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本文利用最新发布的RHtest软件包中的惩罚最大T检验(PMT)方法并结合各个台站的历史沿革信息对重庆地区所属的34个气象观测台站从建站到2010年的月降水序列进行了均一性检测,并用RHtest软件包中的惩罚最大F检验(PMFT)方法对其进行了验证,结果表明该方法能很好的应用于月降水序列的均一性检验,在被检测的34个台站中,仅3个台站被检测出了间断点,表明重庆大部分台站降水资料均一性情况良好,台站远距离迁移是引起月降水序列非均一性的主要原因。对检验出存在断点的降水序列采用最新发布的RHtest软件包提供的均值订正方法进行了订正,并对订正前后的降水序列进行气候趋势分析,分析发现,订正前后降水序列的年变化趋势具有明显的改变。 相似文献
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中国降水量序列均一性分析方法及数据集更新完善 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基于中国气象局国家气象信息中心2012年发布的《中国国家级地面气象站基本气象要素日值数据集(V3.0)》,选取一定空间范围内相关性、数据完整性均较好的邻近站降水资料,构建参考序列,结合标准正态检验和台站历史沿革信息对我国2342个台站年、月降水资料进行均一性检验。采用相关系数权重平均方法和一阶差分方法相结合得到参考序列,以降低因计算方法和邻近站序列长度不一致等引起的参考序列不确定性。最终结果显示:98个台站降水序列存在断点,仅占总站数的4.2%。采用比值法订正上述非均一性的降水序列,订正后的序列在一定程度上消除了人为因素的干扰,部分台站降水量变化趋势(1 960—2009年)异常的问题得到改善。 相似文献
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当前的地面气候观测资料普遍存在非气候性因素导致的非均一性,对气候变化监测和研究结论可靠性造成重要影响。结合观测台站的历史沿革数据,使用ACMANT和Pairwise Comparisons方法以及RHtest V4软件,对北京地区20个台站均一化前的月平均气温序列进行了非均一性检验和订正,最后评估了均一化对北京地区气温序列变化趋势及其城市化偏差估算的影响。结果表明：除元数据中记录的断点外,无元数据记录的断点也会对序列的趋势变化造成明显影响,其中乡村站最显著;经过订正,1958—2018年整个北京地区、乡村站以及城市站增温趋势分别为0.27℃/(10 a)、0.10℃/(10 a)和0.32℃/(10 a),较订正前分别上升了0.03℃/(10 a)、0.06℃/(10 a)和0.02℃/(10 a)。利用均一化资料估算,1958—2018年北京观象台的城市化影响为0.24℃/(10 a),城市化贡献率为70.2%,评估结果较前人结论有所降低。可见,在现有的北京地区气温资料序列中,仍可能存在较明显的非均一性和未被记录的断点,对区域平均气温趋势估算具有显著影响。 相似文献
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1979-2012年中国探空温度资料中非均一性问题的检验与分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用加拿大环境部气候研究中心研发的PMTred(penalized maximum t test)非均一性检验方法,以ERA-interim资料作为参考序列,以中国各探空台站详细的元数据信息为主要断点判断依据,对1979-2012年中国125个探空台站7个标准等压面月平均探空温度资料进行了非均一性检验、订正,并结合详细的元数据信息分析了造成中国探空温度序列非均一问题的主要原因。研究表明,中国探空温度资料中存在由于人为因素造成的断点,整套探空资料中非均一的台站数和断点数所占的百分比呈低层少、高层多的趋势。各标准等压面上月平均温度序列非均一的探空台站平均订正幅度也随着高度的升高而增大,并且订正量为负值在整套订正资料中所占的比例较高,说明中国的探空月平均温度原始观测资料存在系统性偏高的问题。订正后200 hPa的温度变化趋势接近0,以200 hPa为转折点,100 hPa的降温趋势较订正前明显减弱,100 hPa以下为升温趋势,300-700 hPa的增温趋势加强。1979-2012年中国探空月平均温度资料的非均一问题主要来源于2000-2001年探测系统的升级(包括辐射误差订正方法的变化),其次是2002年之后观测仪器的换型。这两次连续的元数据变化均造成了之后中国探空月平均温度出现了系统性的降低,这也是造成订正前后温度变化趋势存在差异的主要原因。 相似文献
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《气候变化研究进展》2015,(5)
使用RHtest均一化方法结合元数据信息对中国825个基准、基本站的地面气压月值数据进行均一性检验与订正,结果发现有400个站的气压数据均一,425个站存在系统误差。对于后者,使用静力模式订正可消除255个站的系统误差,另外170个站采用均值订正,均值订正的断点共245个。对气候趋势和个例的分析表明,上述方法对气压数据均一化订正效果明显。均一化之后站点气压长期趋势的空间一致性更好,中国东南沿海和西北部的新疆地区气压表现出下降趋势,中部地区主要表现出上升趋势。 相似文献
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中国地面相对湿度非均一性检验及订正 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
《气候变化研究进展》2015,(6)
利用加拿大环境部气候研究中心研发的PMTred和PMFT方法,选取均一的邻近站为参考站,使用相关系数权重平均构建参考序列,结合元数据信息,对1951—2014年中国2400多个国家级地面站月平均相对湿度进行了非均一性检验与订正,并分析了造成相对湿度序列非均一的主要原因。结果表明,中国地面相对湿度资料存在较严重的非均一问题,68%的台站存在断点,人工观测转自动观测、迁站和时次变化是造成序列非均一的主要原因。整套资料负订正量所占比例较高,订正范围主要集中在-5%~0之间,这种负订正量与人工转自动观测后相对湿度观测值偏低有密切关系。这也使得订正后中国平均相对湿度趋势与订正前存在明显差异,订正前中国平均相对湿度呈下降趋势,订正后相对湿度没有趋势性变化。 相似文献
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利用加拿大环境部气候研究中心研发的RHtest均一化检验方法,结合历史台站沿革信息对喀什站各标准等压面高空温度资料进行了均一性检验和分析。结果表明:850～300 hPa共6个层次的高空日温度观测资料序列完整性较好。08时100 hPa月平均温度的缺测率3%,完整性较差,20时100 hPa的完整性最差,缺测率高达11.44%,其他层次的完整性则较好。喀什站温度资料的非均一性主要是由于台站位置变动、观测仪器换型、观测规范变更和辐射误差订正方法的变化引起的。在订正过程中发现,为了保证订正序列的可信度,需要充分考虑到原始观测序列的缺测率。08时年温度序列的断点数量要明显多于20时,08时序列的订正率达到了85.71%,而20时仅有100 h Pa一条序列做了订正。 相似文献
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该文对1961—2002年我国长江三角洲地区36个地面观测站的年、月降水资料序列作均一性检验和订正试验, 以探讨我国年、月降水气候观测序列的均一化方法和思路。该文首先从与待检台站序列相关性较好、台站距离较近的台站中选取了若干站点作为待检台站的参考台站建立参考序列, 采用传统的标准正态检验 (SNHT) 方法, 对所研究的地区年降水的均一性进行了检验。检验结果显示, 该地区降水序列中存在非均一性现象。考虑到所选地区站点密度仍然不够, 文中还采用了一种不依赖于参考台站的思路, 对上述检验结果进行了进一步确认后, 最后对不连续序列进行了逐月订正调整。对比分析表明, 对序列的订正较为合理。在已有的研究基础上, 结合我国台站网络实际特点, 提出结合不同思路来研究我国降水量数据均一性是必要的和可行的, 应用该思路对于我国降水序列进行均一性研究具有一定的合理性和应用前景。 相似文献
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1979—2012年中国探空相对湿度资料的非均一性检验与订正 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
利用加拿大环境部气候研究中心研发的PMTred非均一性检验方法,以ERA interim资料作为参考序列,应用中国区域各探空台站详细的元数据信息为主要断点判断依据,对1979—2012年我国125个探空台站各标准等压面月平均探空相对湿度资料进行了非均一性检验和订正。并结合详细的元数据信息分析了造成我国探空相对湿度序列非均一问题形成的主要原因及对资料的影响程度。结果表明：仪器换型、探测系统资料整理计算方式变化以及辐射订正方法改变和探测系统升级等是造成这一时段中国区域月平均探空相对湿度资料不均一的主要原因。其中,2002年以后的L波段雷达 电子探空仪换型造成了相对湿度资料非常明显的不连续问题,这主要是由于早期59 701型探空仪穿云挂水,造成探测到的相对湿度资料明显偏湿。两个观测时次相对湿度序列不均一的台站数和断点数随高度的增加而增加。各标准等压面上月平均相对湿度序列不均一的探空台站平均订正幅度也随着高度的升高而增大,并且订正量为负值的比例在整套订正资料中所占的比例较高,说明我国的探空月平均相对湿度原始观测资料有明显高估的问题。1979—2012年以来,从全国的情况来看,订正前全国850~300 hPa 5个标准等压面全部为相对湿度降低趋势。但是订正后,850~300 hPa这5个标准等压面在1979—2012年相对湿度的变化趋势均不显著。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献