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1.
欧亚大陆中高纬积雪消融异常对东北夏季低温的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用美国冰雪资料中心提供的1979~2007年月平均积雪水当量资料、NCEP/NCAR的逐月再分析资料 以及中国743站的逐日气温资料,讨论了欧亚中高纬春季融雪异常分布与中国东北夏季温度的联系及其可能的影响机理。结果表明:欧亚大陆中高纬西部春季融雪偏多、东部春季融雪偏少时,我国东北夏季易出现低温。春季东部融雪量少,导致夏季剩余积雪偏多;夏季积雪融化吸热增多,加上后期的土壤湿度增加会导致该地区夏季温度异常偏低,高度场下降,500 hPa上欧亚中高纬东部的长波槽加深,槽后偏北气流加强;来自极地的冷空气容易入侵东亚中高纬地区,引起我国东北夏季低温。 相似文献
2.
利用 NOAA- NESDIS提供的 1 973— 2 0 0 0年北半球雪盖面积资料 ,研究了欧亚冬季雪盖的时空特征 ,发现欧亚大陆中高纬地区积雪有明显的整体性分布特征 ,而50°N以南的冬季积雪随纬度的变率较大 ;欧亚大陆中高纬地区冬季积雪呈东西反位相分布。利用小波分析发现 ,冬季欧亚积雪具有显著的 3～ 4 a周期。最后指出 ,欧亚积雪异常引起的下垫面热力异常可能为次年 El Nino事件的爆发提供触发条件。 相似文献
3.
冬季欧亚大陆北部新增雪盖面积变化与中国夏季气候异常的关系 总被引：15，自引：9，他引：6
利用美国冰雪资料中心 (The National Snow and Ice Data Center) 提供的近40年逐周的卫星反演雪盖资料, 考察了冬季欧亚大陆北部新增雪盖面积 (Total Fresh Snow Extent, 冬季TFSE) 与我国夏季 (6～8月) 气候异常的关系。分析发现, 冬季TFSE与我国夏季气候异常存在明显关联: 当冬季TFSE偏大时, 夏季贝加尔湖以东易盛行异常冷低压, 内蒙古东部和东北西部易出现凉夏, 同时, 东亚副热带西风急流增强, 西太平洋副热带高压易加强且西伸和北扩, 江南地区在副高的控制下易干热; 冬季TFSE偏小时的情况相反。这种显著关联独立于ENSO事件, 并且在近40年来较为稳定; 冬季TFSE与我国江南夏季降水在20世纪90年代初均发生过一次十年际尺度变化, 表现为在20世纪90年代初之后, 冬季TFSE (江南降水) 明显减小 (增多), 同时, 冬季TFSE与江淮夏季降水的正相关关系明显增强。进一步的分析表明, 冬季TFSE可能通过某种途径来影响东亚副热带急流的变化, 进而影响我国夏季气候异常。 相似文献
4.
《高原气象》2015,(6)
利用欧洲中心ERA-40月平均再分析资料,分析了1958-2001年冬季欧亚中高纬陆面热力状况的变化特征,重点讨论了冬季陆面热力异常与中高纬大气环流的联系及其可能影响机制。结果表明:由于全球变暖的区域非均匀性,近年来冬季欧亚中高纬陆面增温趋势显著且增温幅度较大,中低纬陆面增温幅度相对偏小,陆面热力变化的经向非均匀性造成欧亚大陆中纬度区域(40°N-50°N附近)的陆面经向温度梯度在20世纪80年代初发生了显著的年代际减弱。由于陆面对大气的加热作用,导致蒙古高原至中国东北地区对流层低层大气经向温度梯度减小,从而使得对流层大气斜压性减弱,根据热成风原理,纬向风垂直切变减小,最终导致欧亚中高纬高空西风环流异常偏弱。 相似文献
5.
使用区域气候模式RegCM4.4.5.7,通过改变春季欧亚大陆中高纬地区的陆面感热通量,对欧亚中高纬感热异常影响中国夏季气候进行模拟分析,并探讨其影响机制。试验结果表明:当春季欧亚中高纬陆面感热通量加强时,我国长江流域和东北东部夏季气温降低,降水偏多;华北地区气温升高,降水偏少。春季陆面感热增强引起近地面和对流层低层大气热力状况异常,进而导致高度场和环流场的异常,长江流域和东北地区有气旋环流,对流运动旺盛,结合充足的水汽条件,对应降水偏多,而华北地区则相反,有反气旋环流和微弱的气流辐合,对应降水偏少。研究表明欧亚中高纬陆面感热异常是影响我国夏季气候的一个不可忽视的因子。 相似文献
6.
利用ECMWF 1979～1993年2.5°×2.5°的网格点积雪深度资料、中国气象局整编的海平面气压、500 hPa高度场和NCEP再分析资料,探讨了欧亚冬季积雪异常对同期大气环流的影响.结果表明:(1) 欧亚中高纬冬季积雪面积与同期大气环流具有密切的联系:积雪面积为正(负)异常时,冬季500 hPa高度场对应正(负)欧亚-太平洋(简称EUP)遥相关型,东亚冬季风活动偏强(弱).(2)诊断结果表明,积雪异常与大气环流之间的密切联系在一定程度上反映了冬季积雪的异常分布可能对大气EUP遥相关型和东亚冬季风活动产生影响.(3)SVD分析得到的冬季积雪的异常分布与同期大气环流的耦合模态,证实了前面所得结果. 相似文献
7.
在1955~1993年各种类型青藏高原冬季积雪资料进行综合再分析基础上, 通过典型年份合成对比与相关分析, 发现青藏高原冬季雪盖异常, 同期北半球中高纬500 hPa高度场存在3正2负遥相关结构及相似二维Rossby遥相关波列, 该遥相关型强度指数Iasp与夏季大气环流又存在一个明显的东亚—太平洋遥相关的关系, 与长江中下游汛期旱涝呈正相关, 最高相关区位于江南北部。遥相关强度指数Iasp的强弱在较大程度上间接反映高原积雪异常与否, 并为积雪因子在我国汛期旱涝预测的应用提供一定的物理基础。 相似文献
8.
欧亚大陆冬季积雪异常与东亚冬季风及中国冬季气温的关系 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：10
采用相关及合成分析方法,对ＥＭＭＷＦ１９７９－１９９３年的网格积雪深度资料深度资料,冬季海平面气压场,５００ｈＰａ高度场及中国冬季气温场进行了分析,研究了欧亚大陆冬季积雪异常与东亚冬季风及中国冬季气温的关系。结果表明：欧亚大陆中高纬地区冬季积雪异常与东亚冬季风和中国冬季气温明显的关系。 相似文献
9.
利用1979—2015年ERA-Interim再分析土壤湿度、云量资料,NCEP/NCAR再分析环流资料和CPC土壤湿度资料,分析了东亚中纬度夏季陆面热力异常的时空分布特征及其与前期春季土壤湿度异常的联系,探讨了前期春季土壤湿度影响东亚中纬度夏季陆面增暖的可能途径。结果表明,东亚中纬度夏季土壤表层温度呈全区一致增暖趋势,其中贝加尔湖及以南地区温度变化最剧烈、增暖最迅速,且1990年代中期前后存在一个明显由冷向暖的年代际转变。进一步分析发现,春、夏季西西伯利亚到贝加尔湖北部地区的土壤湿度与夏季贝加尔湖及以南地区的土壤表层温度在年代际和年际尺度上均存在紧密联系:西西伯利亚到贝加尔湖北部地区土壤湿度异常偏高,通常对应贝加尔湖及南部地区夏季土壤表层温度偏高。西西伯利亚到贝加尔湖北部地区春、夏土壤湿度异常可以引起夏季大气环流异常,从而对东亚夏季中纬度陆面热力异常产生影响:春、夏土壤湿度偏高时,贝加尔湖及其南部地区上空位势高度为正异常,对应为反气旋性异常环流,云量减少,有利于东亚中纬度陆面增暖;反之,则对应为气旋性异常环流,不利于陆面增暖。 相似文献
10.
欧亚大陆积雪对我国春季气候可预报性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用大气环流模式IAP9L_CoLM,通过两组集合后报试验,考察了欧亚大陆积雪对我国春季气候可预报性的影响。一组试验为常规后报试验,积雪是由模式陆面过程预报得到的,另一组试验为积雪试验,模式积分过程中欧亚大陆雪水当量由微波遥感积雪资料替代,一天替换一次。通过分析两组试验后报结果的差异,来考察欧亚大陆积雪对我国春季（3~5月）气候可预报性的影响。分析表明:欧亚大陆积雪模拟水平的改善能提高春季欧亚大陆中高纬环流场（海平面气压场和中、高层位势高度场）的可预报性,模式对我国春季气温异常的年际变化和空间分布的可预报能力也有显著增强。对我国春季降水,虽然预报技巧较低,但引入较真实的欧亚积雪作用后,由于中高纬环流场预报技巧的改进导致降水的预测能力也有所改进。个例分析也表明,欧亚中高纬春季积雪异常模拟水平的改善导致了欧亚中高纬贝加尔湖及以南区域环流场可预报性的提高,最终使中国东部区域春季气候异常模拟技巧得以改善。以上结果也证实,欧亚大陆积雪是影响东亚区域春季气候的一个重要因子,要提高模式对中国春季气候的预报技巧,积雪模拟水平的改进是非常必要的。 相似文献
11.
Snow cover on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) has been shown to be essential for the East Asian summer monsoon. In this paper, we demonstrate that tropical cyclone (TC) 04B (1999) in the northern Indian Ocean, which made landfall during the autumn of 1999, may have contributed to climate anomalies over East Asia during the following spring and summer by increasing snow cover on the TP. Observations indicate that snow cover on the TP increased markedly after TC 04B (1999) made landfall in October of 1999. Sensitivity experiments, in which the TC was removed from a numerical model simulation of the initial field, verified that TC 04B (1999) affected the distribution as well as increased the amount of snow on the TP. In addition, the short-term numerical modeling of the climate over the region showed that the positive snow cover anomaly induced negative surface temperature, negative sensible heat flux, positive latent heat flux, and positive soil temperature anomalies over the central and southern TP during the following spring and summer. These climate anomalies over the TP were associated with positive (negative) summer precipitation anomalies over the Yangtze River valley (along the southeastern coast of China). 相似文献
12.
Factors favorable to frequent extreme precipitation in the upper Yangtze River Valley 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Extreme precipitation events in the upper Yangtze River Valley (YRV) have recently become an increasingly important focus in China because they often cause droughts and floods. Unfortunately, little is known about the climate processes responsible for these events. This paper investigates factors favorable to frequent extreme precipitation events in the upper YRV. Our results reveal that a weakened South China Sea summer monsoon trough, intensified Eurasian-Pacific blocking highs, an intensified South Asian High, a southward subtropical westerly jet and an intensified Western North Pacific Subtropical High (WNPSH) increase atmospheric instability and enhance the convergence of moisture over the upper YRV, which result in more extreme precipitation events. The snow depth over the eastern Tibetan Plateau (TP) in winter and sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) over three key regions in summer are important external forcing factors in the atmospheric circulation anomalies. Deep snow on the Tibetan Plateau in winter can weaken the subsequent East Asian summer monsoon circulation above by increasing the soil moisture content in summer and weakening the land–sea thermal contrast over East Asia. The positive SSTA in the western North Pacific may affect southwestward extension of the WNPSH and the blocking high over northeastern Asia by arousing the East Asian-Pacific pattern. The positive SSTA in the North Atlantic can affect extreme precipitation event frequency in the upper YRV via a wave train pattern along the westerly jet between the North Atlantic and East Asia. A tripolar pattern from west to east over the Indian Ocean can strengthen moisture transport by enhancing Somali cross-equatorial flow. 相似文献
13.
Simulation of paleoclimate over East Asia at 6 ka BP and 21 ka BP by a regional climate model 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Using a regional climate model with detailed land surface processes (RegCM2), East Asian monsoon climates at 6 ka BP and 21 ka BP are simulated by prescribing vegetation and employing paleovegetation respectively in order to examine land surface effects on East Asian climate system and the potential mechanisms for climate change. The RegCM2 with a 120 × 120 km2 resolution has simulated the enlargement of the seasonal cycle of insolation, the temperature rising the whole year, and the reduction of perpetual snow in high latitudes at 6 ka BP. The simulation shows the East Asian summer monsoon strengthening, precipitation and P–E increasing, and the monsoon rain belt shifting westwards and northwards. Effect of paleovegetation included in the modeling reduced surface albedo and caused an increase in the winter temperature, which led to weakening of the winter continental cold anticyclone over China. The results make the seasonal characteristics of simulated temperature changes in better agreement with the geological records, and are an improvement over previous simulations of Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project (PMIP). The RegCM2 simulated the 21 ka BP climate with lowered temperature throughout the year, and with precipitation reduced in most areas of East Asia (but increased in both the Tibetan Plateau and Central Asia). Low temperature over East Asia led to the strengthening of the East Asian winter monsoon and the shrinking of the summer monsoon. The effect of paleovegetation included in the experiment has enlarged the glacial climate influence in East Asia, which is closer to geological data than the PMIP simulations directly driven by insolation, glaciation and low CO2 concentration. 相似文献
14.
土壤湿度初始异常对东亚区域气候模拟影响的敏感性试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用耦合了CLM3.5陆面模式的区域气候模式RegCM4.0,通过敏感性试验,探讨了人为减小春季初始土壤体积水含量对短期时间尺度东亚夏季气候模拟的可能影响。结果表明:较低的初始土壤湿度场能够明显改变区域的地表能量平衡,引起地表净长波辐射和感热通量的显著增加,进而加强了地表对大气的加热,因而引起东亚大范围地区特别是中国东部、印度北部和中亚地区地表温度、气温的升高。与气温不同,初始土壤湿度场对降水的影响很小而且有较大的不确定性,同时偏暖的下垫面使得对流层中高层出现暖高压异常,但这些影响均不显著。综合来看,土壤湿度初始场的初始异常,对RegCM4.0 模式东亚气候模拟的结果有一定影响,特别是在地表温度、气温和能量平衡方面,应在以后的模拟中加以考虑。 相似文献
15.
东亚-北太平洋偶极型气压场及其与东亚季风年际变化的关系 总被引：22，自引：4，他引：22
利用美国NCEP/NCAR的月平均再分析资料,研究东亚-太平洋地区地面气压的耦合模态与东亚副热带季风异常的关系,结果表明:在亚洲大陆和北半球太平洋之间气压场的偶极子模态主要反映了东亚地区东西向气压梯度的异常.从20世纪60年代到70年代中期,东亚-太平洋的这种偶极子表现为蒙古地区气压偏低和太平洋地区气压偏高的特征,而从20世纪70年代后期到90年代,则表现为蒙古地区气压偏高和太平洋地区气压偏低的特征.在偶极子指数值较高的年份,冬季(或夏季)蒙古高压(或蒙古低压)和太平洋阿留申低压(或太平洋副热带高压)较强 相似文献
16.
利用1948—2011年NCEP/NCAR月平均再分析资料和1951—2010年我国160站降水量资料,研究了冬季亚洲—太平洋区域的大气遥相关及其与东亚冬季风和降水的关系。结果表明:冬季在亚洲—西太平洋与中、东太平洋中低纬度对流层上层扰动温度之间存在类似于夏季的亚洲—太平洋涛动 (APO) 现象,即当东亚中低纬度对流层中、上层偏暖时,中东太平洋中低纬度对流层中上层温度偏冷,反之亦然。冬季APO可以反映冬季亚洲—太平洋东西向热力差异强度变化,与夏季相比,冬季APO遥相关在亚洲的中心位置略偏南、偏东,且冬季APO与大气环流关系与夏季也有所不同;当冬季APO指数偏高时,对流层上层东亚大槽位置偏西,而东亚热带地区的高压向北伸展,导致我国南方对流层为深厚的异常反气旋系统所控制,此时南方地区对流层低层盛行异常的偏东北气流,并伴随水汽辐散和异常下沉运动,南方降水偏少;冬季APO指数与ENSO有紧密联系。 相似文献
17.
The sensitivity of the East Asian summer monsoon to soil moisture anomalies over China was investigated based on ensembles of seasonal simulations(March–September) using the NCEP GCM coupled with the Simplified Simple Biosphere Model(NCEP GCM/SSi B). After a control experiment with free-running soil moisture, two ensembles were performed in which the soil moisture over the vast region from the lower and middle reaches of the Yangtze River valley to North China(YRNC) was double and half that in the control, with the maximum less than the field capacity. The simulation results showed significant sensitivity of the East Asian summer monsoon to wet soil in YRNC. The wetter soil was associated with increased surface latent heat flux and reduced surface sensible heat flux. In turn, these changes resulted in a wetter and colder local land surface and reduced land–sea temperature gradients, corresponding to a weakened East Asian monsoon circulation in an anomalous anticyclone over southeastern China, and a strengthened East Asian trough southward over Northeast China. Consequently, less precipitation appeared over southeastern China and North China and more rainfall over Northeast China. The weakened monsoon circulation and strengthened East Asian trough was accompanied by the convergence of abnormal northerly and southerly flow over the Yangtze River valley, resulting in more rainfall in this region.In the drier soil experiments, less precipitation appeared over YRNC. The East Asian monsoon circulation seems to show little sensitivity to dry soil anomalies in NCEP GCM/SSi B. 相似文献
18.
Recent Progress in the Impact of the Tibetan Plateau on Climate in China 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
Studies of the impacts of the Tibetan Plateau （TP） on climate in China in the last four years are reviewed. It is reported that temperature and precipitation over the TP have increased during recent decades. From satellite data analysis, it is demonstrated that most of the precipitation over the TP is from deep convection clouds. Moreover, the huge TP mechanical forcing and extraordinary elevated thermal forcing impose remarkable impacts upon local circulation and global climate. In winter and spring, stream flow is deflected by a large obstacle and appears as an asymmetric dipole, making East Asia much colder than mid Asia in winter and forming persistent rainfall in late winter and early spring over South China. In late spring, TP heating contributes to the establishment and intensification of the South Asian high and the abrupt seasonal transition of the surrounding circulations. In summer, TP heating in conjunction with the TP air pump cause the deviating stream field to resemble a cyclonic spiral, converging towards and rising over the TP. Therefore, the prominent Asian monsoon climate over East Asia and the dry climate over mid Asia in summer are forced by both TP local forcing and Eurasian continental forcing.
Due to the longer memory of snow and soil moisture, the TP thermal status both in summer and in late winter and spring can influence the variation of Eastern Asian summer rainfall. A combined index using both snow cover over the TP and the ENSO index in winter shows a better seasonal forecast.
On the other hand, strong sensible heating over the Tibetan Plateau in spring contributes significantly to anchor the earliest Asian monsoon being over the eastern Bay of Bengal （BOB） and the western Indochina peninsula. Qualitative prediction of the BOB monsoon onset was attempted by using the sign of meridional temperature gradient in March in the upper troposphere, or at 400 hPa over the TP. It is also demonstrated by a numerical experiment and theoretical study that the heating over the TP lea 相似文献
Due to the longer memory of snow and soil moisture, the TP thermal status both in summer and in late winter and spring can influence the variation of Eastern Asian summer rainfall. A combined index using both snow cover over the TP and the ENSO index in winter shows a better seasonal forecast.
On the other hand, strong sensible heating over the Tibetan Plateau in spring contributes significantly to anchor the earliest Asian monsoon being over the eastern Bay of Bengal （BOB） and the western Indochina peninsula. Qualitative prediction of the BOB monsoon onset was attempted by using the sign of meridional temperature gradient in March in the upper troposphere, or at 400 hPa over the TP. It is also demonstrated by a numerical experiment and theoretical study that the heating over the TP lea 相似文献
19.
中国东部冬季温度异常偶极型模态的一个前兆信号 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
利用中国160站逐月温度、NCEP再分析、NOAA-CIRES 20世纪再分析以及NOAA海表温度等资料,分析了中国东部（100°E以东地区）冬季温度年际变化的主要模态,并重点研究了其中第2模态（即偶极型模态）的成因机理和前期信号。同时,也以2012～2013年冬季为例,探讨了这一温度异常模态的预测方法。研究主要发现:除中国东部大范围一致偏冷或偏暖模态以外,110°E以东的北方地区偏冷（暖）还经常对应着华南和110°E以西地区的偏暖（冷）,构成温度异常反向变化的偶极型模态。这种偶极型模态也是冬季气候变化的一个主要模态,2012～2013年冬季温度异常即属于这一模态。中国东部冬季温度一致型模态主要与前期秋季中东太平洋海温异常、亚洲大陆北部积雪,及其邻近的北冰洋地区海冰密集度异常联系紧密。而对于偶极型模态,海温的影响并不明显,前期秋季的东亚中纬度地区积雪、北冰洋斯瓦尔巴群岛、法兰士约瑟夫地群岛附近海域的海冰密集度异常,以及它们引起的表面温度异常分布可能具有重要贡献,其中北冰洋海冰密集度异常导致的该地区表面温度异常的影响可能更为重要。综合了海冰和积雪信号的前期秋季北冰洋—东亚温度差异（Arctic Ocean-East Asian temperature contrast,简称AE）指数与中国东部冬季温度异常偶极型模态具有显著联系,可以作为一个重要的预测因子。2012年秋季赤道中东太平洋海温的正常状态以及北冰洋暖异常和东亚中纬度地区冷异常的表面温度分布特征,都不利于中国东部冬季温度南北一致型异常的发生,而是有利于偶极型异常分布。利用AE指数可以有效地预测2012～2013年中国东部冬季温度异常特征。 相似文献