series. A simple composite-plus-scale (CPS) method is also analysed. In the CPS case all input data behave like annually resolved proxies. The spectral domain performance of both M05 and CPS is found to be dependent on the noise type and noise level in pseudoproxies, on the variance spectrum of the climate model simulation, and on the degree of data smoothing. CPS performs better than M05 in most investigated cases with the control run, but leads to deflated low-frequency variance in some cases. With M05, low-frequency variance tend to be inflated for the control run but not for one of the forced runs and only very slightly with the other forced simulation. Hence, the M05 approach does not routinely inflate low-frequency variance. In our experiment, the M05 approach performs better in the spectral domain than CPS when applied to forced climate model simulations. The results underscore the importance of evaluating the variance spectrum of climate reconstructions. 相似文献
19.
V. E. Sedov 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2012,37(8):537-545
Considered are the results of the investigation of climatic fluctuations, supercentury climate trend, and 30-year trends in modern Moscow based on the time series of monthly mean values of air temperature for 1879?C2010. The data of air temperature anomalies in the Northern Hemisphere for the same period were used for the comparison. The computation of characteristics was carried out using the method of singular spectral analysis. 相似文献
20.
气象部门馆藏的西部最早的器测气象资料始于20世纪30年代,不能满足建立20世纪以来中国气候变化序列的需求,而古气候重建或气候模拟资料则可以延伸到器测时代以前。为了探讨长序列多源气候资料序列融合方法,采用贝叶斯方法对中国北疆地区8条树轮气温重建资料、器测资料与国际耦合模式比较计划第5阶段（CMIP5）模式模拟资料进行了融合试验。首先利用器测资料对气温代用资料进行校验与网格重建,并以此作为贝叶斯模型的先验分布,然后,用泰勒图选出了该区域气候模拟效果最佳的几个模式;最后将网格重建和气候模拟序列用贝叶斯模型进行了融合试验。结果表明,贝叶斯融合模型能有效提取各种数据来源的有用信息进行融合,融合结果的长期变化（线性）趋势更接近器测气候序列,并在一定程度上提高了序列的精度,减小了结果的不确定性;并且,融合结果能够纠正先验分布及气候模拟数据的明显偏差,为长年代气候序列重建提供了一个可行的思路。 相似文献