共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
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利用四川省雅安市30 m分辨率基础高程数据,提取栅格的坡向和坡度参数,将雅安307个区域自动站在2017年汛期(6—9月)共50次的降水天气个例,分为16次大尺度降水和34次中小尺度降水,使用对应时次的欧洲中心细网格0.25°×0.25°再分析风场资料,根据不同的站点地形高度将风场合成平均风场,和各站点地形的坡向和坡度计算出其动力抬升作用,同时使用当天日照和天文太阳辐射值来计算地形的热力抬升作用,与对应降水过程的降水分布进行多元线性回归,根据回归的标准系数的大小确定各自变量对降水分布的影响,得出以下结论:(1)中小尺度降水中,地形的热力抬升作用对降水分布的影响作用最大,其次是海拔高度,地形的动力抬升作用在三者中对降水分布的影响最小;(2)在大尺度降水中刚好相反,地形的动力抬升对降水的分布影响作用最大,海拔次之,热力抬升作用在三者中影响作用最小;(3)日降水量最大值的站点海拔高度基本位于1 000 m左右,与抬升凝结高度对应较好;(4)从长期的统计来看,地形的动力作用和地表的植被情况对降水分布的影响最大。在实际预报工作用,根据不同的降水类型,关注不同的动力和热力作用对于判断降水分布大值区的位置有较好的参考作用。 相似文献
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湖北省中尺度试验区地形对气象要素场的综合影响 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
本文分析了试验区特殊地形的热力、动力作用,得到了与地形尺度相当的平均意义下的地形风环流系统,揭露了它的演变规律及散度场的时空特点,发现地形风辐合场与试验区降水有关。最后讨论了试验区温压距平场的时空特征和试验区地形对气象要素场的综合影响。 相似文献
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邓子风 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》1991,(9)
本文以阿拉沟发生的4次泥石流资料为例子,分析了泥石流与降水的关系、大尺度环流背景、天气尺度影响系统及一些物理条件后指出:干早、半干旱地区暴雨泥石流和潮湿地区暴雨泥石流有一定差别,它是在一定大形势背景下,配合地形特点,在动力和热力等综合影响下产生的,暴雨临界值可能比潮湿地区小。 相似文献
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对于北海雨量明显多于涠洲岛这个气候分析事实,作者根据1951～80年5～8月231个重要降水天气个例,在力管效应、地形效应,摩擦效应等动力气候因素方面进行分析,得到了一个初步的看法,较为清楚地解释了这一气候现象。 相似文献
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影响云和降水的动力、热力与微物理因素的研究概述 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
由于云和降水的发生、发展是大气动力、热力过程与云中微物理过程相结合的产物，因而受到这些过程的共同制约和影响。为了更加详细地了解影响云和降水的动力、热力与微物理因素，分别从3个方面概要性地进行了阐述。（1）动力作用对云和降水发展的影响：主要讨论了风切变、天气系统抬升、地形动力作用和湍流的作用等因素的作用。（2）影响云和降水发展的热力因素：分别对热力扰动、潜热的作用、辐射作用等做了分析。（3）微物理过程对云和降水发展的影响：主要从微物理过程对动力热力过程的影响、带电过程对云降水粒子的影响、以及微物理过程对云降水影响的相对重要性等方面进行讨论。并在最后扼要地指出了在研究云和降水问题时，将动力、热力过程和微物理过程结合起来研究的必要性。 相似文献
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青藏高原作为耸入对流层中层的“巨大热岛”,其产生的热力强迫对东亚以及全球的天气气候起着举足轻重的作用。因此,关于夏季高原热源对下游降水影响及其机理的研究有助于加深对青藏高原影响下游天气气候的认识,提高青藏高原及下游降水的预报水平。本文针对青藏高原夏季热源的时空分布及演变特征、青藏高原热源在不同时空尺度上对下游降水的影响规律及物理机制,总结了已有的相关研究进展,指出了存在的主要问题,并展望了未来不同时空尺度上青藏高原热源对下游降水影响的研究方向,提出了值得进一步加强研究的重点与难点问题。 相似文献
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次网格地形坡度坡向参数化及其对区域气候模拟的影响 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8
随着数值模式水平分辨率的提高，模式下垫面特征的描述更加仔细，针对东亚地区复杂的地形和植被特征，发展适合非均匀下垫面的地表通量参数化方案，对改进数值模式和刻画高原附近地区复杂地形动力和热力。效应的能力非常必要。本文通过计算次网格地形坡度、坡向参数及其对到达地面短波辐射通量的影响，提出次网格地形热力效应的参数化方案，改进数值模式中复杂地形区域地面热量平衡的计算。利用p—σ区域气候模式的数值试验结果表明，次网格地形热力效应参数化方案的引入，对东亚地区夏季气候尤其是降水的模拟有明显的改进。 相似文献
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本文是祁连山夏季地形云结构和微物理过程模拟的第II部分。文中利用第I部分中祁连山夏季两个地形云降水个例的模拟结果,详细分析了地形云及其降水发展期间云微物理过程的特征及变化,并通过与平坦地面条件下模拟结果的对比,研究了云发展过程中的地形影响。研究表明,地形云中微物理过程的发展受地形影响很大,冰相微物理过程明显增强;地形影响下云的主要降水机制也受到影响甚至被改变。 相似文献
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本文分析了1984年冬季北疆4次降水过程（11月21日、11月28日、12月1日、12月9日）的雷达观测资料、加密探空和包括1983年几次过程的飞机穿云观测、地面雪强和雪晶微物理观测以及常规观测资料等。结果表明，该区气旋锋面降水过程由频繁有秩的中小尺度降水带构成。依据观测可将它们分为两类:地形降水带和系统降水带。本文还初步研究了降水结构和降水带的生成机制，并进一步探讨了降水带的可播性。从各种降水带微结构特点和地面降水特征得知，该区冬季人工增雪催化对象主要是无高空强引晶作用的锋下层积云和浅对流、波动、爬坡等动力作用产生的降水带。 相似文献
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Validation of high-resolution TRMM-3B43 precipitation product using rain gauge measurements over Kyrgyzstan 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
Marina O. Karaseva Satya Prakash R. M. Gairola 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2012,108(1-2):147-157
This paper presents the validation of monthly precipitation using Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA)—3B43 product with conventional rain gauge observations for the period 1998–2007 over Kyrgyzstan. This study is carried out to quantify the accuracy of TMPA-3B43 product over the high latitude and complex orographic region. The present work is quite important because it is highly desirable to compare the TMPA precipitation product with the ground truth data at a regional scale, so that the satellite product can be fine-tuned at that scale. For the validation, four different types of spatial collocation have been used: station wise, climatic zone wise, topographically and seasonal. The analysis has been done at the same spatial and temporal scales in order to eliminate the sampling biases in the comparisons. The results show that TMPA-3B43 product has statistically significant correlation (r?=?0.36–0.88) with rain gauge data over the most parts of the country. The minimum linear correlation is observed around the large continental water bodies (e.g., Issyk-Kul lake; r?=?0.17–0.19). The overall result suggests that the precipitation estimated using TMPA-3B43 product performs reasonably well over the plain regions and even over the orographic regions except near the big lake regions. Also, the negative bias suggests the systematic underestimation of high precipitation by TMPA-3B43 product. The analyses suggest the need of a better algorithm for precipitation estimation over this region separately to capture the different types of rain events more reliably. 相似文献
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GRAPES中地形重力波拖曳物理过程的引进和应用试验 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
在中国新一代全球中期/区域中尺度同化与预报系统(GRAPES)模式中引进了ECMWF地形重力波拖曳物理过程,填补了GRAPES全球中期数值预报系统中物理过程的空白。重新计算了地形重力波过程需要的地形静态资料数据,并与原ECMWF模式的地形静态参数进行了对比分析,验证了模式地形参数的正确性。利用GRAPES模式,进行了地形重力波拖曳物理过程影响的敏感性数值试验;结果表明:引进地形重力波拖曳过程以后,在存在大地形的区域,风场会发生变化,当纬向风遇到青藏高原时,一部分气流会产生爬坡效应而越过高原,使高原上空的西风气流减弱;另一部分气流会绕过高原,在高原的南侧产生绕流;随着模式积分时间的延长,风场变化会越来越明显,地形越复杂,风场的变化也越复杂;连续的模式积分试验结果显示,引进地形重力波过程,可以延长GRAPES模式的可用预报时效,提高了全球形势预报的准确率。通过对一次降水过程的模拟,对地形重力波过程影响降水预报的原因进行了简单分析。结果显示:引进地形重力波拖曳过程后,改变了大气流场的分布,使预报的流场更接近于大气真实状态,从而提高了降水预报的准确率。 相似文献
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G. E. Glazirin 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》1997,58(3-4):141-145
Summary A new type of approximating function is advanced to describe the relationship of monthly precipitation amount to altitude. Three of its parameters have an evident physical meaning. One of them directly depends on air temperature. The attempt was undertaken to connect the remaining two with some climatic and orographic factors. The results of this research can be useful to evaluate alterations of precipitation distribution with altitude under a changed climate.With 5 Figures 相似文献
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In order to investigate the impact of the smoothed orography and the spurious orographic ripples on simu-lations in the low-resolution spectral model, three different numerical tests, that is, the unsmoothed orography scheme, the smoothed orography scheme and non-ripples scheme are performed. In this paper, the model used by us is the same as Part I except for orographic specification.The results from simulations indicate that, as far as the climatic simulation is concerned, some aspects of the simulated stationary disturbances, zonal and meridional wind, temperature and precipitation in the low-resolu-tion spectral model with properly smoothed mountains are significantly improved, especially in winter hemis-phere.The deep ripples in the model with the unsmoothed orography produce spurious high pressure regions at the surface with subsidence, and suppress rainfall, causing an unrealistic splitting of the precipitation area in northern winter and summer. Removal of tbe deep ripples by using the special procedure for smoothing topog-raphy allows a strong upward motion in the ripple area with heavy rainfall, eliminating the unrelistic split in the precipitation area. 相似文献
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地形非均匀性对网格区地面长波辐射通量计算的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
从理论和数值试验两个方面证明地形的非均匀性(如海拔高度)对网格区地面长波辐射通量的计算有重要影响,海拔高度场的区域平均值及其变差系数是影响网格区地面长波辐射通量的主要因素,仅仅用地表均匀假定下的区域平均参量(如平均海拔高度和平均温度)所计算的网格区地表有效辐射通量值与其真实值之间存在着一定的误差。由于地表有效辐射通量是海拔高度的非线性函数,在特定情况下,其影响相当大,可产生不容忽略的误差。相对而言,海拔高度自身非均匀性对误差的影响远大于地表温度非均匀性项及其混合扰动项所产生的误差。对于不同的地形平均高度,地形非均匀性影响的程度并不相同。平均高度较小时,非均匀性的影响几乎可以忽略,但随着地形平均高度的增加,地形非均匀性的影响程度呈非线性增长趋势。因而,在复杂地形区域,考虑次网格地形的热力作用非常必要。 相似文献
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The correlation between light precipitation events and visibility at Mt. Hua, (Shannxi Province, China) and at the surrounding plains stations was analyzed. Trends and changes in visibility, precipitation, the precipitation difference between Mt. Hua and the plains stations (De) and wind speed over the study area during the years 1980–2009 were also investigated. The significant positive correlation between visibility and light precipitation throughout the study period indicates that light precipitation events, notably orographic precipitation, are suppressed by aerosol pollution in this region. The trend of increasing air pollution aerosols since 1980, represented by visibility at Mt. Hua, ended in 2002 with a decreasing trend observed in more recent years. These changes were mirrored by corresponding changes in De. However, the total precipitation trends at Mt. Hua and the plains stations are consistent in both frequency and amount during the two periods, suggesting that the suppressive effect of pollution aerosols on light and moderate precipitation is the most likely cause for the changes in orographic precipitation at Mt. Hua during this time. The analysis of wind strength suggests that the increase in winds at Mt. Hua is highly related to the aerosol radiative effects; this increase of mountain winds is therefore a potential cause for the reduction in precipitation at Mt. Hua. This research provides further support for the hypothesis that aerosol microphysical effects can reduce orographic precipitation and suggests that aerosol radiative effects might act to suppress orographic precipitation through changes in wind speed. 相似文献
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Aerosol particles can serve as cloud condensation nuclei(CCN)to influence orographic clouds.Autoconversion,which describes the initial formation of raindrops from the collision of cloud droplets,is an important process for aerosol-cloud-precipitation systems.In this study,seven autoconversion schemes are used to investigate the impact of CCN on orographic warm-phase clouds.As the initial cloud droplet concentration is increased from 100 cm-3to 1000 cm-3(to represent an increase in CCN),the cloud water increases and then the rainwater is suppressed due to a decrease in the autoconversion rate,leading to a spatial shift in surface precipitation.Intercomparison of the results from the autoconversion schemes show that the sensitivity of cloud water,rainwater,and surface precipitation to a change in the concentration of CCN is different from scheme to scheme.In particular,the decrease in orographic precipitation due to increasing CCN is found to range from-87%to-10%depending on the autoconversion scheme.Moreover,the surface precipitation distribution also changes significantly by scheme or CCN concentration,and the increase in the spillover(ratio of precipitation on the leeward side to total precipitation)induced by increased CCN ranges from 10%to 55%under different autoconversion schemes.The simulations suggest that autoconversion parameterization schemes should not be ignored in the interaction of aerosol and orographic cloud. 相似文献