共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
一个新的季风指数和全球季风的地理分布(英) 总被引：55，自引：2，他引：55
一个新的季风指数即动态标准化季节变率被提出用来研究有关季风的问题。这个动态标准化季节变率指数能够很好地描述不同季风区的季节变化和年际变率,而且它还可以用来划分全球季风系统的地理分布。进一步,本文指出它对于深入理解季风来研究经典季风、庸季风和类季风系统的区别、联系及相互作用是非常有用的。 相似文献
2.
一个新的季风指数即动态标准化季节变率被提出用来研究有关季风的问题。这个动态标准化季节变率指数能够很好地描述不同季风区的季节变化和年际变率，而且它还可以用来划分全球季风系统的地理分布。进一步，本指出它对于深入理解季风来研究经典季风、庸季风和类季风系统的区别、联系及相互作用是非常有用的。 相似文献
3.
运用小波分析方法和相关分析对东亚季的准两年振荡的存在及其与ＥＮＳＯ变率的关系进行了研究,结果指出：东亚季风具有显著的准两年振荡特征,但周期与振幅具有明显的年代际变化,同时东亚季风的ＱＢＯ过程与ＥｌＮｉｎｏ事件具有密切的联系; 相似文献
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5.
本文利用1960～2017年中国西南地区115个台站观测降水资料和日本气象厅发布的55年再分析资料集,研究了中国西南地区5月降水变异的主导模态及其与阿拉伯海季风的关系。结果显示,中国西南地区5月降水的第一主导模态主要表现为全区一致的变异特征;该模态与同期5月阿拉伯海季风强度异常关系密切,但两者的关系在20世纪70年代后期发生了显著的年代际变化。在1960～1976年,阿拉伯海季风异常所引起的低层大气环流和水汽输送异常主要集中在阿拉伯海到孟加拉湾一带;阿拉伯海季风异常所引起的大气环流不能到达中国西南地区,因此它对中国西南地区5月降水的影响偏弱。但在1981～2017年,阿拉伯海季风异常可以导致整个北印度洋到南海地区的大气环流异常,进而引起中国西南地区水汽和垂直运动的变化,最终对该地区5月降水产生显著的影响。进一步的研究显示,阿拉伯海季风与中国西南地区5月降水关系的变化可能与季风自身的年代际变率有关。阿拉伯海季风在20世纪70年代末之前变率偏弱,其引起的环流异常也偏弱;相反在20世纪70年代末之后,其变率增强,它引起的大气环流异常也偏强,可以延伸到中国西南地区,进而影响到西南地区的5月降水。因此,季风变率的强弱可能在季风对西南地区5月降水的影响中起着非常重要的作用。 相似文献
6.
利用１９５１￣１９９７年的东亚季风强度指数、印缅槽指数、５００百帕西太平洋副高（简称副高）特征量资料,分析６￣７月季风环流特征与梅雨和汛期降水的关系。结果表明：（１）季风强度适中,副高西伸脊点偏西成为夏季风雨带在长江流域停滞并引发特大洪涝的典型特征;（２）４￣５月印缅槽指数偏低（高）则６￣７月副高的西伸脊点偏东（西）;（３）夏季风的强弱与４￣５月季风的强弱和４月东西伯利亚冷高压强弱及５月印度半岛－ 相似文献
7.
1961～2009年中国季风区范围和季风降水变化 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
东亚季风对中国气候和环境有重要影响, 以往研究多关注于季风环流和人为给定区域内夏季降水的变化, 对于季风区域变化本身及其相伴的季风降水鲜有涉及。本文使用四套降水观测资料, 其中包括基于2416个台站最新资料所得到的中国区域高分辨率降水格点数据, 集中分析了1961～2009年中国季风区范围、季风区西北边界、季风降水及其强度变化。结果表明, 季风区约占中国陆地面积的60%, 研究时段内总体上在缩少;季风降水无趋势性变化而是表现为一定的年际和年代际变率;中国季风降水强度平均为4.46 mm d-1。季风区西北部的东、西边界间区域属于典型的干湿交错带, 季风区西北边界在40°N以南整体上表现为-0.026°/a的西进趋势, 而在其北部则表现为0.041°/a的东退, 这主要是源于区域尺度热力对比、大气环流和水汽通量的变化所致。 相似文献
8.
大气环流的季节变化和季风 总被引：45，自引：13，他引：32
利用多年平均气候资料计算了全球各地和各等压面上的大气环流季节变率（即冬季和夏季环流之差或者1月和7月环流之差再除以年平均）,发现在对流层低层环流有5个很突出的季节变率极大值的区域,分别位于热带和南北两半球的副热带和中-高纬度带（温-寒带）,它们分别对应于经典所谓的热带季风区,太平洋、印度洋和大西洋的副热带高 压季节性移动区域,以及温-寒带气旋的风暴轴线区域。这5个区域也可分别称为热带季风区、副热带季风区和温-寒带季风区。季节变率带有鲜明的斜压性:在对流层低层热带季风和副热带季风虽相互连接然而仍然明显可分,但越往上,副热带季风一支就越往低纬移动,结果在200 hPa处与热带季风混合为一,形成为斜交赤道的带,和所谓的行星季风区相对应;再往上,在平流层上层,则南北两半球各在中纬度带有一完好的非常鲜明的季节变率极大值带,它们与黑夜急流的维持和崩溃有关。此外,文中还探索了各季节来临的时空分布以及年际变化等问题。 相似文献
9.
夏季南海季风对长江中下游季风降水影响的观测分析和数值模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用ERA-40、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、NOAA的CMAP降水资料以及MM5v3中尺度模式,通过定义一个东亚热带季风强度指数,从观测资料和数值模拟角度研究夏季(6-7月)南海季风异常变化对长江中下游季风和降水的影响.从资料分析结果可以看出,在年际尺度变率上,6-7月南海热带季风和降水与长江中下游的西南风和降水存在着反位相变化关系,当热带季风和降水偏强(弱)时,长江中下游西南季风偏弱(强)、降水偏少(多);数值模拟结果进一步表明,当改变南海季风强度时,长江中下游季风和降水都有显著的变化,其异常特征与观测结果基本一致,这证明了热带季风对长江中下游季风降水的影响,并且,这种影响可以得到物理过程的支持;此外,在年际变率上,当夏季热带季风偏强时,热带异常西风和降水正异常主要维持在热带地区,未向北移到长江中下游地区,因而未加强对中国南方地区的水汽输送,亦未引起中国南方西南气流和降水加强;相反,偏强的热带季风通过调整大气内部过程引起西太平洋副热带高压脊减弱且位置偏南,使长江中下游的西南季风和降水强度减弱. 相似文献
10.
耦合模式FGOALS_s 模拟的亚澳季风年际变率及ENSO 总被引：10，自引：7，他引：3
本文评估了中国科学院大气物理研究所大气科学和地球流体力学数值模拟国家重点实验室 (LASG/IAP) 新一代耦合气候模式FGOALS_s对亚澳季风和ENSO的模拟。结果表明, FGOALS_s可以模拟出亚澳季风的主要气候态特征。FGOALS_s模拟的ENSO事件振幅为观测值的70%, 同时它合理再现了ENSO周期的非规则性。FGOALS_s可以定性模拟出ENSO的主要空间特征。当赤道东太平洋SST升高时, 印度洋和西太平洋海表面气压升高, 而东太平洋海表面气压降低。FGOALS_s的主要缺陷在于模拟的ENSO峰值多出现在春季和夏季。与ENSO振幅偏小相反, FGOALS_s模拟的亚澳季风年际变率振幅大于观测。但是观测中亚澳季风年际变率与ENSO暖位相的显著负相关关系, 在模式中没有得到合理再现, 原因部分可归之于耦合模式在ENSO锁相模拟上的缺陷。由于模式模拟的ENSO峰值出现在北半球春季和夏季, Walker环流异常下沉支移动到西北太平洋, 其激发出的异常反气旋位置较之观测要偏东, 导致印度季风降水和El Niño的负相关关系不显著; 在北半球冬季, 由于模式中的赤道东太平洋SST暖异常较弱, 亚澳季风响应也偏弱。此外, 由于赤道东太平洋SST异常向西伸展, 观测中位于澳洲季风区的辐散中心向西偏移, 最终导致模式中澳洲季风降水与ENSO的负相关同样不显著。 相似文献
11.
Thrusts and Prospects on Understanding and Predicting Asian Monsoon Climate 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6 
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下载免费PDF全文 WANG Bin 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2008,22(4):383-403
Development of monsoon climate prediction through integrated research efforts to improve our understanding of monsoon variability and predictability is a primary goal of the Asian Monsoon Years （200-2011） and International Monsoon Study under the leadership of the World Climate Research Programme. The present paper reviews recent progress in Asian monsoon research focusing on （1） understanding and modeling of the monsoon variability, （2） determining the sources and limits of predictability, and （3） assessing the current status of climate prediction, with emphasis on the weekly to interannual time scales. Particular attention is paid to identify scientific issues and thrust areas, as well as potential directions to move forward in an attempt to stimulate future research to advance our understanding of monsoon climate dynamics and improve our capability to forecast Asian monsoon climate variation. 相似文献
12.
General circulation models still show deficiencies in simulating the basic features of the West African Monsoon at intraseasonal,
seasonal and interannual timescales. It is however, difficult to disentangle the remote versus regional factors that contribute
to such deficiencies, and to diagnose their possible consequences for the simulation of the global atmospheric variability.
The aim of the present study is to address these questions using the so-called grid point nudging technique, where prognostic
atmospheric fields are relaxed either inside or outside the West African Monsoon region toward the ERA40 reanalysis. This
regional or quasi-global nudging is tested in ensembles of boreal summer simulations. The impact is evaluated first on the
model climatology, then on intraseasonal timescales with an emphasis on North Atlantic/Europe weather regimes, and finally
on interannual timescales. Results show that systematic biases in the model climatology over West Africa are mostly of regional
origin and have a limited impact outside the domain. A clear impact is found however on the eddy component of the extratropical
circulation, in particular over the North Atlantic/European sector. At intraseasonal timescale, the main regional biases also
resist to the quasi-global nudging though their magnitude is reduced. Conversely, nudging the model over West Africa exerts
a strong impact on the frequency of the two North Atlantic weather regimes that favor the occurrence of heat waves over Europe.
Significant impacts are also found at interannual timescale. Not surprisingly, the quasi-global nudging allows the model to
capture the variability of large-scale dynamical monsoon indices, but exerts a weaker control on rainfall variability suggesting
the additional contribution of regional processes. Conversely, nudging the model toward West Africa suppresses the spurious
ENSO teleconnection that is simulated over Europe in the control experiment, thereby emphasizing the relevance of a realistic
West African monsoon simulation for seasonal prediction in the extratropics. Further experiments will be devoted to case studies
aiming at a better understanding of regional processes governing the monsoon variability and of the possible monsoon teleconnections,
especially over Europe. 相似文献
13.
BAO Qing 《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,5(1):43-48
Responses of the Asian Summer Monsoon(ASM) in future projections have been studied based on two core future projections of phase five of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP5) coordinated experiments with the IAP-coupled model FGOALS_s2(the Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System Model).The projected changes of the ASM in climatological mean and interannual variability were respectively reported.Both the South Asian Summer Monsoon(SASM) and the East Asian Summer Monsoon(EASM) were intensified in their climatology,featuring increased monsoon precipitation and an enhanced monsoon lower-level westerly jet flow.Accordingly,the amplitude of the annual cycle of rainfall over East Asia(EA) is enhanced,thereby indicating a more abrupt monsoon onset.After the EA monsoon onset,the EASM marched farther northward in the future scenarios than in the historical runs.In the interannual variability,the leading pattern of the EASM,defined by the first multi-variable EOF analysis over EA,explains more of the total variances in the warmest future scenario,specifically,Representative Concentration Pathway(RCP8.5).Also,the correlation coefficients analysis suggests that the relationship between the EASM interannual variations and ENSO was significantly strengthened in the future projections,which may indicate improved predictability of the EASM interannual variations. 相似文献
14.
The mean evolution of the Asian summer monsoon and its interannual variability have been studied using three simulations (from 1961 to 1994) with the ECHAM4 General Circulation Model (GCM). The results have been compared with observational data and with two reanalyses data sets: the ECMWF Reanalysis (ERA) and the NCEP-NCAR Reanalysis. The South Asian summer monsoon (SASM) has been studied in terms of mean precipitation and circulation patterns. The model is successful in simulating the mean circulation of the SASM, though precipitation is generally weaker than observed in India, but closer to the observed values over the Indian Ocean and the Philippines. The ECHAM4 model also shows a capability to capture the interannual variability of the monsoon as it is measured by two different indices, the EIMR (Extended Indian Monsoon Rainfall) index and the DMI (Dynamical Monsoon Index). An analysis of NINO3 SSTA anomalies and of the Asian summer monsoon indices showed that the model is able to capture rather well the interdecadal variation of the correlation between them. A large ensemble of 25 members, forced with interannually varying SST from 1979 to 1993, has been used to test the potential predictability of the Indian summer monsoon and the dependence of the skill on the ensemble size. Results indicate that a minimum ensemble size of 16 members is needed to capture the variability of the monsoon indices. 相似文献
15.
Variability of Summer Monsoon Rainfall in India on Inter-Annual and Decadal Time Scales 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Porathur Vareed JOSEPH Bindu GOKULAPALAN Archana NAIR Shinu Sheela WILSON 《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,6(5):398-403
Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall(ISMR)exhibits a prominent inter-annual variability known as troposphere biennial oscillation.A season of deficient June to September monsoon rainfall in India is followed by warm sea surface temperature(SST)anomalies over the tropical Indian Ocean and cold SST anomalies over the western Pacific Ocean.These anomalies persist until the following monsoon,which yields normal or excessive rainfall.Monsoon rainfall in India has shown decadal variability in the form of 30 year epochs of alternately occurring frequent and infrequent drought monsoons since1841,when rainfall measurements began in India.Decadal oscillations of monsoon rainfall and the well known decadal oscillations in SSTs of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans have the same period of approximately 60 years and nearly the same temporal phase.In both of these variabilities,anomalies in monsoon heat source,such as deep convection,and middle latitude westerlies of the upper troposphere over south Asia have prominent roles. 相似文献
16.
Joseph Susmitha Sahai A. K. Shabu Hindhiya Chattopadhyay R. Kaur Manpreet 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2022,147(1-2):251-264
Theoretical and Applied Climatology - Monsoon intraseasonal oscillations (MISOs) define a significant proportion of intraseasonal variability of the Indian summer monsoon. In the backdrop of... 相似文献
17.
Substantial progress has been made over the past three decades since the Monsoon Experiments(MONEX) of 1978–79. Here, we review these achievements by highlighting four breakthroughs in monsoon research:(1) The identification of the coupled ocean–land–atmosphere nature of the monsoon in the process of the annual cycle of solar heating;(2) new understanding of the changes in the driving forces of monsoon systems, with anthropogenic factors(climate effects of increased greenhouse gas and aerosol emissions) playing an important role in the regulation of monsoons;(3) detection of the interdecadal- and centennial-scale variability of monsoon systems, and its attribution to the combined impact of global warming and natural(especially oceanic) effects; and(4) the emerging concept of the global monsoon and its long-term variation under the impact of global climate change. All the observational and model-derived evidence demonstrates that the monsoon system, as an important component of the global climate system, has already changed and will continue to change in the future. This picture of an evolving monsoon system poses great challenges for near-term prediction and long-term projection. 相似文献
18.
东亚冬季风异常的空间结构及与海陆热力差异的联系 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
对NCEP／NCAR再分析资料采用经验正交函数和奇异谱分析方法研究东亚冬季风异常的空间结构和时间变率，在进行相关分析的基础上用奇异值分解方法研究东亚冬季风异常与海陆热力差异的联系。分析结果表明：在东亚季风区内冬季风异常有明显的地理差异，根据经向风的气修平均图及均方差图上极值中心的位置、形态，确定三个区域。WM1、WM2、WM3区为东亚冬季风的三个子系统，分别位于南海、东海、日本海上。三个子系统强度的年际、年代际变率都不同。近40aWM3区冬季风呈减弱趋势，而WM1、WM2区冬季风没有明显的减弱趋势，不同地区海陆热力差异明显不同子系统的强度，WM1、WM2区冬季风与热带西太平洋海温相关紧密，WM3区冬季风与高纬度海陆热力差异相关密切。 相似文献
19.
Kira Rehfeld Norbert Marwan Sebastian F. M. Breitenbach Jürgen Kurths 《Climate Dynamics》2013,41(1):3-19
Internal variability of the Asian monsoon system and the relationship amongst its sub-systems, the Indian and East Asian Summer Monsoon, are not sufficiently understood to predict its responses to a future warming climate. Past environmental variability is recorded in Palaeoclimate proxy data. In the Asian monsoon domain many records are available, e.g. from stalagmites, tree-rings or sediment cores. They have to be interpreted in the context of each other, but visual comparison is insufficient. Heterogeneous growth rates lead to uneven temporal sampling. Therefore, computing correlation values is difficult because standard methods require co-eval observation times, and sampling-dependent bias effects may occur. Climate networks are tools to extract system dynamics from observed time series, and to investigate Earth system dynamics in a spatio-temporal context. We establish paleoclimate networks to compare paleoclimate records within a spatially extended domain. Our approach is based on adapted linear and nonlinear association measures that are more efficient than interpolation-based measures in the presence of inter-sampling time variability. Based on this new method we investigate Asian Summer Monsoon dynamics for the late Holocene, focusing on the Medieval Warm Period (MWP), the Little Ice Age (LIA), and the recent period of warming in East Asia. We find a strong Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) influence on the East Asian Summer Monsoon during the MWP. During the cold LIA, the ISM circulation was weaker and did not extend as far east. The most recent period of warming yields network results that could indicate a currently ongoing transition phase towards a stronger ISM penetration into China. We find that we could not have come to these conclusions using visual comparison of the data and conclude that paleoclimate networks have great potential to study the variability of climate subsystems in space and time. 相似文献