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1.
为了探讨上海市区和郊区黑碳气溶胶质量浓度、分布以及来源和输送等特征,利用上海浦东 (市区) 和东滩 (郊区河口湿地)2007年12月—2008年11月的黑碳气溶胶小时平均质量浓度数据,对比分析了两地黑碳气溶胶浓度在不同时间尺度上的变化特征以及气象要素对黑碳质量浓度的影响。结果表明:观测期间浦东和东滩两地黑碳气溶胶小时质量浓度平均值分别为3.8 μg·m-3,1.7 μg·m-3。两地黑碳气溶胶浓度具有类似的季节变化特征,均为冬季较高、夏季较低;同时浦东黑碳气溶胶浓度日变化呈现出明显的双峰结构,并具有显著的周末效应,体现了局地人为源排放的影响。受源排放影响为主的市区与受输送影响为主的郊区,黑碳气溶胶浓度在不同风向上与风速的关系表现出不同特征。 相似文献
2.
中国西部大气清洁地区黑碳气溶胶的观测研究 总被引：48，自引：2，他引：46
黑碳气溶胶是大气气溶胶中的重要成分,对可见光和红外光都具有强烈吸收作用,对气溶胶的局地及全球的气候效应有重要的贡献。本文给出了1994年7月到1995年底在瓦里关本底台进行的黑碳气溶胶观测结果,结合气象观测资料以及在我国东部地区的部分观测结果对该地区大气中的黑碳气溶胶浓度及其变化特点进行了讨论分析。瓦里关山地区的大气黑碳气溶胶月平均浓度为130～300 ng/m3,大大低于我国东部地区;该地区大气中黑碳气溶胶浓度的变化明显地与来自工业及人口集中地区的污染气团的影响有关,不同风向时的黑碳气溶胶浓度水平有明显的差异;由最大出现频数统计分析得出该地区大气黑碳气溶胶的本底浓度范围为50～120 ng/m3;冬季该地区大气黑碳气溶胶的平均浓度和本底浓度都较低,而春季较高。 相似文献
3.
2003年秋季西安大气中黑碳气溶胶的演化特征及其来源解析 总被引：34，自引：4，他引：30
2003年9～11月在西安站点通过黑碳测量仪(Aethlometer)获得了大气细粒子中每5 min的黑碳气溶胶(BC)浓度,这些实时的BC浓度经过元素碳校对后,日平均浓度为10.2±5.8μg·m-3,其变化范围为1.8～27.5μg·m-3.BC浓度与污染指数(API)的变化具有良好的一致性(相关系数为0.64),表明BC是大气颗粒物污染的一个重要贡献.正常天气下,BC小时平均浓度呈三峰分布,这与机动车污染、居民活动和农村秸秆燃烧等来源相关联.通过降水天气下BC的浓度分布和BC浓度频次分布法,获得了西安大气中BC的本底浓度为4.5μg·m-3,以此估算了西安大气BC中不同来源的相对贡献,其中周边源对BC的贡献超过了1/3.这表明了该季节内城市周边农村秸秆燃烧对城市空气质量的显著贡献,需要进一步严格控制. 相似文献
4.
夏季硫酸盐和黑碳气溶胶对中国云特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
利用WRF-Chem（Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry）模式研究2006年8月1日—9月1日中国区域硫酸盐和黑碳气溶胶对云特性的影响。模式验证利用了卫星和地面观测的气象要素、化学物质浓度、气溶胶光学特性和云微物理特性。模式性能评估表明该模式能较好地抓住气象要素（温度、降水、相对湿度和风速）的量级和空间分布特征。通过与地面观测和MODIS卫星数据对比发现,尽管模式模拟还存在偏差,但还是能较好模拟出气溶胶物种的地表浓度、气溶胶光学厚度（AOD）、云光学厚度（COD）、云量（CLDF）、云顶云滴有效半径（CER）和云水路径（LWP）。通过两个敏感性试验（分别增加二氧化硫和黑碳排放量至控制试验排放的3倍）与控制试验的对比发现硫酸盐比黑碳更易成为云凝结核,在中国东部云顶云滴数浓度和其它云特性参数对二氧化硫排放增加的响应均从北向南呈递增,这与地面湿度分布有关。云滴有效半径对硫酸盐气溶胶的响应符合气溶胶第一间接效应的定义,即硫酸盐气溶胶增多,云滴数浓度增加,云滴有效半径减少,但是对黑碳气溶胶的响应在各区域不尽相同。还发现黑碳对云量的影响远大于硫酸盐,主要原因是由于黑碳气溶胶直接辐射效应（对太阳光的吸收）导致的云的“燃烧”作用。 相似文献
5.
利用2009年1～12月在东莞市大气成分观测站观测到的黑碳气溶胶质量浓度资料,以及东莞国家基本气象站的常规气象观测数据,对该地区黑碳类气溶胶的时变化、日变化及相关气象因素进行了统计分析。结果表明,2009年东莞黑碳气溶胶质量浓度平均为5 925 ng/m3,黑碳小时平均质量浓度变化的双峰型特征比较明显,1 d中有2个明显的峰值和1个谷值。风速与黑碳质量浓度的相关性比较明显,主导风向为偏东、偏北风时出现高黑碳质量浓度;颗粒物质量浓度PM10与黑碳质量浓度有良好的相关性,相关系数为0.87,表明了黑碳气溶胶是可吸入颗粒物中的重要组成部分。 相似文献
6.
2008北京奥运会前后城区黑碳气溶胶浓度的变化特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用Model-5012型黑碳仪观测的大气中黑碳气溶胶的浓度资料,结合北京城区环保控制措施和气象资料,分析了2008北京奥运会前后和奥运会期间黑碳气溶胶浓度变化的主要影响因子。结果表明,7月20日前(北京城区无机动车单双号控制),大气中黑碳气溶胶的特征浓度为3.4μg.m-3;实施机动车单双号控制后至奥运会前(7月20日至8月7日),该特征值增加至3.9μg.m-3;奥运会期间[8月8日00时(北京时间,下同)至24日23时]城区黑碳气溶胶浓度有明显下降,为2.5μg.m-3,比奥运会前下降了31%。对同期气象观测数据的分析表明,奥运会期间北京周边降雨量明显增大,偏北风出现的频次也从奥运会前的24.1%提高至38.8%。另外,八达岭高速路健翔桥段的机动车监测数据显示,奥运会期间进、出北京的机动车流量有所降低,上下班高峰期机动车流量减少了约30%,这也是奥运会期间黑碳气溶胶浓度降低的重要原因。 相似文献
7.
本文采用CAM30 模式研究东亚地区各种气溶胶浓度增加后对于东亚春季各气候要素,尤其是对降水和春季风场的影响。在模式中通过分别对区域（20～50 °N,100～150 °E）内黑碳气溶胶浓度单独加倍、硫酸盐气溶胶浓度单独加倍、两种气溶胶浓度同时加倍的实验方法,探讨不同气溶胶浓度变化在东亚春季气候变化中的具体作用。结果表明：在春季,3种气溶胶浓度增加方式都使得东亚地区表现出降水中南部减少北部增加,低层大气西南风异常以及地面温度南部增加北部减少。通过对110～120 °E的断面分析发现,硫酸盐与黑碳气溶胶在春季首先影响约800 hPa以上大气的温度并通过不同的动力机制影响东亚地区的风场,风场的改变进而导致了云量和降水在东亚北方地区增多而中南部地区减少,并最终使得地面温度表现出东亚中南部地区增温而北方地区相对降温的特征。 相似文献
8.
黑碳气溶胶光学厚度的全球分布及分析 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：11
利用全球气溶胶数据集GADS(Global Aerosol Data Set)计算了冬夏两季黑碳气溶胶质量浓度分布以及在波长0.55μm处的光学厚度、吸收系数和散射系数在全球的分布,并分析了原因。通过分析黑碳气溶胶复折射指数虚部、单次散射反照率、非对称因子、吸收系数、散射系数和消光系数随波长的变化,得出黑碳气溶胶的吸收系数和散射系数在小于0.5μm的短波范围内具有相同的数量级,随着波长的增大,吸收系数比散射系数大几个数量级;黑碳气溶胶对小于1μm的短波有强烈的吸收作用。另外还给出了冬夏两季南北半球及全球黑碳气溶胶平均光学厚度值、7个地区黑碳气溶胶光学厚度及质量浓度最大值,其中冬季黑碳气溶胶光学厚度的最大值为0.027 5,位于东亚地区;而质量浓度最大值为1.555μg/m3,位于西欧地区。 相似文献
9.
CAM3.0模式中黑碳及硫酸盐气溶胶浓度变化对东亚春季气候的影响研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文采用CAM3.0模式研究东亚地区各种气溶胶浓度增加后对于东亚春季各气候要素,尤其是对降水和春季风场的影响。在模式中通过分别对区域(20～50°N,100～150°E)内黑碳气溶胶浓度单独加倍、硫酸盐气溶胶浓度单独加倍、两种气溶胶浓度同时加倍的实验方法,探讨不同气溶胶浓度变化在东亚春季气候变化中的具体作用。结果表明:在春季,3种气溶胶浓度增加方式都使得东亚地区表现出降水中南部减少北部增加,低层大气西南风异常以及地面温度南部增加北部减少。通过对110～120°E的断面分析发现,硫酸盐与黑碳气溶胶在春季首先影响约800 hPa以上大气的温度并通过不同的动力机制影响东亚地区的风场,风场的改变进而导致了云量和降水在东亚北方地区增多而中南部地区减少,并最终使得地面温度表现出东亚中南部地区增温而北方地区相对降温的特征。 相似文献
10.
乌鲁木齐大气黑碳气溶胶浓度变化特征及影响因素分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
刘新春 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2013,7(3):36-42
利用乌鲁木齐大气成分观测站2009年11月—2010年2月(2009年冬季)黑碳气溶胶(BC)质量浓度观测资料,同时结合该站观测的PM数据以及国内外其它地区的BC观测结果,分析了该地区黑碳气溶胶的变化特征及影响因素。结果表明:(1)BC日平均浓度为12.442±5.407μg.m-3,其变化范围为2.685~26.691μg.m-3。BC质量浓度与API指数的变化趋势基本一致,相关系数为0.660。(2)BC浓度的日变化具有明显的双峰值特征,其峰值区主要出现在上午和夜间,谷值区出现在凌晨和下午。逐日分布具有2~3 d到数天不等的急剧上升的变化,与天气过程活动周期基本吻合。(3)周一至周四BC平均浓度呈总体降低趋势,周五开始逐渐增加,总体的变化幅度不大,工作日和周末差别较小。(4)BC小时平均浓度出现频数符合对数正态分布,冬季本底浓度为6.146μg.m-3。(5)BC与PM10,PM2.5,PM1.0日平均浓度在0.001水平上均呈正相关,线性相关系数分别为0.526,0.538和0.548;BC在PM10,PM2.5,PM1.0中分别约占6.8%,8.2%和9.2%,表明BC是PM的重要组成部分。(6)乌鲁木齐城市冬季BC气溶胶浓度高于国内外部分城市,明显高于较为洁净的边远地区,远高于瓦里关本底站及南极观测的结果。 相似文献
11.
在中国西部的青藏高原和新疆地区的若干条冰川区域采集雪和冰芯样品,分析了雪冰样品中的黑碳,并模拟了雪冰黑碳产生的辐射强迫。我国西部雪冰黑碳的平均浓度为63 ng/g,高于北半球其他地区的实测结果。影响雪样黑碳浓度空间分布格局的主因是周边的排放源。模拟结果显示,黑碳在中国西部冰川雪表的沉降产生的平均辐射强迫为（+4.0±2.0) W/m2。喜马拉雅山中段的东绒布冰芯记录揭示黑碳主要来源于南亚,经印度夏季风输送;1951年以来黑碳的平均浓度为16 ng/g,产生的月平均辐射强迫在2001年夏季超过了+4.5 W/m2。南亚排放的黑碳可能抵达青藏高原南部腹地,对青藏高原的冰川表面能量平衡有一定影响。 相似文献
12.
国家重点研发计划“黑碳的农业与生活源排放对东亚气候、空气质量的影响及其气候-健康效益评估”课题的中期研究进展可归纳如下:1)针对观测和实验平台,课题组进行了针对飞机气路的重新设计和改装,加装了用于航测的大气黑碳(BC)、气溶胶光学、细颗粒物粒径谱、颗粒物组分及气体组分来源示踪相关仪器,对飞机设备进行了质量控制,并设计了针对课题研究的新飞行方案。搭建了多套源排放模拟燃烧实验平台和监测系统。2)开展了基于飞机和飞艇的针对华北、华中、长三角及山东地区的黑碳垂直廓线观测。通过空地联合观测,捕捉到了华北和华中等地跨区域的黑碳大气传输过程,探讨了传输的机制。3)组织了多次农村能源消耗调查。基于室内实验初步研究了民用燃料(煤和生物质)排放气溶胶的数浓度和单颗粒气溶胶(包括黑碳)组成、混合状态、实时演化特性。初步构建了中国民用燃煤和生物质燃烧的多污染物(包括黑碳)1 km×1 km排放清单。4)建立了黑碳的光学特性和混合特性模型。采用在线大气化学耦合模式(WRF-Chem)针对黑碳气溶胶对气象要素和边界层发展的影响进行模拟,探讨了黑碳-边界层相互作用机制对地面臭氧浓度的影响,揭示了黑碳对空气污染加剧/减弱影响的物理和化学机制。改进了地球系统模式,为后期开展黑碳气溶胶辐射效应的研究打下了坚实的技术基础。5)在北京和成都市开展了黑碳浓度对居民中不同类人群的呼吸及循环系统死亡率的影响研究,开展了黑碳浓度对居民急诊就诊人数的影响研究,分析了黑碳的健康效应。 相似文献
13.
Karim C. Abbaspour 《大气与海洋》2013,51(4):686-698
Abstract The performances of eight methods for estimating daily energy‐limited evapotranspiration (Ee) were compared with reliable values for the Peace River region of British Columbia. They included the methods of Priestley and Taylor (PT), Jensen and Haise (JH), Hargreaves (H) and Makkink (M), the first and second equations of Baier and Robertson (BR1 and BR2), and the modified methods of Blaney and Criddle (BC) and Thornthwaite (T). The reference data were obtained from previous workers, who in 1977 and 1979 made micrometeorological measurements of Ee using the Bowen ratio method. The relationships between estimated and measured Ee values excluding the T method in 1977 had correlation coefficients (R) ranging from 0.65 to 0.84. These were not significantly different at the 5% level. The Standard Errors of the Estimate (SEE) ranged from 0.43 to 1.69 mm d?1. The PT, JH, BR1 and T methods had low SEE values, whereas the BR2, H, BC and M methods had high SEE values. Six of the eight methods (PT, JH, H, M, BR2 and BC) were calibrated for local conditions using 1979 data. After calibration, the methods were tested with the 1977 data. The results indicated significant improvement in the fit of four of the methods (H, M, BR2 and BC). Overall, it was concluded that after calibration, six of the eight methods had predictive power and fit that were not significantly different at the 5% level. 相似文献
14.
Black carbon (BC) is a component of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), associated with climate, weather, air quality, and people’s health. However, studies on temporal variation of atmospheric BC concentration at background stations in China and its source area identification are lacking. In this paper, we use 2-yr BC observations from two background stations, Lin’an (LAN) and Longfengshan (LFS), to perform the investigation. The results show that the mean diurnal variation of BC has two significant peaks at LAN while different characteristics are found in the BC variation at LFS, which are probably caused by the difference in emission source contributions. Seasonal variation of monthly BC shows double peaks at LAN but a single peak at LFS. The annual mean concentrations of BC at LAN and LFS decrease by 1.63 and 0.26 μg m–3 from 2009 to 2010, respectively. The annual background concentration of BC at LAN is twice higher than that at LFS. The major source of the LAN BC is industrial emission while the source of the LFS BC is residential emission. Based on transport climatology on a 7-day timescale, LAN and LFS stations are sensitive to surface emissions respectively in belt or approximately circular area, which are dominated by summer monsoon or colder land air flows in Northwest China. In addition, we statistically analyze the BC source regions by using BC observation and FLEXible PARTicle dispersion model (FLEXPART) simulation. In summer, the source regions of BC are distributed in the northwest and south of LAN and the southwest of LFS. Low BC concentration is closely related to air mass from the sea. In winter, the source regions of BC are concentrated in the west and south of LAN and the northeast of the threshold area of stot at LFS. The cold air mass in the northwest plays an important role in the purification of atmospheric BC. On a yearly scale, sources of BC are approximately from five provinces in the northwest/southeast of LAN and the west of LFS. These findings are helpful in reducing BC emission and controlling air pollution. 相似文献
15.
Bingliang Zhuang Qian Liu Tijian Wang Changqin Yin Shu Li Min Xie Fei Jiang Huiting Mao 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2013,114(3-4):651-672
A Regional Climate Chemistry Modeling System that employed empirical parameterizations of aerosol-cloud microphysics was applied to investigate the spatial distribution, radiative forcing (RF), and climate effects of black carbon (BC) over China. Results showed high levels of BC in Southwest, Central, and East China, with maximum surface concentrations, column burden, and optical depth (AOD) up to 14 μg?m?3, 8 mg?m?2, and 0.11, respectively. Black carbon was found to result in a positive RF at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) due to its direct effect while a negative RF due to its indirect effect. The regional-averaged direct and indirect RF of BC in China was about +0.81 and ?0.95 W?m?2, respectively, leading to a net RF of ?0.15 W?m?2 at the TOA. The BC indirect RF was larger than its direct RF in South China. Due to BC absorption of solar radiation, cloudiness was decreased by 1.33 %, further resulting in an increase of solar radiation and subsequently a surface warming over most parts of China, which was opposite to BC’s indirect effect. Further, the net effect of BC might cause a decrease of precipitation of ?7.39 % over China. Investigations also suggested large uncertainties and non-linearity in BC’s indirect effect on regional climate. Results suggested that: (a) changes in cloud cover might be more affected by BC’s direct effect, while changes in surface air temperature and precipitation might be influenced by BC’s indirect effect; and (b) BC second indirect effect might have more influence on cloud cover and water content compared to first indirect effect. This study highlighted a substantial role of BC on regional climate changes. 相似文献
16.
An Overview of the Studies on Black Carbon and Mineral Dust Deposition in Snow and Ice Cores in East Asia 
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下载免费PDF全文 Black carbon （BC） is the most eff ective insoluble light-absorbing particulate （ILAP）, which can strongly absorb solar radiation at visible wavelengths. Once BC is deposited in snow via dry or wet process, even a small amount of BC could signifi cantly decrease snow albedo, enhance absorption of solar radiation, accelerate snow melting, and cause climate feedback. BC is considered the second most important component next to CO2 in terms of global warming. Similarly, mineral dust （MD） is another type of ILAP. So far, little attention has been paid to quantitative measurements of BC and MD deposition on snow surface in the midlatitudes of East Asia, especially over northern China. In this paper, we focus on reviewing several experiments performed for collecting and measuring scavenging BC and MD in the high Asian glaciers over the mountain range （such as the Himalayas） and in seasonal snow over northern China. Results from the surveyed literature indicate that the absorption of ILAP in seasonal snow is dominated by MD in the Qilian Mountains and by local soil dust in the Inner Mongolian region close to dust sources. The detection of BC in snow and ice cores using modern techniques has a large bias and uncertainty when the snow sample is mixed with MD. Evidence also indicates that the reduction of snow albedo by BC and MD perturbations can signifi cantly increase the net surface solar radiation, cause surface air temperature to rise, reduce snow accumulation, and accelerate snow melting. 相似文献
17.
黑碳气溶胶辐射强迫全球分布的模拟研究 总被引：18，自引：3，他引：15
利用一个改进的辐射传输模式,结合全球气溶胶数据集（GADS）,计算晴空条件下冬夏两季黑碳气溶胶的直接辐射强迫在对流层顶和地面的全球分布。计算结果表明,与温室气体引起的整层大气都是正的辐射强迫不同,黑碳气溶胶的辐射强迫在对流层顶为正值,而在地面的辐射强迫却是负值。作者从理论上解释了造成这种结果的原因。对北半球冬季和夏季而言,在对流层顶黑碳气溶胶的全球辐射强迫的平均值分别为0.085W/m2和0.155 W/m2,在地面则分别为-0.37 W/m2和-0.63 W/m2。虽然气溶胶的辐射强迫主要依赖于其本身的光学性质和在大气中的浓度,太阳高度角和地表反照率对黑碳气溶胶的辐射强迫会产生很大的影响。研究指出:黑碳气溶胶在对流层顶正的辐射强迫和在地面负的辐射强迫的绝对值都随太阳天顶角的余弦和地表反照率的增加线性增大;地表反照率对黑碳气溶胶辐射强迫的强度和分布都有重要影响。黑碳气溶胶的辐射强迫分布具有明显的纬度变化特征,冬夏两季的大值区都位于30°N~90°N之间,表明人类活动是造成黑碳气溶胶辐射强迫的主要原因。 相似文献
18.
E. Roeckner P. Stier J. Feichter S. Kloster M. Esch I. Fischer-Bruns 《Climate Dynamics》2006,27(6):553-571
The past and future evolution of atmospheric composition and climate has been simulated with a version of the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM). The system consists of the atmosphere, including a detailed representation of tropospheric aerosols, the land surface, and the ocean, including a model of the marine biogeochemistry which interacts with the atmosphere via the dust and sulfur cycles. In addition to the prescribed concentrations of carbon dioxide, ozone and other greenhouse gases, the model is driven by natural forcings (solar irradiance and volcanic aerosol), and by emissions of mineral dust, sea salt, sulfur, black carbon (BC) and particulate organic matter (POM). Transient climate simulations were performed for the twentieth century and extended into the twenty-first century, according to SRES scenario A1B, with two different assumptions on future emissions of carbonaceous aerosols (BC, POM). In the first experiment, BC and POM emissions decrease over Europe and China but increase at lower latitudes (central and South America, Africa, Middle East, India, Southeast Asia). In the second experiment, the BC and POM emissions are frozen at their levels of year 2000. According to these experiments the impact of projected changes in carbonaceaous aerosols on the global mean temperature is negligible, but significant changes are found at low latitudes. This includes a cooling of the surface, enhanced precipitation and runoff, and a wetter surface. These regional changes in surface climate are caused primarily by the atmospheric absorption of sunlight by increasing BC levels and, subsequently, by thermally driven circulations which favour the transport of moisture from the adjacent oceans. The vertical redistribution of solar energy is particularly large during the dry season in central Africa when the anomalous atmospheric heating of up to 60 W m−2 and a corresponding decrease in surface solar radiation leads to a marked surface cooling, reduced evaporation and a higher level of soil moisture, which persists throughout the year and contributes to the enhancement of precipitation during the wet season. 相似文献
19.
Investigation on the direct radiative effect of fossil fuel black-carbon aerosol over China 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Bingliang Zhuang Fei Jiang Tijian Wang Shu Li Bin Zhu 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2011,104(3-4):301-312
In China, due to lack of countrywide monitoring and coarse emission inventory of black carbon (BC) in early years, there are large uncertainties as to the estimations of its loading, direct radiative forcing (DRF) and climate response. Here, we apply an up-to-date emission inventory of BC in 2006 to investigate its loading, optical depth (AOD) at 550?nm and DRF using the coupled Regional Climate Chemistry Modeling System (RegCCMS). A state of the art air quality model (WRF/Chem) is also used to access surface BC concentration. Simulated surface concentrations of BC from these two models were compared with observations, while the AOD was compared with the results both from the Goddard Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport (GOCART) model and from satellite and ground-based simulations. Results show that RegCCMS presented similar patterns and levels of annual mean-surface BC concentration to those of WRF/Chem. The regional distributions and monthly variations of RegCCMS BC were reproduced well in comparison to observations. Simulated pattern of AODs are consistent to but lower than those from satellite (Omi-0.25°) and AERONET simulations. Annual mean DRFs mainly distribute in the area with high BC loadings, with regional mean of 0.75?W?m?C2 and predicted global mean of 0.343?W?m?C2. In general, the results are about 0.4?C5 times for regional column burden, about 2 times as high for regional mean DRFs, about 1.3?C1.8 times for global mean DRFs and about 3?C4 times for AOD at 550?nm as compared to those in previous studies in China. These increasing DRFs of BC imply that its warming effect and climate response should be stronger and the DRF of total aerosols should be weaker (less negative). 相似文献
20.
中国区域气溶胶对东亚夏季风的可能影响(Ⅱ)：黑碳气溶胶及其与硫酸盐气溶胶的综合影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
利用NCAR的新一代GCM CAM3.0模式耦合一个气溶胶同化系统,研究了中国区域黑碳气溶胶的直接气候效应。结果显示,中国区域黑碳气溶胶引起全球平均辐射强迫为0.13 W/m2,导致除了青藏高原和广西以外的中国大部分地区降温,其中东北、四川和内蒙古中北部降温最显著。由此造成海陆温差缩小,气压差降低,从而总体上使东亚夏季风减弱。但与硫酸盐气溶胶的影响相比,黑碳气溶胶使季风减弱的程度较小,长江中下游地区的降水有所增加。黑碳气溶胶加强了中国东南部地区的对流活动,这与硫酸盐气溶胶的作用相反。同时,探讨了中国区域硫酸盐和黑碳气溶胶的综合直接气候效应。结果表明,硫酸盐和黑碳气溶胶的综合作用与仅有硫酸盐气溶胶的情形十分相似,降水变化的区域也和硫酸盐的保持一致。 相似文献