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国家级强对流天气分类预报检验分析 总被引：16，自引：7，他引：9
预报产品的客观检验是记录、考量各种预报业务质量,促进预报水平提高的重要手段,也是整个天气预报过程中的重要环节。本文采用"点对面"Threat Score(TS)、漏报率、空报率等客观指标首次对2010—2015年4—9月国家级强对流天气预报中雷暴、短时强降雨以及雷暴大风和冰雹等分类预报进行了检验。同时,本文也对强对流天气落区分类预报客观检验存在的问题以及未来发展进行了讨论。检验结果表明:过去6年间,6~24 h时效预报,雷暴TS评分为0.22~0.34,短时强降水为0.18~0.24,雷暴大风和冰雹为0.01~0.07;48、72 h时效预报、雷暴TS评分为0.30~0.40,强对流天气TS评分为0.16~0.23,除雷暴预报TS评分在2012—2013年有所回落外,其他类别的强对流天气预报总体上TS评分呈上升趋势,雷暴大风和冰雹预报评分明显低于其他两个类别。雷暴空报率是漏报率的2~3倍,短时强降水漏报率与空报率接近,雷暴大风和冰雹天气漏报率和空报率都在0.8以上。与美国风暴预报中心(SPC)2000—2010年定期发布的1 d对流展望产品检验结果比较,强天气预报中心雷暴和短时强降水落区预报TS评分较高,雷暴大风和冰雹评分较低。典型个例预报检验结果表明,系统性大范围的风雹天气可预报性较强,评分要显著高于平均预报水平;对于非过程性的、分散的风雹天气,预报难度大,TS评分低。 相似文献
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国家级强对流潜势预报业务进展与检验评估 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5
为了推动我国现阶段天气预报业务向专业化和精细化方向发展,国家气象中心自2009年组建了强天气预报中心并开展了国家级强对流落区潜势预报业务。开发了基于加密自动气象站WS报、全国闪电定位监测网、FY系列卫星以及雷达组网等多种实况观测资料的强对流实时监测产品,制定了基于MICAPS 3.0业务平台的《中尺度天气分析规范》,研发了基于全球模式T639以及区域中尺度模式GRAPES-RUC、WRF-EPS等模式输出量的强对流动力热力参数的诊断分析产品及潜势预报方法,建立了国家级强对流天气实时预报业务并发布雷暴、雷雨大风和冰雹、短时强降水等分类落区预报指导产品。对2010年4—9月国家级预报产品进行的客观检验结果表明：6小时间隔雷暴TS评分为18%,短时强降雨为2.6%,冰雹和雷雨大风为2.1%;12小时间隔雷暴TS评分为18.4%,短时强降雨为4.1%,冰雹和雷雨大风为1.3%。 相似文献
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基于TIGGE(the THORPEX Interactive Grand Global Ensemble)资料,对中国气象局(CMA)、欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)、美国国家环境预报中心(NCEP)和日本气象厅(JMA)的集合数值预报结果进行降水集成.采用算术平均法、TS评分集成法和BS评分集成法在我国东南地区进行降水集成,对比分析结果表明:基于TS评分的多模式降水集成无论在分区降水评分中,还是在东南地区的台风型降水和非台风型降水实例中,都有效地改进了大雨以上的降水预报效果;基于BS评分的集成方法和算数平均集成法预报效果次之.东南地区5个子区域的降水集成试验结果表明:各子区域基于TS评分集成后降水的平均绝对误差普遍小于基于BS评分后的降水平均绝对误差.广东东南和浙江北部区域基于TS集成后的降水TS评分值最优,浙闽沿海和广东西北部区域基于TS集成后的降水TS评分次之,处于中上水平.基于算术平均集成和BS集成的降水的TS评分值只有在广东东南区域表现出较好的效果. 相似文献
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利用2011—2015年6—8月TIGGE(THORPEX Interactive Grand Global Ensemble)数据集中欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF,以下简称EC)的集合降水预报数据和江苏省70个基本站逐日24 h(20时至次日20时)降水数据,通过大量暴雨样本系统检验和评估了EC集合预报及多种后处理释用产品对江苏暴雨的预报能力。结果表明:作为集合预报的初级产品,集合平均对暴雨的预报存在明显的漏报率,TS预报评分尚不及EC确定性预报;集合预报不同成员间对暴雨的预报技巧差异大,其最优成员组合的预报能力显著优于EC确定性预报,表明集合预报具有较大的应用潜力;在多种集合预报后处理释用技术中,最大值、最优百分位、降水偏差订正频率匹配法、概率预报、集合异常预报法和杜-周排序法(最大值法)的平均TS评分均较高,超过10%,其次90%分位数、融合、融合-概率匹配和杜-周排序法(集合平均或中位值法)的预报效果也均优于EC确定性预报。集合中位值、概率匹配方法对江苏暴雨的预报评分低于集合平均预报,在暴雨预报上的参考价值相对较低。该评估结果进一步加深了对各集合预报产品区域暴雨预报能力的认识,为预报员更直接快速地选取有效的集合预报产品提供参考。 相似文献
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基于2013—2019年4—9月欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)集合预报的极端天气指数(EFI)资料和新疆95个气象观测站点的实况降水数据,研究了新疆夏半年(4—9月)极端降水阈值及分布情况,运用TS评分,综合分析降水EFI产品在新疆夏半年极端降水预报中的应用效果.结果表明:(1)夏半年极端降水阈值、极端降水量和极端... 相似文献
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利用1979—2016年6月EAR5再分析资料,选取湿热力平流参数、热力螺旋度、散度通量、水汽散度通量和热力波作用密度5个综合因子,采用核密度估计方法,基于TS评分最优为检验标准筛选确立最优因子和权重组合,构建了湖南区域持续性暴雨概率预报模型,并进行了独立样本检验与业务试用。结果表明:2017—2019年独立样本回代检验,平均TS评分达到29.9%,相比于欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)细网格(平均TS评分为22.4%)为正技巧。在2021年、2022年汛期两次区域持续性暴雨个例的预报试验中,提前24 h的暴雨预报优于ECMWF、CMA-GFS等大尺度模式和CMA-SH、CMA-GD等区域中尺度模式,对湖南区域持续性暴雨有较强的预报能力。 相似文献
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为推动区域旅游事业发展,满足旅游气象服务需求,研究针对云南元江哈尼云海景观进行了立体气象观测和业务预报实验。本研究基于云南元江云海气候站2016—2019年观测数据,利用经验预报法、Logistics回归、支持向量机、决策树分析等方法,进行了云海景观出现与否的二分类预报实验。结果表明：各预报方法间训练样本总体准确率在74.3%—82.2%之间差别不大,但传统经验预报基于云海机理研究背景,预报指标物理意义明确,随着预报经验的积累经验预报2019年TS评分为54.8,优于2016—2018年TS评分46.0,也优于仅使用局地数据的统计学习算法的预报评分,且其他几种统计学习预报方法的检验样本TS评分均不如训练样本评分高。云海景观出现需要水汽条件和大气静稳条件的配合,局地云海气象观测站建设收集的立体气候数据有利于预报人员改进预报指标体系,提高预报准确率,有利于提升区域旅游气象服务能力发展。 相似文献
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四种定量降水预报客观订正方法对比研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于2019年全年、不同季节、不同预报时效的欧洲中期天气预报中心模式的定量降水预报,检验评估了频率匹配、最优TS评分、最优百分位、概率匹配4种定量降水预报客观订正法的综合性能。利用理想模型研究了不同雨带位移偏差和干湿偏差情形下频率匹配法与最优TS评分的表现,并通过个例订正展示了4种定量降水预报订正法的基本特征。结果表明:频率匹配与最优TS评分仅能对确定性预报的降水量级进行调整,最优百分位和概率匹配法通过引入集合预报信息可在一定程度上改变预报的降水落区。频率匹配法以频率偏差最优为目标,可以很好地消除模式的干湿偏差,但仅在位移偏差较小且存在较大干湿偏差时提升原始预报的TS评分。最优TS评分法难以改进存在弱湿偏差的中雨预报的TS评分,而最优百分位法利用集合预报信息可以显著提升所有降水等级的TS评分,在较长预报时效下优势尤其明显,但也存在春、夏两季湿偏差较大的问题。概率匹配法由于没有使用历史实况信息,在暴雨订正中干偏差较大。经济价值模型检验评估表明,最优百分位法在暴雨量级的风险决策中具有较高的参考价值。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献