共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 121 毫秒
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面向全国2000多个台站，应用数值预报产品释用MOS技术制作温度、降水、相对湿度、风、云量及能见度等要素预报，并实现了预报业务运行。通过建立MOS预报系统，表明预报因子和预报对象的处理、建方程前的参数选择以及预报因子的选取都会影响要素预报的质量，需要做大量的细致工作。预报检验结果显示，降水预报尚未达到可用程度．温度和相对湿度的短期预报在大多数情况下是可用的或是可参考的，但还有待进一步改进。降水预报尚需在预报因子和充分运用多种探测信息方面加以改进。 相似文献
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应用数值天气分析预报产品，选择与宜宾各县温度、降水有较好相关的预报因子，利用模式输出统计(MOS)法，建立温度、降水的分县、客观预报方程，从而达到气温、降水预报的定点、定量的目标。 相似文献
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胡红兵 《高原山地气象研究》2004,24(2)
应用数值天气分析预报产品,选择与宜宾各县温度、降水有较好相关的预报因子,利用模式输出统计(MOS)法,建立温度、降水的分县、客观预报方程,从而达到气温、降水预报的定点、定量的目标. 相似文献
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通过T639模式预报产品在内蒙古地区降水量、2 m温度、相对湿度和10 m风向、风速及降水过程预报效果的适用性研究,得出以下结论,温度和相对湿度预报的准确率较风向、风速明显偏高,温度和相对湿度预报的误差系统偏小,风速预报误差偏大的概率较大;降水量的预报准确率随降水等级增加而递减,对小雨而言,模式漏报率小于空报率,多报降水的偏差和少报降水的偏差相近。在预报要素空间分布上,风向预报的偏差顺时针偏转,其夹角小于45°,温度预报偏差总体偏小,相对湿度预报偏差由西向东表现为“+、-、+、-”的分布特征;小雨和中雨落区预报偏大,暴雨落区预报偏小;贝加尔湖冷涡强度的预报偏强,西太平洋副热带高压的强度预报偏弱,影响范围偏西偏北。 相似文献
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湖北分县MOS预报系统建立与评分 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在T213L31数值模式产品释用基础上,设计计算并选用模式大气中分别与降水、地面气温和风场有天气学意义的线性化预报因子,采用Kalman滤波和相似-Kalman滤波,在湖北省及邻近范围,建立实时(逐日更新样本)多站点、多时次、多要素的统计MOS预报方程,做定点(分县)、定时(6小时分辨率)和定量降水与概率、地面气温和风场客观预报(MOS预报系统)."系统"经2005、2006年6-8月业务试验表明,各个MOS预报都具稳定性和具有一定的评分水平.从而表明,相似-Kalman滤波在一定程度上消去单纯Kalman滤波"预报滞后"效应,并实现用Kalman滤波或相似-Kalman滤波做定性、定量降水MOS预报,和做地面气温和风场MOS预报,且用了实时历史样本雨/晴预报准确率,当作有/无降水发生概率. 相似文献
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对1999年6～年6～9月利用MOS预报方法制作的湖北省常规要素预报结果进行了检验和分析。结果表明该方法对湖北省的降水、最高气温及最低气温等要素有一定的预报能力。同时针对温度和降水的预报误差形成原因作了分析,并对缩小误差提出了相应的改进措施。 相似文献
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冬季高海拔复杂地形下GRAPES Meso要素预报的检验评估 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用GRAPES(Globe/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System)对2010年温哥华奥运会6个场馆气温、相对湿度、风及降水量的预报结果,采用预报准确率、平均误差、平均绝对误差、Alpha Index、TS和ETS评分等统计量对其进行了较详细的评估。结果表明:GRAPESMeso预报相对湿度的准确率最高,且随预报时效的增加,其变化趋于稳定。起初模式对相对湿度的预报偏干,之后逐渐变为预报偏湿;气温预报偏低;风速预报偏大。逐日各要素预报检验结果表明,气温的变化幅度最小;各级降水检验发现,晴雨预报的TS评分最高,且随降水增大,ETS评分逐渐接近TS。与其他模式预报结果对比发现,GRAPES-Meso对复杂地形下要素预报还存在一定的不足。本研究还发现,模式存在一定的系统误差,若能有效订正其误差,将有助于改进模式预报。 相似文献
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本文基于WRF模式研究了2015年5月16～17日广东西南地区的一次暴雨过程的预报误差来源。首先比较了以NCEP_FNL为初始资料的WRF模式的模拟预报（记为WRF_FNL）和ECMWF（European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts）关于该次暴雨过程的确定性预报。结果表明,ECMWF具有较高的预报技巧,因此,认为ECMWF的模式和初始场都较为准确。进一步,以ECMWF的初值作为初始场,选用相同的物理参数化方案,再次用WRF模式进行预报（预报结果记为WRF_EC）。结果表明相对WRF_FNL,WRF_EC的预报结果有明显改善。这表明,初始场的改进对预报有较大的影响,初始误差是预报误差的重要来源。进一步,分析了初始误差的主要来源区域和来源变量。结果表明,南海北部湾至广西西南区域为本次暴雨预报初始误差的主要来源区域,而初始温度场和初始湿度场则为此次暴雨预报初始误差的主要来源变量。同时改进初始温度场和湿度场可以较大程度提高本次暴雨过程的预报技巧。 相似文献
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基于ARPS模式和随机物理过程参数化扰动（stochastically perturbed parameterization）方法,通过10个2018年6—7月间的降水个例,讨论了针对BMJ积云降水参数化方案下不同参数化扰动方式对降水预报的影响。扰动方式包括扰动BMJ方案的温湿倾向和扰动BMJ方案的温湿参考廓线。试验的结果表明BMJ方案在华东区域的降水预报中存在湿偏差,即预报的降水事件多于相应的观测事件。这一偏差在系统性增加参考廓线湿度后仍然存在。BMJ方案对不同扰动方式的响应存在较大差异。扰动BMJ方案的温湿倾向对降水预报的影响较小,且集合离散度低。扰动BMJ方案的温湿参考廓线对降水预报影响显著,能够大幅增加集合离散度,其中对称的BMJ参考廓线扰动对预报技巧评分改进有限,原因是小雨的湿偏差有所增加,而非对称的BMJ参考廓线扰动（扰动均值大于1.0）能够有效提高预报技巧评分并降低湿偏差。此外,非对称扰动大幅改善了BMJ降水预报初期（0～3 h）的空间分布形态,并且改进了夜间降水预报的强度。非对称扰动评分较高的原因是减少了原BMJ方案在降水预报初期的的大范围虚假预报,避免了大气湿度的大范围下降,保障了预报后期的强降水预报能力。而BMJ方案温湿倾向量级较小则是造成倾向扰动方法效果不明显的重要原因。 相似文献
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The results from two projects aimed at improving precipitation products for the Norwegian Road Authorities are presented and compared in this paper: A precipitation forecast with water phase type (rain, sleet, snow) from the HIRLAM weather prediction model, and a precipitation type estimate based on synoptic observations and weather radar data. Operational forecasts of water phase type from HIRLAM are biased towards predicting too many cases with snow. This is caused by the mainly positive difference between model terrain and real topography. It is shown that additional calculations of snow melting based on temperature and humidity in the lowest model level reduce this error. The second product presented here is a precipitation type estimate based on synoptic observations and weather radar data. Synoptic observations of 2 m-temperature and dew point temperature at 3 h temporal resolution are used to estimate the water phase of precipitation at ground level. The dew point temperature is converted to relative humidity. Temperature and relative humidity are interpolated in space using a digital elevation model after deriving local vertical gradients of the two variables. The water phase is estimated and merged with the actual radar precipitation estimate every 15 min. The result is a high resolution image showing the intensity and the water phase of precipitation. A comparison to observed water phase types at the synoptic stations for the winter season 2002/2003 shows that the percentage correct is 86%. The Probability of Detection is 0.84 for rain and 0.97 for snow. For January 2002, the observed, estimated, and forecasted water phase types are compared at an independent set of precipitation stations in Southern Norway. The results confirm the good quality of the precipitation type estimate and show that the adjustment of HIRLAM water phase type to real topography improves the forecast in cases with observed rain. 相似文献
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Abstract A static decision‐analytic method is used to investigate the economic value of bivariate ‐ precipitation and temperature ‐ seasonal forecasts of the form currently issued by the U.S. National Weather Service. This method is applied to a corn versus spring wheat choice‐of‐crop decision‐making problem by considering a transect of four counties across the northwestern margin of the North American corn belt. Numerical results indicate that seasonal forecasts of current quality can be of appreciable value (≥$1/ha) for some locations when the optimal action chosen on the basis of climatological information is only marginally preferred to another action. Increases in forecast value follow from hypothetical increases in the quality of both the precipitation and temperature components of the forecasts in the spring wheat region, whereas forecast value increases primarily as a function of the quality of the precipitation forecasts alone in the corn belt region. The results are very sensitive to absolute and relative crop prices. 相似文献
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A large number of observational analyses have shown that lightning data can be used to indicate areas of deep convection. It is important to assimilate observed lightning data into numerical models, so that more small-scale information can be incorporated to improve the quality of the initial condition and the subsequent forecasts. In this study, the empirical relationship between flash rate, water vapor mixing ratio, and graupel mixing ratio was used to adjust the model relative humidity, which was then assimilated by using the three-dimensional variational data assimilation system of the Weather Research and Forecasting model in cycling mode at 10-min intervals. To find the appropriate assimilation time-window length that yielded significant improvement in both the initial conditions and subsequent forecasts, four experiments with different assimilation time-window lengths were conducted for a squall line case that occurred on 10 July 2007 in North China. It was found that 60 min was the appropriate assimilation time-window length for this case, and longer assimilation window length was unnecessary since no further improvement was present. Forecasts of 1-h accumulated precipitation during the assimilation period and the subsequent 3-h accumulated precipitation were significantly improved compared with the control experiment without lightning data assimilation. The simulated reflectivity was optimal after 30 min of the forecast, it remained optimal during the following 42 min, and the positive effect from lightning data assimilation began to diminish after 72 min of the forecast. Overall, the improvement from lightning data assimilation can be maintained for about 3 h. 相似文献
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GRAPES-MESO模式浅对流参数化的改进与试验 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
参考Berg 等2005、2013年提出的扰动对流触发函数方法,对GRAPES-Meso模式积云对流参数化方案(KF eta)中的浅对流激发进行改进设计和试验,将单一的温、湿度触发改为对近地层进行一组温度、湿度扰动后的触发,并且用与该组扰动相关的边界层温、湿度分布确定的联合概率密度函数(JPDF)来表征浅对流云的特征参量及计算浅对流的强度。 着重分析了改进方案的浅对流激发、浅对流对环境场的反馈、模式地面降水和2 m气温的相关响应等,并与原方案和相关观测比较,验证了改进方案的合理性。 结果显示,改进方案比原方案能较早地激发出浅对流,且浅对流的激发频次高,浅对流激发的增加致使在模式低层距地数百米至2—3 km的垂直层内对环境温、湿度场和云雨水反馈增大,对GRAPES-Meso浅对流激发偏弱有改进作用,并对格点尺度与次网格尺度降水分配比不协调有改进。 对连续两个月批量试验的检验表明,浅对流激发的改进,可对GRAPES-Meso的24 h降水预报技巧的提高和2 m气温偏差的减小等产生不同程度的正影响。 相似文献
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本文首先分析了１９７９年６—７月的ＦＧＧＥIIIｂ级资料风场和相对湿度场在青藏高原地区的偏差，指出在高原西部应予以订正。然后利用一有限区域模式，通过综合订正初始风场和相对湿度场，改进模式部分物理过程，并提高其水平分辨率，共设计了６组预报试验，对该年的两例高原低涡切变线降水过程进行了２４小时预报。结果表明，利用改进了的初始场和部分物理过程，可明显改善高原地区的降水预报，并在一定程度上改善了流场的预报，即上述改进方案是可行的；但在高原地区嵌套预报方案尚待修改，还应继续努力提高模式对高原低涡流场的预报能力。 相似文献