共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
“三江源”气候变化及其对湿地影响的研究综述 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
三江源地区位于我国青藏高原腹地,该地区的湿地分布和生态环境变化受到长期的气候变化的深刻影响。有关研究结果表明,近40年来,三江源地区平均气温呈上升趋势,同时降水量逐年减少,冰川、雪山逐年萎缩,直接影响“三江源”地区的湖泊和湿地的水源补给,出现了草场退化、湖泊萎缩、河流流量减少、土壤沙化和水土流失等生态环境问题。在综述三江源地区近几十年来气候变化、湿地变化及其相互影响的研究成果的基础上,提出气候变化对三江源地区湿地影响定量化研究的主要思路和技术建议。 相似文献
2.
万里长江,险在荆江。长江荆江段九曲回环,流域内河网密布、湖泊纵横,孕育出了典型的江汉平原沿江湿地生态环境。洪湖,是我国第七大淡水湖,湖北省第一大湖,“国际重要湿地”;天鹅洲麋鹿、白鳍豚国家级自然保护区,守护着两种国家一级保护动物;此外,“稻虾共生”、“双水双绿”、生态立体农业等湿地生态绿色农业发展模式均缘起江汉平原。江汉平原沿江丰富的湿地资源在发展农业、调节气候、涵养水源、净化水质、美化环境、维持生物多样性等方面发挥了极为重要作用,然而,随着气候变化和人类活动的影响,沿江湿地生态环境破坏与退化风险也突显出来,直接威胁长江流域生态安全,因此,迫切需要加强沿江湿地生态保护修复气象服务工作,助力长江大保护。荆州市气象局依托荆州农业气象试验站,长期关注湿地生态保护与湿地农业发展气象服务,近年来,通过开放合作、融合发展,与中国农业科学院、北京大学、浙江大学、武汉大学、中科院测量与地球物理研究所等单位联合开展湿地生态与农业气象服务关键技术研究,重点围绕气候变化对湿地生态与农业影响评估、生态功能修复气象评价、平湖湿地涝渍地开发、农业面源污染气象风险监测预报、稻田综合种养模式气象保障、湿地生态环境遥感监测评估、湿地生物多样性保护气象服务等方面进行了有益探索,取得了丰富的实践成果,发挥了气象职能作用。本期的主题为长江生态气象,主要汇总了荆州市气象局牵头成立的“江汉平原生态气象遥感监测技术协调创新中心”各成员单位在湿地生态与农业气象服务等方面最新研究成果,既有区域代表性,又可作为长江中下游地区乃至全国湿地生态保护气象服务工作的参考,服务“共抓长江大保护,不搞大开发,实现高质量发展”的战略部署。 相似文献
3.
4.
5.
阐述了黄河三角洲湿地的形成历史和条件,分析其资源状况,根据气候变化趋势预测提出湿地生态环境保护措施,为研究和保护黄河三角洲湿地提供参考。 相似文献
6.
若尔盖气候变化及其对湿地退化的影响 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
若尔盖高原沼泽湿地地处黄河上游,属江河源区,其生态作用对黄河的安危有直接影响,近年来退化严重。本文利用若尔盖高原湿地周边4个气象站1971—2000年逐月平均气温和降水量资料,分析了年和四季的气候特征及气候变化趋势,并对气候突变进行了检验。结果表明:近30年来若尔盖湿地表现出气温升高、降水量减少、蒸发量增大的暖干化趋势,并且在20世纪90年代后期变化趋势更加明显。这种气候变化趋势使得若尔盖高原湿地的地表水资源减少,湿地萎缩,加速了草地退化和沙化。在气候暖干化的背景下,人类活动又加剧了若尔盖高原沼泽湿地萎缩及退化趋势。 相似文献
7.
8.
气侯变化对人体健康影响的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从高温热浪、极端气候事件、空气污染、海平面上升等角度综述了气候变化对人类健康的影响,就气候变化对媒介传播性、水源性、食源性、呼吸道传染病以及部分慢性非传染病的影响进行了阐述,并提出了该领域亟待解决的科学问题和研究重点,包括法律体系的建立、机理的研究、疾病负担的测量以及成本效益分析等. 相似文献
9.
10.
11.
We assessed the potential effects of a greenhouse gas-induced global climate change on the hydrology and vegetation of a semi-permanent prairie wetland using a spatially-defined, rule-based simulation model. An 11-yr simulation was run using current versus enhanced greenhouse gas climates. Projections of climatic change were from the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) general circulation model. Simulations were also run using a range of temperature (+2 and +4 °C) and precipitation change values (–20, –10, 0, +10, +20%) to determine the responsiveness of wetland vegetation and hydrology to a variety of climate scenarios.Maximum water depths were significantly less under the enhanced greenhouse gas scenario than under the current climate. The wetland dried in most years with increased temperature and changes in precipitation. Simulations also revealed a significant change in the vegetation, from a nearly balanced emergent cover to open water ratio to a completely closed basin with no open water areas. Simulations over a range of climate change scenarios showed that precipitation changes (particularly increases) had a greater impact on water levels and cover ratios when the temperature increase was moderate (+2 °C).These potential changes in wetland hydrology and vegetation could result in a dramatic decline in the quality of habitat for breeding birds, particularly waterfowl. Continued research on climate and wetland modeling is needed. 相似文献
12.
Wetland regions are important components of the local climate, with their own characteristic surface energy and moisture
budgets. Realistic representation of wetlands, including the important vegetation component, may therefore be necessary for
more accurate simulations of climate and climate change. However, many land-atmosphere coupled models either ignore wetlands
or treat wetlands as bare, water-saturated soil, neglecting the vegetation present within wetland environments. This study
investigates the possible response of the mid-Holocene climate of North Africa to changes in orbital forcing, both with and
without the presence of wetlands. The location of these wetlands is guided by analysis of paleovegetation and wetland distribution.
In this study, the wetland regime in the land surface component of a climate model was modified to incorporate vegetation.
Field measurements have shown that vegetation affects water loss associated with evaporation (including transpiration) within
a wetland area. Comparisons between non-vegetated wetland and vegetated wetland revealed an increase in local albedo that
produced an associated decrease in net radiation, evaporation and precipitation in the vicinity of the wetlands regions. Based
on an analysis of the model surface water balance, the calculated area of mid-Holocene wetland coverage for North Africa closely
matches the observed. For the North African region as a whole, the effects of adding vegetation to the wetland produced relatively
small changes in climate, but local recycling of water may have served to help maintain paleo wetland communities.
Received: 16 March 1999 / Accepted: 17 May 2000 相似文献
13.
利用1961—2005年呼伦湖湿地的气象及水文资料,基于灰色关联度分析、Mann-Kendall检验及小波分析、回归统计等方法,分析了湿地消长对气象水文因子变化的响应特征。结果表明:年与夏季气候在湿地消长中起主导作用。区域年降水量每增加10 mm,年降水量的直接作用是使湿地水域面积和水位深度分别增加2.6 km2和1.6 cm;年径流量每增加1×108 m3,湿地水域面积和水位深度分别增加4.8 km2和3.0 cm。45年来,湿地消长对影响因子连续变化过程的响应特征具有一致性,特别在20世纪90年代后响应更显著,湿地萎缩加快;气温与降水量变化在湿地水域面积、水位深度消长中的贡献率分别为33.1%与66.9%,22.5%与77.5%,降水量变化起主导作用。湿地消长对影响因子的多时间尺度周期性具有很好的响应。在27年的年代际尺度主周期与11~16年次周期、2~10年年际尺度准周期的叠加作用下,45年来,湿地消长出现了2次减少、1次增加的周期过程,并呈现短周期波动特征。 相似文献
14.
Prediction of the effects of external influences such as climate change on wetland systems requires the prediction of hydrologic effects. Because wetland soils are typically heterogeneous, it is particularly important to understand the extent and connectedness of hydraulically conductive soil units, since water flow may be concentrated in such units while bypassing others of lower conductivity. However, subsurface hydrologic models typically do not represent heterogeneity adequately, being limited by sparse parameterization of soil properties. Conventional techniques for mapping units of soil within wetlands are highly laborious, requiring soil coring and laboratory testing. As an alternative, we developed a portable piezocone driver and highly sensitive piezocone designed to map wetland soil units with centimeter-scale resolution in the vertical and meter-scale resolution in the horizontal dimension. This system successfully delineated several different layers of peat, sand, and limnetic sediments, and their degree of interconnectedness in an eight-meter-thick peat deposit. Monitoring of wetland response to precipitation, changes in stream stage, and overbank flooding was then used in conjunction with the piezocone data and a two-dimensional flow model to constrain the hydraulic properties of the soil units. Thus parameterized, a standard subsurface flow model was able to realistically simulate a variety of hydrologic processes relevant to climate change, including wetland-stream water exchange, the movement of wetland porewaters to the root zone of plants, and wetland desaturation under dry conditions. 相似文献
15.
Adaptation of agriculture to climate change 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
Norman J. Rosenberg 《Climatic change》1992,21(4):385-405
Preparing agriculture for adaptation to climate change requires advance knowledge of how climate will change and when. The direct physical and biological impacts on plants and animals must be understood. The indirect impacts on agriculture's resource base of soils, water and genetic resources must also be known. We lack such information now and will, likely, for some time to come. Thus impact assessments for agriculture can only be conjectural at this time. How-ever, guidance can be gotten from an improved understanding of current climatic vulnerabilities of agriculture and its resource base, from application of a realistic range of climate change scenarios to impact assessment, and from consideration of the complexity of current agricultural systems and the range of adaptation techniques and policies now available and likely to be available in the future. 相似文献
16.
气候变化背景下水资源脆弱性研究与展望 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
论述了气候变化背景下水资源脆弱性概念、内涵及其与适应性管理的联系;综述了水资源脆弱性定量评估方法,包括指标权重法、函数及综合指标法等;介绍了减少水资源脆弱性的适应对策研究。分析表明,联系水资源供需矛盾的水资源脆弱性既有自然变化脆弱性的一面,又有气候变化影响导致水资源供需关系发生变化以及旱涝灾害影响加剧水资源脆弱性的问题。关键是要识别影响水资源脆弱性变化的主要调控变量,通过应对气候变化的适应性对策研究,最大限度地减少水资源脆弱性。未来气候变化背景下水资源脆弱性研究,将在进一步发展脆弱性影响与评估基础上,逐步转到适应性水资源管理与对策的研究。 相似文献
17.
Global warming may profoundly affect temporal and spatial distributions of surface water availability. While climate modelers cannot yet predict regional hydrologic changes with confidence, it is appropriate to begin examining the likely effects of water allocation institutions on society's adaptability to prospective climate change. Such institutions include basic systems of water law, specific statutes, systems of administration and enforcement, and social norms regarding acceptable water-use practices. Both climate and the changing nature of demands on the resource have affected the development and evolution of water allocation institutions in the United States. Water laws and administrative arrangements, for example, have adapted to changing circumstances, but the process of adaptation can be costly and subject to conflict. Analysis of past and ongoing institutional change is used to identify factors that may have a bearing on the costliness of adaptation to the uncertain impacts of global warming on water availability and water demands. Several elements are identified that should be incorporated in the design of future water policies to reduce the potential for disputes and resource degradation that might otherwise result if climate change alters regional hydrology. 相似文献
18.
Linda D. Mortsch 《Climatic change》1998,40(2):391-416
Great Lakes shoreline wetlands are adapted to a variable water supply. They require the disturbance of water level fluctuations to maintain their productivity. However, the magnitude and rate of climate change could alter the hydrology of the Great Lakes and affect wetland ecosystems. Wetlands would have to adjust to a new pattern of water level fluctuations; the timing, duration, and range of these fluctuations are critical to the wetland ecosystem response. Two "what if" scenarios: (1) an increased frequency and duration of low water levels and (2) a changed temporal distribution and amplitude of seasonal water levels were developed to assess the sensitivity of shoreline wetlands to climate change. Wetland functions and values such as wildlife, waterfowl and fish habitat, water quality, areal extent, and vegetation diversity are affected by these scenarios. Key wetlands are at risk, particularly those that are impeded from adapting to the new water level conditions by man-made structures or geomorphic conditions. Wetland remediation, protection and enhancement policies and programs must consider climate change as an additional stressor of wetlands. 相似文献
19.
Geoffrey Wall 《Climatic change》1998,40(2):371-389
Tourism and recreation are important economic activities which are major agents of change globally and, more specifically, in wetland areas. There is a regular round of activities associated with the seasons and anything which influences operating seasons is likely to have substantial consequences for tourism businesses Atmospheric conditions influence both whether or not people will participate as well as the quality of the experience. In marine coasts, wetland recreations may be threatened by rising sea levels but recreation in inland water bodies may be affected more by deficiencies rather than superabundance of water. Marinas and recreational boating are harmed by extremes of both high and low water, particularly the latter which is the most likely situation under global climate change. Two main groups can be considered with respect to the potential to adapt to climate change. These are the participants themselves and the businesses which cater to them. It is argued that the former are likely to be much more adaptable than the latter. 相似文献