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1.
Decadal variations of summer rainfall during 1951 through 1990 are analyzed by using summer rainfall data of 160 stations in China. Four major patterns of decadal variations are identified. The decadal variations of summer rainfall showed northward shift in the eastern China from South China through the Yangtze-Huaihe River to North China. Summer rainfall in the Yangtze-Huaihe River valley underwent two obvious decadal transitions during the 40 years: one from rainy period to drought period in the end of the 1950’s, the other from drought period to rainy period in the late 1970’s. Correspondingly, the atmospheric circulation over East Asia through the western North Pacific showed two similar obvious transitions. The East Asian/ Pacific (EAP) pattern switched from high index to low index in the end of the 1950’s and from low index to high index in the late 1970’s, respectively. Hence, summer rainfall in the Yangtze-Huaihe River valley is closely associated with the EAP pattern not only in the interannual variation but also in the decadal variation. 相似文献
2.
Yongjian Ren Lianchun Song Zunya Wang Ying Xiao Bing Zhou 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2017,31(2):397-408
Historical studies have shown that summer rainfall in eastern China undergoes decadal variations, with three apparent changes in the late 1970s, 1992, and the late 1990s. The present observational study indicates that summer precipitation over eastern China likely underwent a change in the late 2000s, during which the main spatial pattern changed from negative–positive–negative to positive–negative in the meridional direction. This change in summer precipitation over eastern China may have been associated with circulation anomalies in the middle/upper troposphere. A strong trough over Lake Baikal created a southward flow of cold air during 2009–15, compared with 1999–2008, while the westward recession of the western Pacific subtropical high strengthened the moisture transport to the north, creating conditions that were conducive for more rainfall in the north during this period. The phase shift of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation in the late 2000s led to the Pacific–Japan-type teleconnection wave train shifting from negative to positive phases, resulting in varied summer precipitation over eastern China. 相似文献
3.
春夏东亚大气环流年代际转折的影响及其可能机理 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文通过多变量联合经验正交分解(MV-EOF)方法揭示了近30年(1979~2010年) 春季和夏季东亚大气环流所发生的年代际转折及其与中国南方降水年代际季节反相变化的内在联系,探讨了局地性大气热源年代际变化影响东亚大气环流年代际转折的可能机理.结果表明:(1)东亚大气环流春季第一模态和夏季第二模态在90年代中期都发生了明显的年代际转折;(2)与春季大气环流第一模态和夏季大气环流第二模态年代际转折相对应的是中国南方降水明显的年代际季节反相变化,即春季降水年代际减少,夏季降水年代际增多;(3)春季青藏高原和夏季贝加尔湖地区大气热源年代际变化对东亚大气环流年代际转折有一定贡献,是造成中国南方降水年代际季节反相变化的直接原因;(4)春季青藏高原大气热源的年代际减弱,使得高原东南侧的西南风减弱,导致中国南方上空水汽输送不足,春季降水减少.夏季贝加尔湖大气热源偶极型分布由“南负北正”转变为“南正北负”,由此在贝湖上空激发高压异常,使得夏季雨带北进受阻而停滞南方,造成中国南方夏季降水增多. 相似文献
4.
用50年 (1951~2000年) 观测资料, 分成1951~1976年和1977~2000年两个时段, 研究了江淮地区夏季 (6~8月) 雨量与北半球500 hPa季平均环流时滞遥相关的年代际变化, 同时提出了遥相关不稳定指数, 讨论了遥相关不稳定性的空间分布和季节变化。结果表明, 这两个时段遥相关的空间分布存在显著差异, 且前一时期时滞遥相关强度明显强于后一时期, 特别是江淮地区夏季雨量与前期冬季西太平洋型 (WP) 的相关仅在1976年以前显著, 1977年以后迅速减弱消失, 而对于后一时期, 与春季欧亚遥相关型 (EU) 的相关明显加强。另外, 后一时期江淮地区夏季雨量与夏季EAP波列的相关明显强于前一时期。它反映了太平洋年代际振荡 (PDO) 对东亚季风降水和环流年际相关的影响, 这种遥相关的不稳定性与年代际和年际时间尺度振荡之间的相互作用有密切联系。 相似文献
5.
A decadal shift of summer surface air temperature over Northeast Asia around the mid-1990s 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：8
This study identifies a decadal shift of summer surface air temperature （SAT） over Northeast Asia,including southeastern parts of Russia,Mongolia and northern China,around the mid-1990s.The results suggest that the SAT over the Northeast Asia experienced a significant warming after 1994 relative to that before 1993.This decadal shift also extends to northern China,and leads to a warmer summer over Northeast China and North China after the mid-1990s.The decadal warming over Northeast Asia is found to concur with the enhancement of South China rainfall around the mid-1990s.On the one hand,both the Northeast Asian SAT and South China rainfall exhibit this mid-1990s decadal shift only in summer,but not in other seasons.On the other hand,both the Northeast Asian SAT and South China rainfall exhibit this mid-1990s decadal shift not only in the summer seasonal mean,but also in each month of summer （June,July and August）.Furthermore,the decadal warming is found to result from an anticyclonic anomaly over Northeast Asia,which can be interpreted as the response to the increased precipitation over South China,according to previous numerical results.Thus,we conclude that the warming shift of summer Northeast Asian SAT around the mid-1990s was a remote response to the increased precipitation over South China. 相似文献
6.
东北亚地区初夏、盛夏和传统夏季降水特征及环流型的异同性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文利用1979~2015年GPCP（Global Precipitation Climatology Project）逐月降水资料,采用经验正交函数（EOF）分解和Morlet小波分析方法,对东北亚地区初夏、盛夏和传统夏季降水的时空分布特征以及环流型开展了系统性的研究,揭示了东北亚地区传统夏季降水表现为盛夏降水贡献占主导,其年际和年代际特征以及环流特征同盛夏降水特征相一致,而初夏降水和盛夏降水特征及形成机制则具有显著差异。空间分布上,初夏的降水EOF第一模态表现为“+－+”的三极型分布,而盛夏和传统夏季则表现为南北相反的偶极型特征;时间演变方面,初夏降水表现为5~6 a振荡周期,盛夏为2~3 a为主的振荡周期,传统夏季则兼具上述两类振荡周期;在年代际调整方面,在1990年代末,盛夏降水和传统夏季降水在华北和东北地区发生了显著的年代际转折。此外,分析降水与环流的联系发现:初夏,由于西太平洋上空异常反气旋将西太平洋等地的水汽向北方地区输送,且受欧亚Ⅱ型（EUII）遥相关的作用,东北亚地区初夏降水异常具有明显纬向特征。盛夏,东北亚地区降水主要受到西太平洋副热带高压西伸北进、孟加拉湾和南海等地水汽加强的影响。欧亚Ⅰ型（EUI）遥相关和亚洲太平洋型（EAP）遥相关与我国东北以西和沿海地区的降水具有显著相关性。EU型遥相关的作用使东北亚夏季降水的异常中心存在西北—东南向的波列特征,EAP型遥相关的作用则使夏季降水存在经向三极型或偶极型特征。 相似文献
7.
基于气温和降水观测资料以及美国国家环境预报中心/国家大气研究中心（NCEP/NCAR）大气再分析资料,系统评估了大样本初始化十年际预测试验（CESM-DPLE）对1959—2016年东亚夏季气候预测的能力。结果表明,CESM-DPLE能较好地模拟东亚夏季气候以及相关主要大气环流系统的基本态特征,在年际尺度上对东亚气温有很高的预测技巧但对降水几乎没有预测能力。CESM-DPLE再现了北大西洋多年代际振荡（AMO）经由激发遥相关波列所引起的中高纬度大气环流、东亚夏季风和气候的异常。20世纪90年代末之后,北大西洋多年代际振荡由冷位相转为暖位相,遥相关波列位相调整,东亚受异常低压控制,东亚夏季风偏强,夏季气温偏高、降水偏多。总体上,尽管还存在着不足,但CESM-DPLE对东亚夏季温度年际变化以及与20世纪90年代末北大西洋多年代际振荡位相转变相联的东亚夏季气候年代际变化具备一定的预测能力,是目前研究和预测东亚气候变化的一套较好试验数据。 相似文献
8.
利用甘肃５５ 个测站,１９６８ ～１９９７ 年５ 月中旬至６ 月中旬降水资料,采用 Ｅ Ｏ Ｆ、 Ｒ Ｅ Ｏ Ｆ、波谱分析,对春末夏初降水异常的空间结构及时间演变特征作了研究。结果表明,甘肃河东春末夏初降水异常在空间上主要表现为陇东、中部、陇东南、甘南４ 个主要类型。河东各主要气候区春末夏初降水的时间变化基本趋势是：８０ 年代春末夏初降水增加,而９０ 年代以来,降水均有不同程度减少,干旱加剧。甘肃河东春末夏初降水变化以短周期振荡为其主要特征。在１０ 年的年际变化中,陇东比各型均落后１ ～２ 年。从环流形势看,当春末夏初北半球５００ｈ Ｐａ 高度距平场结构呈现出明显的正 Ｐ Ｎ Ａ 型时,中国西北地区同期降水偏少 相似文献
9.
The interactions among the Asian-Pacific monsoon subsystems have significant impacts on the climatic regimes in the monsoon region and even the whole world. Based on the domestic and foreign related research, an analysis is made of four different teleconnection modes found in the Asian-Pacific monsoon region, which reveal clearly the interactions among the Indian summer monsoon （ISM）, the East Asian summer monsoon （EASM）, and the western North Pacific summer monsoon （WNPSM）. The results show that： （1） In the period of the Asian monsoon onset, the date of ISM onset is two weeks earlier than the beginning of the Meiyu over the Yangtze River Basin, and a teleconnection mode is set up from the southwestern India via the Bay of Bengal （BOB） to the Yangtze River Basin and southern Japan, i.e., the ＂southern＂ teleconnection of the Asian summer monsoon. （2） In the Asian monsoon culmination period, the precipitation of the Yangtze River Basin is influenced significantly by the WNPSM through their teleconnection relationship, and is negatively related to the WNPSM rainfall, that is, when the WNPSM is weaker than normal, the precipitation of the Yangtze River Basin is more than normal. （3） In contrast to the rainfall over the Yangtze River Basin, the precipitation of northern China （from the 4th pentad of July to the 3rd pentad of August） is positively related to the WNPSM. When the WNPSM is stronger than normal, the position of the western Pacific subtropical high （WPSH） becomes farther northeast than normal, the anomalous northeastward water vapor transport along the southwestern flank of WPSH is converged over northern China, providing adequate moisture for more rainfalls than normal there. （4） The summer rainfall in northern China has also a positive correlation with the ISM. During the peak period of ISM, a teleconnection pattern is formed from Northwest India via the Tibetan Plateau to northern China, i.e., the ＂northern＂ teleconnection of the Asian summer monsoon. The 相似文献
10.
基于1921—2016年天津地区降水、气温观测数据,对全球降水气候中心降水(GPCC-P)、东英吉利大学气候研究中心气温(CRU-T)进行适用性评估后发现GPCC-P和CRU-T均能较好地反映天津地区降水和气温的变化。在此基础上,进一步利用GPCC-P、CRU-T计算的标准化降水蒸散指数(SPEI)分析天津地区近百年干旱时空演变特征并判断其未来变化趋势。结果表明:(1)天津干旱主要发生于1940年代初期、1990年代末和2000年代初期,四季均以轻旱和中旱为主,干旱高频季节由秋、冬季逐渐转为春、夏季。(2)天津全区SPEI气候趋势在6个时期除秋季整体呈"升、降、升"分布特征外,春、夏、冬季均表现为"升、降"的分布特征,且夏季下降趋势最为显著,1961—2010年宁河每10 a下降0.30。(3)1921—1970、1931—1980、1941—1990年天津春、冬季湿润化趋势由降水主导,而夏、秋季则由气温和降水协同影响;1951—2000、1961—2010、1971—2016年春季干旱趋势主要受气温影响,夏、冬季则为气温和降水协同影响,随着全球变暖,气温升高对干旱的影响逐渐增强。(4)1921—2016年天津地区四季SPEI与PDO呈负相关关系,春、夏季相关性从西北向东南递减,而秋、冬季相关性则由东南向西北递减。(5)未来夏季天津全区、冬季天津西南部呈干旱化趋势,春季干旱化趋势、秋季湿润化趋势不明显。 相似文献
11.
In this study,monthly NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data and NOAA ERSST as well as observed precipitation data from 160 stations in China were used to investigate coupled modes affecting the rainfall over China and sea surface temperature (SST) in the Pacific during boreal summertime based on singular value decomposition (SVD) method.The SVD analysis revealed three remarkable coupled modes:rainfall over North China associated with an ENSO-like SST pattern (ENSO-NC),rainfall over the Yangtze River valley associated with SST anomalies in the western tropical Pacific (WTP-YRV),and rainfall over the Yellow River loop valley associated with tropical Pacific meridional mode-like SST pattern (TPMM-YRLV).These coupled SVD modes appear robust and closely correlated with the single field.Furthermore,the covariabilities among of the three coupled modes have different characteristics at the decadal time scale.In addition,the possible atmospheric teleconnections of the coupled rainfall and SST modes were discussed.For the ENSO-NC mode,anomalous low-pressure and high-pressure over the Asian continent induces moisture divergence over North China and reduces summer rainfall there.For the WTP-YRV mode,East Asia-Pacific teleconnection induces moisture convergence over the Yangtze River valley and enhances the summer rainfall there.The TPMM SST and the summer rainfall anomalies over the YRVL are linked by a circumglobal,wave-train-like,atmospheric teleconnection. 相似文献
12.
Relations between Tibetan Plateau precipitation and large-scale climate indices are studied based on the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the boreal summer season. The focus is on the decadal variability of links between the large-scale circulation and the plateau drought and wetness. Analysis of teleconnectivity of the continental northern hemisphere standardized summer precipitation reveals the Tibetan Plateau as a major SPI teleconnectivity center in south-eastern Asia connecting remote correlation patterns over Eurasia. Employing a moving window approach, changes in covariability and synchronizations between Tibetan Plateau summer SPI and climate indices are analyzed on decadal time scales. Decadal variability in the relationships between Tibetan Plateau summer SPI and the large-scale climate system is characterized by three shifts related to changes in the North Atlantic, the Indian Ocean, and the tropical Pacific. Changes in the North Atlantic variability (North Atlantic Oscillation) result in a stable level of Tibetan Plateau summer SPI variability; the response to changes in tropical Pacific variability is prominent in various indices such as Asian monsoon, Pacific/North America, and East Atlantic/Western Russia pattern.
相似文献13.
1990年代末东亚北部地区夏季水汽输送年代际变化特征及其影响机制 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用1983～2011年降水量、环流和海温的再分析资料,探讨了东亚北部地区夏季水汽输送的年代际变化特征,并分析了前冬北大西洋海温对东亚北部地区夏季水汽输送与大气环流的可能影响。研究结果表明,20世纪90年代末期东亚北部地区夏季整层水汽与降水年代际的变化特征相一致,整层水汽通量的年代际变化主要是由于纬向水汽输送异常作用的结果。东亚北部地区（35°～55°N,90°～145°E）西边界的水汽输送通量由多变少,东边界的水汽输送通量由少变多特征则直接导致了该地区降水由偏多转为偏少的年代际变化。就外强迫海温角度来说,前冬北大西洋海温跟东亚北部地区夏季500 hPa高度场、850 hPa风场和850 hPa比湿均显著相关。同时,在20世纪90年代中后期前冬北大西洋海温也表现出由偏低向偏高转变的年代际变化特征,且由于海温自身的记忆性前冬的海温异常一直延续到夏季。并在夏季激发出横跨北大西洋和欧亚大陆中高纬度地区的大西洋-欧亚（AEA）遥相关结构,并进一步影响东亚北部地区夏季水汽输送。 相似文献
14.
Changes of Frequency of Summer Precipitation Extremes over the Yangtze River in Association with Large-scale Oceanic-atmospheric Conditions 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Changes of the frequency of precipitation extremes (the number of days with daily precipitation exceeding the 90th percentile of a daily climatology,referred to as R90N) in summer (June-August) over the mid-lower reaches of the Yangtze River are analyzed based on daily observations during 1961-2007.The first singular value decomposition (SVD) mode of R90N is linked to an ENSO-like mode of the sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) in the previous winter.Responses of different grades of precipitation events to the climatic mode are compared.It is notable that the frequency of summer precipitation extremes is significantly related with the SSTA in the Pacific,while those of light and moderate precipitation are not.It is suggested that the previously well-recognized impact of ENSO on summer rainfall along the Yangtze River is essentially due to a response in summer precipitation extremes in the region,in association with the East Asia-Pacific (EAP) teleconnection pattern.A negative relationship is found between the East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) and precipitation extremes over the mid-lower reaches of the Yangtze River.In contrast,light rainfall processes are independent from the SST and EASM variations. 相似文献
15.
基于昌吉地区7个气象站1961－2020年降水量资料，计算昌吉地区作物生长季标准化降水指数（SPI-7）。运用趋势分析法、M-K突变检验法和小波分析法探究了昌吉地区作物生长季SPI-7指数的年际和年代变化特征；在此基础上分析了作物生长季干旱的站次比和干旱强度的年际变化,并结合该区实际发生的旱灾对SPI进行了验证。结果表明：1961—2020年昌吉地区作物生长季标准化降水指数以0.08/10 a的速率呈微弱的正趋势（变湿），在年代变化趋势中呈现出变干-变湿-变干的变化波动, 1981年标准化降水指数由低到高突变；干旱强度呈增加趋势，干旱发生的区域面积有轻微减少的趋势；干旱强度在全区范围内主要为轻旱和中旱等级，并表现为全域性干旱和区域性干旱；空间分布上看干旱率最高区域在东部地区，轻旱主要集中在东部，中旱、重旱和特旱集中在西部地区，干旱强度大的区域大致分布在西部地区；在周期性变化方面，SPI指数存在着6年、9年、16年周期震荡；历史旱灾与SPI指数干旱评价结果吻合率较高，SPI指数在昌吉地区作物生长季的干旱监测与分析中具有较好的实用性。 相似文献
16.
斯堪的纳维亚遥相关对我国西南西部深秋降水的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
使用中国台站降水数据和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分析了1961~2012年深秋斯堪的纳维亚遥相类型(SCA)与同期我国西南西部降水的关系,以及SCA型环流异常影响西南西部降水的具体物理过程。结果表明:SCA型遥相关与西南西部降水存在显著的负相关关系,且具有非对称性:SCA正位相时西南西部降水偏少,而SCA负位相与西南西部降水的关系不显著。SCA正位相年西南西部的降水偏少与该地区对流层中下层的异常下沉运动有关。垂直运动方程诊断结果表明该异常下沉运动主要是由冷平流异常维持。气候态风场对温度异常场的平流在西南西部的冷平流异常中起主要作用。SCA正位相时,西南西部地区的东侧有暖异常,而其西侧的印度半岛北部及伊朗高原地区为冷异常,在平均西风作用下,西南西部有冷平流异常,造成该地区的异常下沉运动,从而降水偏少。 相似文献
17.
中国东南部4～5月年代际干旱的南移特征及潜热影响的数值模拟 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用1958～2000年旬平均中国560站地面观测资料和ERA－40再分析资料, 分析了东亚气候在4～5月的年代际变化特征。发现发生在1970年代末的中国东南部干旱出现于4月中旬至5月中旬, 干旱带随季节推进逐渐向南移动。这种南移特征与对流层中上层年代际变冷中心的移动是一致的, 上层变冷中心所伴随的局地风场异常, 即异常下沉运动和对流层低层北风异常, 均显著存在于4月中旬至5月中旬, 且逐渐南移。中国东南部年代际干旱带在4~5月的南移从一定程度上意味着 4月黄淮流域降水异常对5月江南地区的降水多少具有一定的指示意义。由于干旱区位于上层变冷区的南侧, 意味着该地区向上输送的潜热通量减少能够使对流层大气进一步冷却, 这在一个变网格全球模式的敏感性试验中得到了验证, 能够部分地解释大气中的冷信号为何持续存在和南移。 相似文献
18.
This paper systematically evaluates the deviations that appear in the hindcasts of the East Asian summer precipitation (EASP) decadal change in the late 1990s in two global coupled models (BCC_CGCM and BCC_CSM). The possible causes for the deviations between the model hindcasts and observations are analyzed. The results show that the hindcasts of EASP by BCC_CGCM and BCC_CSM deviate from observations, with the anomaly correlation coefficient (ACC) being -0.01 and -0.09 for the two models, respectively. The SST anomalies in North and West Pacific and the SST index values predicted by the two models also deviate from the observations, indicating that inconsistent SST fields may be the key factor leading to the deviation in the prediction of the EASP decadal shift. Thus, a dynamic-analogue scheme is proposed to correct the precipitation hindcasts by using SSTs, where SST and EASP are highly correlated, to select historical analogue cases. Cross validations show that the average ACC of the temporal-latitude distribution of the EASP between the corrected hindcasts and observations is 0.18 for BCC_CGCM and 0.02 for BCC_CSM; both are much higher than the uncorrected hindcasts. Applying the dynamic-analogue correction scheme in both models successfully improves prediction of the EASP decadal change in the late 1990s. 相似文献
19.
Potential Correlation between the Decadal East Asian Summer Monsoon Variability and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation 
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下载免费PDF全文 YU Lei 《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,6(5):394-397
This study discusses the potential contribution of the Pacific decadal oscillation(PDO)to the weakening of the East Asian summer monsoon(EASM)and the evident correlation between the positive PDO and"Southern flood and Northern drought(SFND)"summer rainfall pattern over East China.The mechanism behind this contribution is also discussed. 相似文献
20.
长江中下游地区2011年冬春连旱及2013年夏季高温干旱环流特征及其与Rossby波活动的联系对比分析 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
利用1981—2013年NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料及OISST海温月资料,对长江中下游地区2011年冬春连旱及2013年夏季高温、干旱事件的形成机制进行对比分析。结果发现两次干旱事件:（1）均受偏强东亚季风影响,导致冷暖气流无法交汇于长江流域;（2）赤道太平洋海温距平均呈现“西正东负”,加强Walker环流的同时引发局地Hadley环流异常,致使长江流域上空长期受异常下沉气流控制;（3）均与大西洋的Rossby波有关:2011年冬春,受NAULEA遥相关型影响,Rossby波能量向东频散至亚欧大陆东部及太平洋地区堆积,使东亚大槽长期维持在120 °E附近,加强东亚冬季风;2013年夏季,受同为负位相的“silk road”及EAP遥相关型共同作用,源自北大西洋的Rossby波能量能够影响到东亚-太平洋地区,致使西太副高异常西伸,加强东亚夏季风。 相似文献