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1.
中国近530年干湿变化及其持续性特征研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用中国530年旱涝指数序列,并将其划分为华北和西北东部地区(Ⅰ区)、长江流域地区(Ⅱ区)以及中南和东南沿海地区(Ⅲ区)3个区域.应用功率谱、滤波方法、BG算法等研究旱涝指数序列各相对平稳均值段之间的干湿转化特征.结果表明,近130年的干旱时段和历史上的干早或偏旱时段相比,Ⅰ区干湿转化频率有所加快;Ⅱ区于湿转化频率没有太大变化;Ⅲ区干湿转化频率有所降低.并且重大干湿转折时期大多对应突变点比较集中,即这一时期气候态不稳定,容易发生突变或符种极端气候事件.结合小波系数的周期分析结果发现,Ⅰ区从1920年左右开始的干旱,在经历了20世纪70年代末以来的严重干旱以后,有可能在21世纪再持续50到70年,其后再一次发生由干旱向湿润的转型;Ⅱ区则有可能在接下来的几十年中持续湿润期相对集中的情况.此外,Ⅰ-Ⅲ区干湿变化的特征与北半球的气候变化有一定的对应关系;Ⅰ区的干湿变化与当地温度变化具有较好的止相关;Ⅱ区和Ⅲ区干湿变化与温度变化的联系较Ⅰ区差一些;太平洋年代际涛动可能对3个区域的干湿转化均有不同程度的影响.在此基础上,定义旱(涝)尺度因子,可以定量描述旱涝持续性的区域特征;滑动计算旱(涝)尺度因子,可以检测哪一时段对应有旱涝群发性事件及重大干湿期的转折. 相似文献
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中国东部531 a夏季旱涝型的划分 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选取中国东部38站531a（1470—2000年）旱涝等级资料,利用EOF展开得到3种基本旱涝型：黄河、长江流域一致型（Ⅰ型）,黄河、长江流域相反型（Ⅱ型）,黄河、江淮、华南旱涝相间型（Ⅲ型）,进而根据各型正负位相给出了6种主要旱涝型的定义。鉴于单个指标存在难以准确刻画旱涝分布的局限性,采用3种指标相结合的方法,依据最突出特征原则对逐年旱涝分布进行定型,从而得到了新的中国东部夏季旱涝型年表。将6种中国东部夏季旱涝型的年代频次变化与EOF分析的时间系数进行比较,二者变化的一致性在一定程度上验证分型结果基本合理。 相似文献
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利用1960 2007年4—8月逐日降水资料挑选了淮河流域各分区旱涝急转事件,分析了旱涝急转夏季,逐日降水的低频振荡特征。结果表明,旱涝急转夏季逐日降水30 60 d周期振荡明显加强,流域大部分地区30—60 d低频振荡的方差贡献与夏季降水量呈正相关,低频方差贡献大(小)对应夏季降水量多(少),并且,相关显著区域位于流域南部。欧亚中高纬度高度场、经向风场的低频位相在少雨、多雨期呈相反纬向分布是造成旱涝急转的环流成因。通过对典型年份分析,给出了低频分布型的形成过程。在少雨期,北半球中高纬度扰动场为4—5波列,从东北大西洋经欧洲和贝加尔湖至东亚太平洋沿岸为"+、-、+、-",与低频位相分布一致。在多雨期,副极地波导从欧洲北部沿急流流向亚洲高纬度地区,并在鄂霍次克海形成强盛的正扰动中心,有利于鄂霍次克海阻塞形势的形成与维持。当中纬度中亚为负扰动中心,印度季风偏弱时,由于下游效应在日本海形成负扰动,导致副热带高压位置偏南。在低纬度孟加拉湾到中国南海对流层高层为负扰动时,中国南海对流活动偏弱。少雨、多雨期的欧亚中高纬度纬向低频环流型实际上反映了副极地、副热带急流罗斯贝波导结构及其传播的异常。 相似文献
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中国东部夏季不同雨带类型的海洋和环流特征差异 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
利用1951-2009年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、UKMO HADISST1全球月海表温度及中国东部地区120站的月降水量资料,首先定义出能够客观表征中国东部夏季3种雨带类型的指数,然后分析了3种雨带分布类型海洋和大气环流特征的主要差异,并进一步分析了前期海洋背景的差异特征对夏季东亚环流关键系统的预测蕴示.结果表明:(1)3种雨带类型对应的前期冬季海洋信号比当年夏季强,其差异主要表现在:多雨带出现在北方地区的Ⅰ型对应的是北太平洋海温呈显著的正距平、暖池及东澳暖流为负距平、南太平洋西风漂流区为正距平;多雨带出现在黄淮地区的Ⅱ型对应的海温分布则与Ⅰ型完全相反;多雨带出现在长江及其以南地区的Ⅲ型对应的海温分布在北太平洋海域与Ⅰ型基本一致;(2)3种雨带类型对应的环流及水汽输送特征的差异主要表现在:Ⅲ型与Ⅰ型具有几乎完全相反的环流及水汽输送特征,当出现Ⅲ型时,东亚中高纬度有强盛的阻塞形势发展和维持,中高纬度的经向环流异常加强,同时西太平洋副热带高压偏强,位置偏西、偏南,该地区呈反气旋性距平环流,西太平洋副热带纬向水汽输送加强,而出现Ⅰ型时则相反;Ⅱ型与Ⅰ型的环流及水汽输送特征更接近,两者的主要差异是:当出现Ⅱ型时,西太平洋副热带地区呈反气旋性距平环流,而出现Ⅰ型时该地区呈气旋性距平环流;(3)前期冬季赤道中东太平洋海温和南太平洋西风漂流区的海温异常变化可以作为夏季西太平洋副热带高压预报的重要前兆信号. 相似文献
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利用1958—2012年海河流域30个气象站月降水资料、NCEP/NCAR月平均再分析资料及1974—2012年月平均向外长波辐射资料,分析了海河流域盛汛期旱涝急转事件及其与大气环流异常的关系。结果表明,南亚高压和西太平洋副高在盛汛期的月际振荡是海河流域旱涝急转形成的一个重要原因。涝转旱年及旱转涝年涝期对应于"西低东高"的流型(海河流域上游为低槽区,下游为高压区),冷暖空气活跃且易于较长时间在流域交绥,低层水汽输送较强且有正涡度异常,高层辐散和上升运动偏强,流域多雨偏涝;旱期则对应于"西高东低"的流型,西风带环流较为平直,低层有负涡度异常且水汽输送偏弱,高层辐散和上升运动偏弱,海河流域因而少雨偏旱。海河流域旱急转涝(涝急转旱)事件易发生在南亚夏季风偏弱(强)的背景下。海河流域盛汛期旱涝急转与初汛期流域上空气压场强度以及北太平洋涛动(NPO)、南半球环状模(SAM)存在显著的正相关,上述因子可能是旱涝急转事件的前期信号。 相似文献
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云南高原昆明市旱涝急转特征及其城市化响应研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于昆明市1965-2016年逐日降水资料,计算昆明市汛期(5-10月)的长周期旱涝急转指数、短周期旱涝急转指数和旱涝急转强度,采用小波分析、M-K突变检验、灰色关联度等方法,分析了昆明市的旱涝急转特征及其与城市化的相关性。结果表明:在1965-2016年,昆明市长周期旱涝急转指数LDFAI(Long-term drought-flood abrupt alternations index)呈-0.066·(10a)-1的下降趋势,反映出昆明市的旱转涝事件减少、涝转旱事件增多的状况,并且昆明市汛期长周期旱涝急转指数LDFAI序列出现2个突变点,但突变并不明显;昆明市长周期旱涝急转指数存在18年的主周期变化;从短周期旱涝急转指数SDFAI(Short-term drought-flood abrupt alternations index)来看,昆明市5-7月和8-9月旱转涝事件增多、涝转旱事件减少,而7-8月和9-10月表现出相反的趋势;从旱涝急转与城市化的相关性来看,在分辨率为0.5时,城市化指标的6个因子对旱涝急转产生不同程度的影响,所有指标关联度都在0.6以上,表明城市化指标与旱涝急转显著关联,与旱涝急转强度关联度最大是烟粉尘排放量,最小的是非农业经济总产值,关联度分别为0.91和0.63。 相似文献
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1991年汛期我国旱涝的分布(江淮多雨、华北及江南少雨)与近五百年旱涝等级图 EOF展开的第三特征向量一致。通过对旱涝第三特征向量时间系数(1991年旱涝型指数)的分析,发现1991年旱涝型指数具有37年左右的布吕克纳周期,且与南方涛动指数的36.7年周期有关。还发现1991年旱涝型指数与全球温度的相关系数为0.41(P>0.001),与北太平洋海面温度场的相关分布则相似于厄尔尼诺时期海面温度距平场的分布,即在赤道东太平洋为正相关,在西风漂流区为负相关。因此1991年的旱涝分布,可能与旱涝型自身长期变化所处的阶段、全球气候的增暖、特别是与1991年处于 ENSO 事件的增强位相等气候背景有关。 相似文献
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利用1961—2015年广东86站3—5月逐日降水资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料及NOAA的Hysplit后向轨迹模式资料和海温资料,分析了2015年广东开汛前后旱涝异常特征,旱涝急转前后的大气环流和水汽条件转变及成因。(1) 2015年5月第1候广东发生了严重的旱涝急转事件,旱涝急转前全省严重干旱,旱涝急转后广东大部地区降水异常偏多。(2) 旱涝急转前后,500 hPa中高纬度由“两槽两脊”转为“两脊一槽”和“两槽一脊”,副高持续加强,广东地区高层辐散和低层辐合加强,地面由冷空气控制广东转为冷暖空气在广东交汇;水汽输送通道由北部湾和长江中下游地区转为南海南部和中南半岛南部海面,广东低层水汽净流入增加。 (3) 黑潮区、北太平洋中部、Ni?o3、Ni?o4区及印度洋和南海的海温异常增暖造成了旱涝急转前后大气环流和水汽的转变。 相似文献
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利用1961—2015年广东86站3—5月逐日降水资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料及NOAA的Hysplit后向轨迹模式资料和海温资料, 分析了2015年广东开汛前后旱涝异常特征, 旱涝急转前后的大气环流和水汽条件转变及成因。(1) 2015年5月第1候广东发生了严重的旱涝急转事件, 旱涝急转前全省严重干旱, 旱涝急转后广东大部地区降水异常偏多。(2)旱涝急转前后, 500 hPa中高纬度由“两槽两脊”转为“两脊一槽”和“两槽一脊”, 副高持续加强, 广东地区高层辐散和低层辐合加强, 地面由冷空气控制广东转为冷暖空气在广东交汇; 水汽输送通道由北部湾和长江中下游地区转为南海南部和中南半岛南部海面, 广东低层水汽净流入增加。(3)黑潮区、北太平洋中部、Ni?o3、Ni?o4区及印度洋和南海的海温异常增暖造成了旱涝急转前后大气环流和水汽的转变。 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献