共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
藏北高原地面加热场的季节变化 总被引：18，自引：12，他引：18
利用五道梁１９９３年９月～１９９５年８月的辐射收支资料，分析了该地区地面加热场的季节变化特征，结果表明：春，秋季地面加热场强度有明显的急增加减过程，正是加热场的这种突变引起了季节的明显转换，冬季地面积雪多的年从那面加热场强度较弱，第二年夏季加热场强度则较强；地面加热场强度的季节变化明显，夏季强，冬季弱；冬季地面积雪时间较长时，由于地表反射率增大，地中释放的土壤热通量较无雪时减少，可能造成该地区地面 相似文献
2.
江西省冬季大雪气候概况和环流特征分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用NCEP2．5°×2．5°再分析资料和常规观测资料,对1980--2008年江西省50次区域性大雪过程的气候概况、环流演变、热力层结、影响系统特征进行归纳分析。结果表明,江西省冬季大雪具有明显的年际、月际变化特征,冷冬年为大雪天气的多发年,进入暖冬期后,则有减少的趋势;空间变化上,出现大雪的频次基本上呈现出自西北向东南逐渐减少的特征,各地区积雪分布极不均匀。大雪期间,极涡、阻塞高压异常强而稳定,中低纬锋区异常强盛;超长波的稳定形势有利于天气背景的维持,造成连续性大雪。有80％的比例存在阻塞高压,以贝加尔湖阻塞高压最多;有70％的比例是受南支槽影响,当南支槽与中高纬度转竖的横槽同位叠加时,有利于引导极地强冷空气向副热带地区爆发,形成江西大范围降雪天气。对流层中低层多存在切变线,雪区位于冷式切变线以南1—3个纬距内或暖式切变附近,雪区伴随着暖切的南移而扩展;700hPa西南气流强盛,急流轴最大风速超过16m／s;当850hPa同时存在切变线时,降雪天气更剧烈。有98％的比例对流层中低层存在逆温,逆温高度平均在700-925hPa;温度垂直分布一般具有1000hPa温度≤0℃,925—850hPa温度≤-2℃,700hPa温度≤-2℃的特点。地面冷空气多为中路,蒙古冷高压异常强大,为降雪的产生创造良好的热力条件。 相似文献
3.
A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF SNOW MASS VARIATIONS IN CHINA OVER THE PAST 30 YEARS 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 李培基 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1992,(2)
Daily snow data for 2300 climate stations covering the period from 1951 through 1980 have been used to monitorand diagnose secular variations,year-to-year fluctuations,and the spatial characteristics of snow variation trends inChina.An examination of time series reveals that there is a strong teleconnction to ENSO,to major volcanic eruptions,as well as to the CO_2-induced warming.The country-wide snow mass variations are positively correlated with globalmean temperature,increasing during the current warming period and decreasing during the recent cooling period priorto the mid 1960s.A synchronous relationship exists between El Nino/Southern Oscillation and snowy winter in China.The year-to-year snow fluctuations seem to be generally out of phase with volcanic activity.The anomaly map showsthat snow mass increased in high altitudes and moist regions,while it decreased in arid lowland and the southern bounda-ry zone during the warming period.The potential CO_2-induced changes in snow mass will further aggravate the regionaldifferentiation between high mountains and lowlands,between moist and arid regions.The number of snow cover dayswill decrease in the northern lowlands,and snowfall will increase in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,high mountains,andthe lower reaches of the Changjiang(Yangtze)River. 相似文献
4.
Li Peiji 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1992,6(2):231-237
Daily snow data for 2300 climate stations covering the period from 1951 through 1980 have been used to monitor and diagnose secular variations,year-to-year fluctuations,and the spatial characteristics of snow variation trends in China.An examination of time series reveals that there is a strong teleconnction to ENSO,to major volcanic eruptions,as well as to the CO2-induced warming.The country-wide snow mass variations are positively correlated with global mean temperature,increasing during the current warming period and decreasing during the recent cooling period prior to the mid 1960s.A synchronous relationship exists between El Nino/Southern Oscillation and snowy winter in China.The year-to-year snow fluctuations seem to be generally out of phase with volcanic activity.The anomaly map shows that snow mass increased in high altitudes and moist regions,while it decreased in arid lowland and the southern boundary zone during the warming period.The potential CO2-induced changes in snow mass will further aggravate the regional differentiation between high mountains and lowlands,between moist and arid regions.The number of snow cover days will decrease in the northern lowlands,and snowfall will increase in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,high mountains,and the lower reaches of the Changjiang(Yangtze) River. 相似文献
5.
Jaak Jaagus 《Climatic change》1997,36(1-2):65-77
The paper deals with problems of temporal and spatial variability of snow cover duration, of correlation between snow cover and winter mean air temperature patterns and of the impact of climate change on the snow cover pattern in Estonia. Snow cover fields are presented in form of IDRISI raster images. Snow cover duration measured at ca 100 stations and observation points have been interpolated into raster cells. On the base of time series of raster images, a map of mean territorial distribution of snow cover duration is calculated. Estonia is characterized by a great spatial variability of snow cover mostly caused by the influence of the Baltic Sea. General regularities of snow cover pattern are determined. A 104-year time series of spatial mean values of snow cover duration is composed and analyzed. A decreasing trend and periodical fluctuations have detected. Standardized principal component analysis is used for the time series of IDRISI raster images. It enables to study the influence of different factors on the formation of snow cover fields and territorial extent of coherent fluctuations. Correlation between snow cover duration and winter mean air temperature fields is analyzed. A spatial regression model is created for estimation of the influence of climate change on snow cover pattern in Estonia. Using incremental climate change scenarios (2 °C, 4 °C and 6 °C of warming in winter) mean decrease of snow cover duration in different regions in Estonia is calculated. According to results of model calculation, the highest decrease of snow cover duration will be take place on islands and in the coastal region of West Estonia. A permanent snow cover may not form at all. In the areas with maximum snow cover duration in North-East and South-East Estonia, that decrease should be much lower. 相似文献
6.
THE MICROPHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF SNOW CLOUDS AND THE GROWTH PROCESS OF SNOW PARTICLES IN WINTER IN XINJIANG 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 The microphysical structure of snow clouds and the growth process of snow crystals were observed by means of instrumented aircraft,weather radar,snow crystal observations etc.in Urumqi region during the winter of 1982.The analysis of three cases show that about 70% of snow mass growth is produced in the lower layer below 2000 m under the cold front,and that the concentration of ice crystals is as high as 60 L-1 and the supercooled water is absent in lower clouds.We may infer that the deposition of ice crystals and the aggregation of snow crystals are important processes for the snow development.The microphysical structure of the snow band near the front aloft and its characteristics as a seeder cloud are also described in this paper. 相似文献
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E. Bednorz 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2016,41(9):648-656
The seasonal cycle of snow cover in Eastern Siberia is characterized, and synoptic preconditions of snow accumulation in winter and snow ablation in spring are determined using daily datasets. It was ascertained that cyclone activity has a strong impact on the occurrence of abundant snowfalls in Eastern Siberia. Negative anomalies of sea level pressure (SLP) usually spread westward or southwestward from the place of recorded substantial snowfalls, and they are associated with positive anomalies of air temperature located to the east or northeast of SLP depressions. Cyclonic circulation causes inflow of relatively warm and humid southern air masses originating from the Pacific Ocean, to the eastern parts of cyclones. During the days with snow ablation in spring much lower SLP anomalies occur than during snow accumulation in winter. This may suggest smaller influence of air circulation on snow cover reduction in spring and higher impact of insolation; both result in strong positive anomalies of air temperature which extend over entire Asia. These findings imply that the position, intensity, and dimension of pressure patterns are crucial for determining the location and intensity of rapid changes in snow cover depth during the snow cover season in Eastern Siberia. 相似文献
9.
亚洲季风模拟试验中青藏高原积雪强迫问题的讨论 总被引：10，自引：3，他引：10
青藏高原积雪对亚洲季风和东亚，南亚时旱涝灾害的影响，百余年来一直为中外气候学家所瞩目。近几年来用大气环流模式进行数值试验已成为该研究领域的主要手段，但是由于假设的积雪强迫不同，模拟结果很不一致。作者概据美国宇航局ＳＭＭＲ微波逐候积雪深度１０年的观测结果，提出了一个真实的青藏高原积雪强迫试验方案。 相似文献
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通过对青藏高原多、少雪年的合成分析及数值试验，研究了青藏高原积雪对亚洲 夏季风和我国东部气候异常的影响。结果表明:青藏高原积雪造成亚洲大气环流较大的年际变化。高原积雪改变了高原陆面春、夏季的热状况，使亚洲夏季风爆发推迟20天左右。高原积雪通过以下物理过程影响亚洲夏季风和我国东部气候:高原积雪多(少)→高原春、夏季的感热弱(强)→感热加热引起的上升运动弱(强)，高原强(弱)环境风场→不利(有利)于高原感热通量向上输送→高原上空对流层加热弱(强)→高原对流层温度低(高)→高原南侧温度对比弱(强)→造成亚洲夏季风弱(强)→我国长江流域易涝(旱)。 相似文献
11.
积雪季节变化特征的数值模拟及其敏感性试验 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
文中利用综合陆面模式 (ComprehensiveLandSurfaceModel,CLSM )对法国ColdePorte 1 993/ 1 994 ,1 994 / 1 995年及BOREASSSA OJP 1 994 / 1 995年积雪个例进行了模拟试验 ,通过模拟结果与观测资料的对比 ,检验了CLSM对积雪变化特征的模拟能力 ,并通过敏感性试验探讨了降雪密度、积雪持水量等积雪参数化方案及植被对积雪模拟可能产生的影响。结果表明 :(1 )CLSM能够准确地模拟出积雪的变化过程 ,对积雪的演变特征作出了合理的描述 ;(2 )降雪密度、积雪持水量参数化方案对积雪模拟结果均具有一定的影响 :降雪密度参数化主要对积雪深度的模拟产生影响 ;而积雪持水量参数化方案对积雪的演变过程 ,尤其是积雪的消融 ,具有重要的作用 ;(3)有、无植被存在的情况下 ,积雪 土壤系统的变化过程存在显著的差别 ,植被通过改变积雪 /土壤表面的能量平衡 ,对积雪及土壤的变化过程产生重要影响 :植被的存在有利于积雪的维持 ,使得积雪融化进程推迟 ,冻结土壤的增温明显偏慢 相似文献
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通过对2000年以来云南出现的4次强降雪过程进行分类对比分析和诊断分析, 结果表明:横槽型和北脊南槽型是4次强降雪的主要中高纬环流形势, 3次有南支槽配合, 1次无南支槽活动, 其中2次横槽型造成的强降雪范围广、强度大; 4次强降雪过程云南西侧都有充沛的水汽输送, 水汽通量增大 (即水汽的增加) 是云南强降雪的必备条件, 强降雪出现在较强水汽通量辐合区中, 且落区在辐合中心的偏东一侧、θse线陡立区附近以及暖湿不稳定区域; 强降雪在多普勒雷达上显示为20~30 dBz左右的层状云回波, 对流层中下层的高空冷暖平流和高空西南急流是有南支槽影响的强降雪天气的主要大尺度特征, 而低层偏东急流是无南支槽影响的强降雪的主要特征, 因此高低空急流的形成是强降雪的关键。 相似文献
13.
冬半年欧亚雪盖变化对东亚环流的影响 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
对１９７３～１９９４年期间欧亚雪盖和东亚５００ｈＰａ高度距平资料进行旋转扩展主成分分析,研究了冬半年欧亚雪盖异常与后期夏半年东亚环流分布连续演变的关系及其可能机制。结果表明前期秋冬春季欧洲、中亚和东亚中高纬雪盖异常不同的动态变化激发出具有不同持续性的东亚低频流型,而夏半年东亚副热带环流纬向扩展型演变与前期冬半年欧亚雪盖异常无关。 相似文献
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Wind component fluctuations have been decomposed into contributions of large and small-scale eddies to study turbulence structures in the atmospheric surface layer over snow-covered pack ice for a case with snow drift and another without. It was found that on average, the large eddies contribute little to the covariance, but significantly to the variance of the horizontal wind components. The turbulent kinetic energy and the friction velocity show clearly expressed energy and flux variations. The time series of turbulent statistics, calculated on the basis of large eddies only, show the same behavior. However, the time variations of the turbulent kinetic energy and the friction velocity, determined by the small eddies, are suppressed when there is drifting snow.The occurrence of different types of motions (ejections, sweeps and interactions) was detected by the quadrant-technique. It was found that events with strong drag reduction during snow drift correspond to a strong increase of contributions from the first and third quadrant. However, strong drag reduction events in the case without snow drift are caused by a general decrease of contributions from all four quadrants. It was also found that interactions are significantly less correlated with ejections and sweeps in the case with snow drift than in the case without. 相似文献
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VARIATIONS OF SNOW DEPTH AND DURATION IN THE SWISS ALPS OVER THE LAST 50 YEARS: LINKS TO CHANGES IN LARGE-SCALE CLIMATIC FORCINGS 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
MARTIN BENISTON 《Climatic change》1997,36(3-4):281-300
A study of snow statistics over the past 50 years at several climatological stations in the Swiss Alps has highlighted periods in which snow was either abundant or not. Periods with relative low snow amounts and duration are closely linked to the presence of persistent high surface pressure fields over the Alpine region during late Fall and in Winter. These high pressure episodes are accompanied by large positive temperature anomalies and low precipitation, both of which are unfavorable for snow accumulation during the Winter. The fluctuations of seasonal to annual pressure in the Alpine region is strongly correlated with anomalies of the North Atlantic Oscillation index, which is a measure of the strength of the westerly flow over the Atlantic. This implies that large-scale forcing, and not local or regional factors, plays a dominant role in controling the timing and amount of snow in the Alps, as evidenced by the abundance or dearth of snow over several consecutive years. Furthermore, since the mid-1980s, the length of the snow season and snow amount have substantially decreased, as a result of pressure fields over the Alps which have been far higher and more persistent than at any other time this century. A detailed analysis of a number of additional Alpine stations for the last 15 years shows that the sensitivity of the snow-pack to climatic fluctuations diminishes above 1750 m. In the current debate on anthropogenically-induced climatic change, this altitude is consistent with other studies and estimates of snow-pack sensitivity to past and projected future global warming. 相似文献
16.
本文对夏季贵州自然降水性云的冰雪晶、大粒子作了初步分析。主要结果有:(1)冰雪晶平均浓度比北方地区的低,另外云中含水量大的区域冰雪晶平均浓度值也较大。(2)积状云冰雪晶浓度频数分布较集中,大多数集中于平均值附近,不超过一个量级。(3)冰雪晶和大粒子空间分布有明显差异。(4)在浓积云内暖云部分有冰雪晶沉降。(5)贵州夏季自然云降水及其人工催化的研究必须考虑冰相过程。 相似文献
17.
青藏高原雪盖变化对我国气候的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
青藏高原雪盖是影响我国气候的一个重要因子,除了具有明显的季节变化之外,还有明显的年际变化和年代际变化．它通过改变高原的热力作用而影响东亚季风进程、大气环流以及我国的气温和降水．雪盖具有较为明显的持续性,且具有振幅变化大的特点,人们越来越重视雪盖的气候效应和作为季度预报因子的作用． 相似文献
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青藏高原冬春季雪盖对东亚夏季大气环流影响的研究 总被引：17，自引：7，他引：17
通过分析青藏高原积雪的基本特征，指出高原冬春季雪盖在东亚夏季气候形成与异常中的重要作用，同时分别总结了高原冬春季积雪对东亚夏季大气环流影响的诊断研究和数值试验进展，提出了高原冬春季雪盖对气候影响的可能机制。 相似文献
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青藏高原冬季积雪关键区视热源特征与中国西南春旱的联系 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用1955-2010年地面气象站积雪深度、降水资料和NCEP再分析资料,采用统计相关,异常指数与相关矢等计算方法,对2010年西南春旱区域性特征、青藏高原积雪视热源特征进行了综合分析,研究了西南春旱典型区域,获得了影响西南地区春季降水的青藏高原积雪视热源关键区。对高原积雪关键区积雪深度与该区域大气视热源的相关性进行了综合分析,发现青藏高原积雪关键区2月的视热源代表性最好。重点分析了青藏高原积雪关键区2月大气视热源与后期西南严重春旱区降水的异常指数年际变化及其相关关系,结果表明,冬季青藏高原积雪关键区积雪浅、整层大气视热源偏高,有利于西南地区春季出现干燥的偏北气流,导致我国西南地区春雨异常偏少。青藏高原积雪关键区视热源对我国西南春旱预测具有明显的指示意义。 相似文献