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用11年的全球无线电掩星数据(COSMIC),无线电探空数据(IGRA)以及欧洲中心再分析资料(ERA-Interim)对全球大气边界层高度(PBLH)进行估算比较.结果表明:(1)在1200 UTC和0000 UTC,由ERA-Interim和IGRA数据估算得到的全球PBLH空间分布较为一致,相关性较好,在白天正午时候太阳辐射能力较强,对流活动频繁,估算得到的大气边界层高度较高.(2)由COSMIC掩星数据估算得到的边界层高度比探空数据和再分析数据估算结果整体偏大.(3)COSMIC掩星数据,IGRA探空数据以及ERA-Interim再分析资料估算结果都表明边界层高度在低纬度地区偏大,高纬度地区偏小.(4)分析不同数据估算边界层高度纬向季节性差异表明,IGRA探空数据和COSMIC数据间差异为-1700m至-500m,IGRA与ERA-Interim之间的差异为-500m至250m.此外,对于大多数纬度而言,三个数据集之间的差异在冬季较大,在夏季较小. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2021,(2)
用11年的全球无线电掩星数据(COSMIC),无线电探空数据(IGRA)以及欧洲中心再分析资料(ERA-Interim)对全球大气边界层高度(PBLH)进行估算比较.结果表明:(1)在1200 UTC和0000 UTC,由ERA-Interim和IGRA数据估算得到的全球PBLH空间分布较为一致,相关性较好,在白天正午时候太阳辐射能力较强,对流活动频繁,估算得到的大气边界层高度较高.(2)由COSMIC掩星数据估算得到的边界层高度比探空数据和再分析数据估算结果整体偏大.(3) COSMIC掩星数据,IGRA探空数据以及ERA-Interim再分析资料估算结果都表明边界层高度在低纬度地区偏大,高纬度地区偏小.(4)分析不同数据估算边界层高度纬向季节性差异表明,IGRA探空数据和COSMIC数据间差异为-1700m至-500m,IGRA与ERA-Interim之间的差异为-500m至250m.此外,对于大多数纬度而言,三个数据集之间的差异在冬季较大,在夏季较小. 相似文献
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COSMIC计划及掩星数据误差分析 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
掩星观测资料的误差特性是GPS气象学研究的热点之一,COSMIC（the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology,Ionosphere and Climate）计划在技术上做了很多改进,包括采用“开环”跟踪技术,以改进对低对流层掩星信号的跟踪能力,从而减小掩星数据的反演误差。本文采用2006年7月29日至12月31号的COSMIC掩星数据与全球探空资料进行对比,统计了掩星数据在不同地区、不同高度层的分布以及其折射率的误差特性,结果表明：（1）与探空资料匹配后的掩星事件主要集中在中纬度地区陆地上;在垂直方向5km以上,掩星探测趋于稳定。（2）“开环”技术的应用修正了以前掩星计划中出现在低对流层的折射率负偏差,但是却引进了折射率正偏差。在低纬地区,这种正偏差最大,在地表到1km范围内达到0．6％;随着纬度增加,正偏差减小,在中纬度地区10km以下最大值为0．3％;到高纬度地区,正偏差减小到0．2％以内。 相似文献
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利用青藏高原地区COSMIC掩星资料反演的大气湿廓线Wet Prf数据和8个站点的探空数据,分析了COSMIC反演大气廓线和可降水量与探空观测的偏差,并考查了偏差随高度的变化特征。结果显示:(1)COSMIC反演的温度、压强和水汽压廓线与探空观测具有很好的正相关;与探空观测相比,COSMIC的温度、压强和水汽压的偏差为-0.2℃、1.7 h Pa和0 h Pa,均方差为1.8℃、1.6 h Pa和0.4 h Pa;COSMIC反演大气廓线与探空观测的偏差基本上在大气低层较大,然后随高度增加而减小。(2)COSMIC反演的可降水量与探空观测正相关较好;COSMIC反演的可降水量低于探空观测,两者的偏差为-5.0 mm,均方差为5.7 mm;两者的负偏差在大气低层最明显。(3)探空观测在近地层的不稳定性和COSMIC反演方法中背景模式在青藏高原地区描述大气状态的能力有限,是造成COSMIC反演大气廓线和探空观测的偏差在近地层较大的主要原因;COSMIC观测的折射率偏小导致其反演的可降水量偏低。 相似文献
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根据我国不同气候区特点对2017年9月1日—2018年8月31日的COSMIC,Metop-A和FY-3C掩星折射率进行质量控制,结果表明:3种掩星折射率的双权重平均值和标准差较接近,整体均随高度呈递减变化;4个气候区的双权重平均值和标准差有差异,亚热带季风气候区相比其他3个气候区偏大。COSMIC相对探空观测在5 km以下为负偏差,亚热带季风气候区偏差较大,FY-3C亚热带季风气候区2 km以下为正偏差,2~6 km为负偏差,6 km以上为正偏差,整体在2 N以内。利用不同气候区的质量控制标准筛选出错误数据和可疑数据,经统计确定掩星与探空折射率的相关系数阈值为0.44。1 km以下掩星自适应质量控制中错误数据占比为5%~10%,1 km以上在5%以内,3种掩星较为接近。引入探空观测参考后,Metop-A掩星在高原山地气候区的错误数据较多,其他约为6%。质量控制前,掩星折射率与探空的相关系数相对较小,质量控制后,相关系数得到提高,多在0.9以上,效果较好,掩星数据质量得到了改善。 相似文献
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介绍了一种新型的气象探测技术：空基GNSS掩星探测,并探讨了COSMIC掩星探测的优势和原理。通过与L波段精密探空秒数据的对比,分析并验证了COSMIC掩星资料在气象预报中的可用性,探讨了COSMIC掩星资料在气象应用中的前景。 相似文献
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本文使用CDAAC(COSMIC Data Analysis and Archival Center)提供的1995—2010年GPS掩星干反演大气温度和我国无线电探空温度资料,选择临近的廓线进行匹配,以掩星资料为基准,分析上对流层/下平流层区域(200～30 hPa)探空温度与掩星温度之间的偏差。分析多种时空匹配条件下总的温度偏差和标准差的结果表明,匹配条件对偏差平均值影响较小,主要影响偏差标准差,选择探空和掩星廓线时间差小于3 h、距离小于200 km作为匹配条件。就全国平均而言,探空温度和掩星温度相差很小,其中在上对流层的偏差大于下平流层,偏差的标准差随高度增加而变大。在上对流层昼夜偏差都为正,下平流层白天为正、夜间为负,温度偏差和标准差在白天大于夜间,说明掩星资料具有足够的精度可以识别出太阳辐射对我国探空温度的影响。偏差在低纬较大,随纬度升高逐渐减小,与使用掩星资料计算的大气垂直减温率有较好的对应关系,其变化特征与探空滞后误差比较一致,说明使用掩星资料可以辨别滞后误差对探空资料的影响。就全国平均而言,L波段探空仪和59型探空仪的平均温度偏差都相对较小,但在不同纬度表现不同;在低纬地区二者偏差对比明显,59型探空仪具有较大的偏差,L波段探空仪偏差较小,高纬地区二者偏差相对都较小;59型探空仪的偏差标准差始终大于L波段探空仪。结果说明掩星资料可以分辨仪器换型对温度偏差的影响,探空仪的升级使我国探空资料的精准度提高,特别在纬度较抵的区域,偏差的改进更加明显。 相似文献
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利用COSMIC/GPS掩星折射率资料研究海洋边界层高度的特点 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用2007—2012年的COSMIC(Constellation Observation System for Meteorology,Ionosphere and Climate)掩星折射率资料,研究全球海洋边界层顶高度的季节变化、年际变化和日变化的气候学特点。结果表明海洋边界层顶有明显的季节和年际以及区域变化特征。就年平均而言,全球海洋边界层顶的水平分布在南北两半球大致呈纬向对称分布,赤道地区的边界层顶最高;由赤道向南北两极边界层顶的高度逐渐降低,其中赤道地区平均高度约为3～3.5 km,副热带地区为2～2.5 km,中高纬度地区为1～1.5 km或以下。海洋边界层顶的日变化幅度较小,一般只有几十米到百米的变化范围,并且日变化特点随地区而有差异,有些地区的最高边界层顶出现在9—12时,另一些地区出现在15—18时。 相似文献
10.
鉴于地转风、梯度风和平衡风各自计算风场的特点,该文利用COSMIC掩星折射指数资料,根据大气折射指数与大气密度、风场之间的关系,选用梯度风方程,建立了推算20~60 km中层大气纬圈平均风场的方法,分别与ECMWF提供的ERA-interim及NASA/GMAO提供的MERRA再分析风场资料对比验证。选用2007年1,4,7月和10月的COSMIC掩星折射指数数据,按照构建的方法计算了大气纬圈平均风场,并简单分析了大气纬圈平均纬向风随纬度、高度的变化特征及规律。计算风场与ECMWF及MERRA再分析风场资料变化规律基本一致,符合效果很好, 能够正确反映出纬向平均风场特性。1月及7月不同高度标准偏差、最大偏差随高度增加而增大,标准偏差最大约为6 m/s,最大偏差不超过11 m/s,沿纬度方向相关系数有减小的趋势,但不低于0.98,4月及10月偏差稍小,最大偏差不超过8 m/s。结果表明:利用COSMIC掩星折射指数资料通过梯度风方程计算风场,是获取中层大气20~60 km纬圈平均风场的一种有效方法。 相似文献
11.
In recent years, radio occultation (RO) technology making
use of global positioning system (GPS) signals has been exploited to
obtain profiles of atmospheric parameters in the neutral atmosphere.
In this paper, the RO refractivity profiles obtained from the
Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and
Climate (COSMIC) mission are statistically compared with the
observations of 38 radiosonde stations provided by the Australian
Bureau of Meteorology during the period from 15 July 2006 through 15
July 2007. Different collocation criteria are compared at first, and
COSMIC RO soundings that occur within 3 hours and 300 km of
radiosonde measurements are used for the final statistical
comparison. The overall results show that the agreements between the
COSMIC refractivity profiles and the radiosonde soundings from the
38 stations are very good at 0--30 km altitude, with mean absolute
relative refractivity deviations of less than 0.5%. Latitudinal
comparisons indicate that there are negative refractivity deviations
in the lower troposphere over the low latitude and middle latitude
regions and large standard deviations exist in the lower troposphere
of low latitude regions, which can reach up to ~6%. The
comparisons of COSMIC RO refractivity profiles and radiosonde
observations for 3 polar stations in four different seasons indicate
that the accuracy of GPS RO profiles is better in the Austral summer
and autumn than in the Austral spring and winter during the year
from September 2006 to August 2007. 相似文献
12.
Comparisons in the global planetary boundary layer height obtained from COSMIC radio occultation,radiosonde, and reanalysis data 基于无线电掩星数据, 探空资料以及再分析资料估算大气边界层高度的比较 
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下载免费PDF全文 《大气和海洋科学快报》2021,14(2):100018
The global planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) estimated from 11 years (2007–17) of Integrated Global Radiosonde Archive (IGRA) data, Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate (COSMIC) soundings, and European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) interim reanalysis (ERA-Interim) data, are compared in this study. In general, the spatial distribution of global PBLH derived from ERA-Interim is consistent with the one from IGRA, both at 1200 UTC and 0000 UTC. High PBLH occurs at noon local time, because of strong radiation energy and convective activity. There are larger differences between the results of COSMIC and the other two datasets. PBLHs derived from COSMIC are much higher than those from radiosonde and reanalysis data. However, PBLHs derived from the three datasets all exhibit higher values in the low latitudes and lower ones in the high latitudes. The latitudinal difference between IGRA and COSMIC ranges from −1700 m to −500 m, while it ranges from −500 m to 250 m for IGRA and ERA-Interim. It is found that the differences among the three datasets are larger in winter and smaller in summer for most studied latitudes.摘要用11年的全球无线电掩星数据 (COSMIC) , 无线电探空数据 (IGRA) 以及欧洲中心再分析资料 (ERA-Interim) 对全球大气边界层高度 (PBLH) 进行估算比较. 结果表明: (1) 在1200 UTC和0000 UTC, 由ERA-Interim和IGRA数据估算得到的全球PBLH空间分布较为一致, 相关性较好, 在白天正午时候太阳辐射能力较强, 对流活动频繁, 估算得到的大气边界层高度较高. (2) 由COSMIC掩星数据估算得到的边界层高度比探空数据和再分析数据估算结果整体偏大. (3) COSMIC掩星数据, IGRA 探空数据以及 ERA-Interim 再分析资料估算结果都表明边界层高度在低纬度地区偏大, 高纬度地区偏小. (4) 分析不同数据估算边界层高度纬向季节性差异表明, IGRA探空数据和COSMIC数据间差异为-1700m至-500m, IGRA与ERA-Interim之间的差异为-500m至250m.此外, 对于大多数纬度而言, 三个数据集之间的差异在冬季较大, 在夏季较小. 相似文献
13.
In the present study, a gross quality control (QC) procedure is proposed for the Global Navigation Satellite System Occultation Sounder (GNOS) Global Positioning System radio occultation (GPS RO) refractivity data to remove abnormal data before they are assimilated. It consists of a climate extreme check removing data outside the range of the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate (COSMIC) climate maxima and minima over approximately five years, and a vertical gradient check that rejects profiles containing super-refractions. These two QC steps were applied sequentially to identify outliers in GNOS GPS RO refractivity data during boreal winter 2013/2014. All of the abnormal refractivity profiles and the outliers at each level of the GNOS GPS RO observations were effectively removed by the proposed QC procedure. The post-QC GNOS GPS RO refractivity observations were then assimilated in the Global/ Regional Analysis and PrEdiction System (GRAPES) using the three-dimensional variational (3D-Var) system. The impacts of the GNOS refractivity observation on GRAPES analysis and forecasting were evaluated and analyzed using an observation system experiment run over one whole winter season of 2013 / 2014. The experiment results demonstrated a positive impact of GNOS GPS RO data on analysis and forecast quality. The root mean squared error of GRAPES analysis temperature was reduced by 1% in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) extratropics and in the tropics, and the anomaly correlation scores of the forecasted 500-hPa geopotential height over the SH increased significantly during days 1 to 5. Overall, the benefits of using GNOS GPS RO data are significant in the SH and tropics. 相似文献
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基于1979-2017年5月青藏高原地区149个站点观测资料计算的地表感热通量（OBCH）和4套再分析资料提供的地表感热通量,对比分析了青藏高原地表感热通量的时空变化特征。结果表明：5月各地表感热再分析资料在高原主体部分（3 000 m以上部分）的气候平均值均为正值,说明高原主体5月为同一热源,且均呈高原西部（90°E为界）感热通量偏大,东部偏小的特征。5月高原主体各套平均地表感热通量均呈减弱趋势,除ERA感热表现为增强外,其余3套再分析资料在高原西部均表现为减弱,减弱趋势显著;5套资料在高原东部均表现为减弱趋势,除OBCH资料外,均表现为显著减弱。EOF分析发现,除了ERA-Interim资料,其余4套资料在高原主体第一模态主要表现为一致性变化,第二模态空间分布呈明显差异。从各套资料与OBCH资料的时间相关来看,ERA-Interim资料与OBCH资料相关系数可达0.70,说明二者在5月具有较好的年际变化一致性特征,而NCEP2资料与OBCH资料相关系数仅为0.33,说明二者具有较大的年际变化差异。 相似文献
15.
青藏高原地表感热通量是高原热源的主要分量之一,对高原局地天气系统、我国天气气候以及亚洲季风等都有着重要影响。选取1980～2016年青藏高原的站点资料和ERA-Interim、NCEP1、NCEP2再分析资料,计算高原地表感热通量的分布状况和时间变化特征并对不同资料得到的结果进行比较分析,结果表明:4种资料在夏季的空间分布、年际变化,高原中部的年际变化,以及长期变化趋势上具有较好的一致性,其中ERA-Interim感热资料较优于其他两种再分析资料。青藏高原的地表感热通量分布呈西高东低的特征,年均最大值出现在柴达木盆地,最小值位于贡山;区域平均值春季最大,冬季最小。感热逐月变化呈单峰型分布,不同分区的年际变化均在2001年或2003年由减弱趋势转变为增强趋势。 相似文献
16.
GPS radio occultation(GPS RO) method,an active satellite-to-satellite remote sensing technique,is capable of producing accurate,all-weather,round the clock,global refractive index,density,pressure,and temperature profiles of the troposphere and stratosphere.This study presents planetary-scale equatorially trapped Kelvin waves in temperature profiles retrieved using COSMIC(Constellation Observing System for Meteorology,Ionosphere,and Climate) satellites during 2006-2009 and their interactions with background atmospheric conditions.It is found that the Kelvin waves are not only associated with wave periods of higher than 10 days(slow Kelvin waves) with higher zonal wave numbers(either 1 or 2),but also possessing downward phase progression,giving evidence that the source regions of them are located at lower altitudes.A thorough verification of outgoing longwave radiation(OLR) reveals that deep convection activity has developed regularly over the Indonesian region,suggesting that the Kelvin waves are driven by the convective activity.The derived Kelvin waves show enhanced(diminished) tendencies during westward(eastward) phase of the quasi-biennial oscillation(QBO) in zonal winds,implying a mutual relation between both of them.The El Nino and Southern Oscillation(ENSO) below 18 km and the QBO features between 18 and 27km in temperature profiles are observed during May 2006-May 2010 with the help of an adaptive data analysis technique known as Hilbert Huang Transform(HHT).Further,temperature anomalies computed using COSMIC retrieved temperatures are critically evaluated during different phases of ENSO,which has revealed interesting results and are discussed in light of available literature. 相似文献
17.
This study investigates the spatial and temporal variability of global stratospheric gravity waves (GWs) and the characteristics of GW activity during sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) using the GPS radio occultation measurements from the COSMIC mission during September 2006 to May 2013. Corresponding to the COSMIC RO observational window and analysis method, GW potential energy (Ep) with vertical scales no shorter than ～2 km is resolved. It is found that the distributions of GW Ep over 20-30 km and 30-38 km show similar spatial and seasonal variations. The variations of GW Ep with altitude and latitude along the westerly wind are identified in different seasons over 60°-80°W. In the middle and high latitudes, seasonal cycles are distinct in the time-latitude and time-altitude distributions of GW activities, which show larger Ep in winters when westerly wind dominates and smaller Ep in summers when easterly wind dominates. The influence of quasi-biennial oscillation on GW activity is recognized in the tropics. GW Ep enhances closely following the occurrence of minor SSW events; while during major events, GW Ep may not enhance, and sometimes may even weaken, in the regions where reversals of zonal wind occur, probably caused by the filtering impact of the 0 m s-1 wind level on the GWs. 相似文献