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温度和降水对气候变化的趋势有着极为显著的影响,因此,研究温度和降水的变化规律对于做好本地预报服务工作有着重要的指导意义。本文利用林口县1961-2010年的平均气温和降水量资料进行相关分析。结果表明:近50 a来,林口县年平均气温变化在1.4—4.8℃之间,年均温呈上升趋势,增长趋势系数为0.34℃/10a。年均温和季节均温年代际变化亦呈现明显的增暖趋势,年均温、春季均温、秋季均温和冬季均温均在1981-1990年开始变暖,夏季均温在1991-2000年开始变暖。年降水量在316.6—685.0 mm之间变化,年总趋势变化率为4.16 mm/10a,降水量呈增多趋势,其中季节降水量呈现不同的变化趋势和不同的变化强度。 相似文献
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采用美国国防气象卫星计划的夜间灯光数据DMSP/OLS、MODIS土地覆盖数据、人口数据进行城、乡气象站点的划分,探讨了三种不同划分方法对城市化不确定性的影响,并根据三种方法认定的城、乡站点,使用均一化订正的地面观测气温数据,分析了1961—2004年我国不同区域和12个城市群的城市热岛效应(Urban Heat Island effect,UHI effect)对气温变化的影响。结果表明:东南、西南和东北地区城市化影响研究的不确定性主要体现在UHI effect的数值大小上,而西北地区的不确定性则多体现在变化趋势的方向上;用三种方法同时认定的城、乡站点对比表明,中国东南地区城市化对区域气温增暖的贡献较强,西北地区较弱,东北和西南地区则无明显一致的影响;城市化对季节平均温度的影响存在南北差异,春、秋季在南方的影响显著,冬、春季在北方的影响显著。 相似文献
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华北地区地表气温观测中城镇化影响的检测和订正 总被引：33，自引：7，他引：26
根据人口资料和台站位置将华北地区282个国家基本、基准站和一般气候站分为乡村站、小城市站、中等城市站、大城市站和特大城市站5个级别,用经过均一性检验和订正的平均气温资料分别讨论了各级城市站热岛效应对地面气温趋势的影响,发现人口为5×105～1×106的大城市站受到城市化影响最大,40年热岛增温达到0.64℃.作者还分析了华北地区城市化对国家基本、基准站1961～2000年期间观测的平均气温变化趋势的影响,结果表明,由热岛效应引起的国家基本、基准站年平均气温增暖为0.11℃/10 a,对这个时期全部增温的贡献达到37.9%.目前根据国家基本、基准站资料建立的区域和全国平均气温序列在很大程度上仍保留了城市化的影响.作者进一步对华北地区1961～2000年根据国家基本、基准站资料建立的区域年平均气温序列进行了订正,订正后气温线性趋势由0.29℃/10 a降低为0.18℃/10 a.消除城市化影响,研究时段内华北地区年平均地面气温线性增加值为0.72℃. 相似文献
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通过对北京地区20个台站1961~2000年月平均温度资料的对比分析,证实热岛效应对城市气象站记录的地表平均气温的绝对影响随时间显著增大,近20 a尤为突出,但其相对影响即热岛增温对全部增暖的贡献却呈下降趋势。近40 a来,北京地区的国家基本、基准站平均温度距平序列与被认为不受城市热岛影响的郊区站平均温度距平序列差异明显,由于热岛效应加强因素引起的国家基本、基准站平均年温度变化速率为0.16℃/(10 a),对整个时期全部增温的贡献达到71%;近20 a来热岛效应加强因素使北京地区国家基本、基准站年平均温度每10 a增暖0.33℃,对该时期全部增温的贡献达到49%。城市热岛效应加强因素对国家基本、基准站季节平均温度上升的贡献在夏、秋季高,冬季最小。本文的结果说明,目前根据国家基本、基准站资料建立的全国或较大区域平均温度序列可能在很大程度上保留着城市化的影响,有必要做进一步的检验和订正。 相似文献
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多种方法分析城市化对保定气温变化的贡献 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
文章通过三种方法构造不同的背景气温序列,分析近33a(1979—2011年)城市化对保定气温变化的影响。结果表明:(1)对比保定站与郊区背景站气温资料得到城市热岛效应导致的增暖幅度为0.15℃/10a,城市化贡献率为30.3%。(2)用NCEP/DOE的2m气温再分析资料为背景得到的城市化增温幅度为0.238℃/10a,分离出的城市化贡献率为48.08%。(3)比较城市站与山区背景站资料得出年均气温的城市化增暖幅度为0.216℃/10a,贡献率为43.64%。(4)三种方法计算得出的城市化增温幅度及贡献率各不相同,却一致表明城市化对保定年气温的增暖贡献较为显著。 相似文献
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河北省城市热岛强度变化对区域地表平均气温序列的影响 总被引：24，自引：5，他引：19
按照大中城市站、城市站、国家基本/基准站与乡村站等类别,对河北省区域内55个气象站1961～2003年和1981～2003年时段月、季、年平均气温变化进行了对比分析.结果表明:近40年来,大中城市增温趋势最为显著,城市站、国家基本/基准站增温趋势较强,乡村站增温趋势最小,季节中以冬季增温为最大;城市热岛效应增强因素对大中城市站、城市站、国家基本/基准站年平均温度增加的份额分别占到44.7%、38.7%、39.7%.城市热岛效应增强因素对季节增暖的作用在夏秋季较大,冬季最小;近20年来各类台站增温趋势更加明显,但热岛增温效应对平均温度序列增温的相对贡献却在降低,说明近20年的迅速增温可能是由于大气环流和增强的温室效应引起的;近20年全省各类台站由于城市热岛效应引起的增温与1961～2003年整个时段相比表现不一,部分站城市热岛增温效应绝对量趋于增强,部分站城市热岛增温效应趋于弱化或消失.因此,城市热岛增温效应对台站和区域平均温度序列的影响比较复杂,它受到人口增长、城市化进程、乡村台站环境变化等多种因素的影响. 相似文献
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近44年南京温度变化的特征及其可能原因的分析 总被引：56，自引：1，他引：56
利用1957～2000年的气候观测资料,研究南京的平均温度、平均最高温度、平均最低温度和平均日较差及炎热日和寒冷日的变化趋势和特点,并分析可能的原因;以滁县和溧阳为对比城市站,分析了三种不同类型城市温度变化的异同.结果表明,近44年来南京平均温度显著上升,其中冬季增暖幅度最大,但夏季呈变凉趋势.与全国平均温度相比,线性变化趋势大体相似,但也存在一定差别.最高温度趋势与平均温度一致,夏季降温更为明显;最低温度除夏季外增暖都非常显著,表明气候变暖在最低温度上表现更加明显;年和各季日较差均明显减小;炎热日和寒冷日趋于减少,其开始和结束时间较以前有明显提前.大气环流系统的变异和调整可能是温度显著升高的直接原因.同样,长江中下游夏季降水天气增多、云量增加、日照时间减少以及伴随的温度下降可能也与环流系统的调整有关.南京与滁县、溧阳的温度差值分别为减小趋势或趋势变化不明显.三种类型城市增暖幅度的相对大小存在着年代际差异.由于不同类型城市间温度变化差异的复杂特点及其所反映出的城市化影响的复杂性,在研究温度变化和考虑城市化的影响时,不仅要考虑大城市,还应该充分注意中、小城市的发展所带来的影响. 相似文献
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城市化与北京地区降水分布变化初探 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
根据北京地区城市化进展的程度,以1980年为分界点,将1961～1980年划分为城市化慢速期,1981～2000年划分为城市化快速期。利用北京地区14个标准气象站40年的降水量资料,研究了城市化对北京地区降水分布的可能影响。初步的研究结果表明:北京地区冬季降水量分布发生了显著的系统性的变化,即城市化缓慢期北京地区南部为降水较多地区,北部为降水偏少地区;城市化快速期相对降水量的分布则正好相反,南部地区变为降水较少地区,而北部变为降水偏多地区。其他季节,北京地区的相对降水量分布并未发生整体性的显著变化。造成冬季降水分布变化的原因可能是随着城市规模的扩大,北京冬季"城市热岛"和"城市干岛"效应增强进而使云下蒸发过程增强,造成城区及南部地区地面降水量减少。至于夏季降水分布并未发生系统性的变化,还需深入研究。以上结果与国内外的相关研究结论大相径庭。 相似文献
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城市化对深圳气温变化的贡献 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用经均一性检验的深圳及其周围台站的地面温度资料和NCEP／DOEAMIP—ⅡReanalysis（R-2）再分析温度数据,通过鲁棒回归（M估计）对气温趋势进行拟合,分析了1967--2005年和1979—2005年两个时间段城市热岛效应对温度的影响,利用再分析数据和地面观测数据的差异估计了1979年以来城市化对气温增暖的贡献。结果表明,20世纪80年代以来的30a里,深圳城市化对当地气温增暖贡献非常显著：1979年以来,城市热岛效应导致年平均气温增暖0．243℃·（10a）^-1,占深圳总体增暖的36．3％;与再分析资料对比得到的城市化对深圳年平均气温增暖的贡献达到0．315℃·（10a）^-1,大于分析观测资料得到的结果,占总体增暖的47．1％。说明城市化的快速发展是导致深圳城市气候增暖的重要因子之一。 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献