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1.
利用ACTIVE（aerosol and chemical transport in tropical convection）试验资料,取2006年1月20日澳大利亚北部达尔文岛附近发生的一次飑线强对流天气的AE17航次和2006年1月27日无对流天气的AE21航次飞行路径中的探测资料,对澳大利亚达尔文地区夏季风盛行期间发生的有无强对流发生时O3和CO浓度垂直分布变化进行对比,考察强对流性天气发生对O3和CO浓度垂直输送作用。深对流云内强烈的垂直上升运动将O3和CO等化学气体携带输送至对流层上部并在对流层顶堆积,从而在对流层上部产生浓度峰值。当有强对流发生,飞机进入对流云上层时,O3浓度和CO浓度升高,O3和CO浓度变率增大,在对流层上部浓度出现峰值;当飞机飞出对流云时,O3和CO浓度相对较低,在对流云外出现谷值。在无对流发生的条件下O3和CO浓度相对较小,浓度变率也较小,无峰值产生。分析表明:O3和CO浓度分布不仅与强对流的垂直输送作用关系密切,且与气象要素垂直和水平分布以及动力输送过程密切相关。 相似文献
2.
青藏高原是对流层水汽和污染物进入平流层的一个重要通道,这些大气成分会对全球气候产生重要影响。利用MLS探测资料和ERA-Interim资料,对2012年7月5日发生在青藏高原中部的一次强对流活动中对流层上部平流层下部(UTLS)H_2O、O_3、CO和IWC的分布特点进行分析,并通过Wei公式估算穿越对流层顶的臭氧和水汽通量。分析结果表明:(1)O_3混合比在100hPa附近相对多年平均略微增加,从0.3×10~(-6)(V)增加到0.9×10~(-6)(V);CO混合比在150hPa以下最大值增加了0.08×10~(-6)(V);H_2O混合比在215hPa附近增加了80×10~(-6)(V);IWC在对流过程中增加明显,在215hPa处的含量最大达到了0.027g/m~3,比多年平均值增加2倍多。(2)对流活动开始前,向上穿过对流层顶的运动逐渐增强,且总的臭氧和水汽通量输送主要由垂直方向的瞬时运动变化贡献。因此高原上的强对流活动对对流层低层大气的抬升作用会使UTLS的大气成分发生相应变化。 相似文献
3.
2013年6—9月在河北省固城站观测到多次夜间对流性天气伴随地面O3混合比快速抬升的过程,并引起次日清晨到中午O3混合比升高。大多数对流过程中,O3混合比在半小时内升高至60×10-9～80×10-9,同时NOx等反应性气体混合比下降,θse值降低,说明下沉气流将高空气团带到地面,造成了O3混合比的升高。通过再分析资料得到下沉气团基本来源于对流层中下层,这一结论与当地进行的一次飞机观测结果吻合。多数对流过程中固城站和北京城区地面O3混合比和θse值有相同的变化趋势和程度。根据观测结果,推测华北地区在夏季和初秋时,对流层中下层存在O3高值区,混合比约为60×10-9～80×10-9。对流性天气对地面O3抬升的影响区域与对流系统的影响范围有关,可达到中尺度范围。华北地区光化学污染严重,对流性天气引起的地面O3混合比抬升程度比较强,对环境的影响值得关注。 相似文献
4.
为了解闪电对对流层上部NOx的贡献,本文利用美国全球水资源和气候中心（GHRC）提供的1995年4月~2005年12月的闪电卫星格点资料及高层大气研究卫星 (UARS) 上的卤素掩星试验装置 (HALOE) 1991年10 月~2005 年11月的观测资料,分析了中国地区闪电与对流层上部NOx体积混合比的时空分布特征及两者的相关性.结果表明:中国地区闪电和对流层上部的NOx在季节分布、年际分布和空间分布上保持很好的一致性,闪电是对流层上部NOx的重要来源;NO极值高度在350 hPa左右,云闪直接产生的NO是极值产生的主要原因,NO2的极值高度在250 hPa左右,因为闪电产生的NO在传输过程中会被氧化成NO2并通过雷暴的垂直输送作用抬升到更高高度;强对流活动有利于NOx的传输,而人类活动产生的NOx一般较难输送到对流层上部,因此闪电多发区的NOx极值较大,所在的高度也较高. 相似文献
5.
为了揭示我国北方地区对流层中下层臭氧(O3) 的形成机理以及周边地区的污染输送对我国北方地区对流层中下层O3收支的影响, 在与外场观测数据比较分析的基础上, 利用全球化学输送模式(MOZART-2) 采用收支分析方法定量分析了影响我国北方地区对流层中下层O3的各个物理化学过程。结果表明:我国北方地区对流层下层O3最重要的来源是光化学生成作用, 约占总来源的58.3%(41.5 Tg), 光化学生成反应中HO2对于O3生成的贡献最大; 最大的汇是干沉降过程, 约占总汇的43.2%(26.2Tg); 水平净输送作用对我国北方地区对流层中下层O3收支的影响非常大, 在我国北方地区对流层下层, 41.6%左右的O3来自水平净输送, 随高度增加, 水平输送影响增大, 我国北方地区对流层中层大约81.5%的O3来自水平净输送。 相似文献
6.
为了进一步了解青藏高原闪电的产生氮氧化物（LNOx）经由光化学反应对O3浓度变化及夏季O3低谷形成的可能影响,本文利用2005~2013年由OMI卫星得到的对流层NO2垂直浓度柱（NO2 VCD）、O3总浓度柱（TOC）和O3廓线以及星载光学瞬变探测器OTD和闪电成像仪LIS获取的总闪电数资料,对青藏高原和同纬度长江中下游地区的TOC和NO2 VCD月均值时空分布特征、闪电与NO2 VCD的相关性和O3的垂直分布特征及其与LNOx的关系进行了对比分析。结果表明,青藏高原的O3低谷主要出现在夏季和秋季,其TOC值比同纬度长江中下游地区低约10~15 DU（Dobson unit）。青藏高原NO2VCD总体较小,表现为夏高冬低的分布特征。青藏高原夏季O3浓度受南亚高压的影响总体呈减小趋势,但因强雷暴天气导致对流层中上部LNOx浓度升高,并随强上升气流向对流层顶输送,同时通过光化学反应使O3浓度增加,缩小了青藏高原和同纬度地区的O3浓度差,减缓了O3总浓度的下降,抑制了夏季O3低谷的进一步深化。 相似文献
7.
利用2010—2012年对流层臭氧（O3）及其多种前体物的卫星遥感资料和全球水汽再分析资料,研究东亚区域O3及其前体物的时空分布,以及在中国东部（分为南、北两部分）相关性的季节变化。结果表明:东亚区域NO2与CO的对流层柱含量均表现为冬季高、夏季低的时空变化形式。O3对流层柱含量夏季达到峰值,冬季为谷值。中国东部的北部与南部地区O3与NO2均在夏秋季呈正相关,冬春季呈负相关。夏季大部分地区NOx的光化学循环反应对O3生成有积极的促进作用,冬季大部分地区O3的光化学循环生成受到抑制。O3与CO在北部地区夏秋季和南部地区夏季正相关性最大,无论是在北部还是南部地区,O3与CO的相关性在轻污染情况下最大,而在重污染和背景情况下较小,表明重污染气团向下风方的输送更有利于O3的光化学生成。O3与水汽在北部和南部地区的多数时间均呈较显著的正相关性,而在南部地区夏季和北部地区冬季具有较大的负相关性,反映出不同的环流形式、气团来源及伴随的天气条件变化对O3分布的影响。 相似文献
8.
通过分析成都平原城市群8个城市2015-2019年夏季地面臭氧污染特征表明,近5年夏季平原O3污染区域呈扩大趋势,成都市O3＿8 h第90百分位浓度和超标日数均为最大,雅安、绵阳浓度较低但上升趋势显著。利用PCT客观天气分型方法,对近5年夏季成都平原及周边的位势高度场进行分型研究,结果表明：(1)700 hPa臭氧污染天气形势为高压型,500 hPa为西风槽后和平直纬向型,100 hPa为南亚高压中部和东部型;(2)近5年夏季典型O3污染过程的高低空天气形势为西风槽后部、高压发展和高压控制型,污染过程期间成都平原多受到西风槽后西北气流或副热带高压脊线附近下沉气流的影响;(3)污染天气型具有高温低湿,小风强辐射,白天混合层高的特征。气流下沉增温和局地环流的作用抑制了污染物向高层扩散,促使边界层上部O3下传并堆积于成都平原地区。采用HYSPLIT后向轨迹模式和潜在源贡献法(PSCF),探讨了不同天气型影响下成都平原O3浓度输送的轨迹聚类和潜在源区。结果表明,本地和盆地城市之间的输送... 相似文献
9.
江西秋季一次区域性强对流天气过程的模拟分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用常规地面观测资料、卫星辐射率资料以及NCAR/NCEP再分析资料,采用中尺度数值模式WRF及其三维变分同化模块,对2009年11月9日江西的一次区域性秋季强对流天气过程进行数值模拟,探讨了此次强对流天气过程发生发展的物理机制。结果表明:(1)江西省基本均处于K指数大于36℃高值区,具备热力不稳定能量,K指数很好地反映此次过程的热力条件;(2)强的垂直风切变,为此次强对流提供发展的能量;(3)Δt850-500达到26℃,具有强垂直温度梯度;(4)此次强对流过程中,对流层中高层的干侵入可以向下伸展至700 hPa高度层以下,有利于对流不稳定能量在低层的积聚,对流不稳定能量的释放可以将低层的暖湿气流向上输送至较高的层次,加强了强对流天气的发生。 相似文献
10.
华北地区进入秋季以后,弱对流过程增加.为了提高秋季对流天气强度的诊断识别能力,选择了9月份发生在相似背景下,强弱不同的两个线型对流个例作了对比分析.结果表明,强对流发生在深厚的天气尺度上升区中(上升运动伸展到200 hPa附近),而且对流层低层环境大气的绝对湿度较大;而弱对流发展时,上升运动仅存在于500 hPa以下,边界层内的比湿只有5～7 g·kg-1,较强对流个例低2～5 g·kg-1.它们是导致对流强弱不同的主要原因.强对流个例深厚的上升运动源于低层辐合切变线、露点锋和高空槽的强迫,此外对流层上部的强辐散叠置在低层辐合区上空,有利于上升运动加强并向高层发展.弱对流产生时,冷空气侵入到对流层中层以下,造成下沉区的下边界较低,不能产生深厚的上升运动.这是强弱个例垂直运动伸展高度不同的动力因素.热力学条件差异主要在对流层中下层.强对流产生时,对流区内有能量聚积,CAPE达到1087 J·kg-1,而且暖湿层和对流性不稳定层伸展到600～700 hPa.弱对流个例,仅边界层相对暖湿,CAPE只有68J·kg-1.上述关于力和热动力条件差异研究结果表明,天气尺度上升运动伸展的高度、对流层下层空气的绝对湿度、暖湿层和不稳定层的厚度等可能是影响华北秋季对流强弱的重要环境因素. 相似文献
11.
Lokesh K. Sahu Shyam Lal Valérie Thouret Herman G. Smit 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2009,62(2):151-174
Tropospheric distributions of ozone (O3) and water vapor (H2O) have been presented based on the Measurements of OZone and water vapor by Airbus In-Service AirCraft (MOZAIC) data over the metro and capital city of Delhi, India during 1996–2001. The vertical mixing ratios of both O3 and H2O show strong seasonal variations. The mixing ratios of O3 were often below 40 ppbv near the surface and higher values were observed in the free troposphere during the seasons of winter
and spring. In the free troposphere, the high mixing ratio of O3 during the seasons of winter and spring are mainly due to the long-range transport of O3 and its precursors associated with the westerly-northwesterly circulation. In the lower and middle troposphere, the low mixing
ratios of ∼20–30 ppbv observed during the months of July–September are mainly due to prevailing summer monsoon circulation
over Indian subcontinent. The summer monsoon circulation, southwest (SW) wind flow, transports the O3-poor marine air from the Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean. The monthly averages of rainfall and mixing ratio of H2O show opposite seasonal cycles to that of O3 mixing ratio in the lower and middle troposphere. The change in the transport pattern also causes substantial seasonal variation
in the mixing ratio of H2O of 3–27 g/kg in the lower troposphere over Delhi. Except for some small-scale anomalies, the similar annual patterns in
the mixing ratios of O3 and H2O are repeated during the different years of 1996–2001. The case studies based on the profiles of O3, relative humidity (RH) and temperature show distinct features of vertical distribution over Delhi. The impacts of long range
transport of air mass from Africa, the Middle East, Indian Ocean and intrusions of stratospheric O3 have also been demonstrated using the back trajectory model and remote sensing data for biomass burning and forest fire activities. 相似文献
12.
Fabien Gibert Irène Xuéref-Rémy Lilian Joly Martina Schmidt Juan Cuesta Kenneth J. Davis Michel Ramonet Pierre H. Flamant Bertrand Parvitte Virginie Zéninari 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2008,128(3):381-401
A network of remote and in-situ sensors was deployed in a Paris suburb in order to evaluate the mesoscale evolution of the
daily cycle of CO2 and related tracers in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) and its relation to ABL dynamics and nearby natural and anthropogenic
sources and sinks. A 2-μm heterodyne Doppler differential absorption lidar, which combines measurements of, (1) structure
of the atmosphere, (2) radial velocity, and (3) CO2 differential absorption was a particularly unique element of the observational array. We analyse the differences in the diurnal
cycle of CO, CO2, lidar reflectivity (a proxy for aerosol content) and H2O using the lidar, airborne measurements in the free troposphere and ground-based measurements made at two sites located few
kilometres apart. We demonstrate that vertical mixing dominates the early morning drawdown of CO and aerosol content trapped
in the former nocturnal layer but not the H2O and CO2 mixing ratio variations. Surface fluxes, vertical mixing and advection all contribute to the ABL CO2 mixing ratio decrease during the morning transition, with the relative importance depending on the rate and timing of ABL
rise. We also show evidence that when the ABL is stable, small-scale (0.1-km vertical and 1-km horizontal) gradients of CO2 and CO are large. The results illustrate the complexity of inferring surface fluxes of CO2 from atmospheric budgets in the stable boundary layer. 相似文献
13.
上对流层/下平流层水物质分布与输送特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于Aura卫星微波临边探测仪（MLS）探测的水汽、冰水含量和温度等资料,对比分析了夏季亚洲季风区与北美季风区、暖池区以及伊朗高原上对流层/下平流层水汽、冰水含量以及水物质总含量（水汽和冰水含量之和）的分布特征,并探讨了不同区域水汽的输送过程。结果表明：在215-83 hPa高度上水物质总含量在亚洲季风区均出现了高值中心,且亚洲季风区水物质总含量明显大于北美季风区;在215 hPa高度水汽对水物质总含量起主要的贡献,而到了147-83 hPa高度,冰水含量与水汽对水物质总含量的贡献大致相当,亚洲季风区上对流层/下平流层水汽的高值中心揭示了反气旋对水汽的隔离作用。水汽混合比在147 hPa和100 hPa高度不同的概率密度分布反映出不同高度影响水汽输送的不同因素。北半球冬季暖池区100 hPa上空温度极低,水汽混合比峰值概率仅为2 ppmv;而在147 hPa高度上,亚洲季风区频繁的深对流使得大量水汽被输送到对流层上层,这是亚洲季风区水汽概率“长尾”分布的主要原因。在100 hPa和147 hPa高度,冰水含量主要集中在小值,可能是由冰晶粒子消耗水汽而增长到一定尺度后沉降造成的。 相似文献
14.
The infrared radiative effect of methane was analyzed using the 2D, interactive chemical dynamical radiative SOCRATES model of the National Center for Atmospheric Research. Then, a sensitivity experi ment, with the methane volume mixing ratio increased by 10%, was carried out to study the influence of an increase of methane on air temperature. The results showed that methane has a heating effect through the infrared radiative process in the troposphere and a cooling effect in the stratosphere. However, the cooling effect of the methane is much smaller than that of water vapor in the stratosphere and is negligible in the mesosphere. The simulation results also showed that when methane concentration is increased by 10%, the air temperature lowers in the stratosphere and mesosphere and increases in the troposphere. The cooling can reach 0.2 K at the stratopause and can vary from 0.2-0.4 K in the mesosphere, and the temperature rise varies by around 0.001-0.002 K in the troposphere. The cooling results from the increase of the infrared radiative cooling rate caused by increased water vapor and O3 concentration, which are stimulated by the increase in methane in most of the stratosphere. The infrared radiation cooling of methane itself is minor. The depletion of O3 stimulated by the methane increase results indirectly in a decrease in the rate of so- lar radiation heating, producing cooling in the stratopause and mesosphere. The tropospheric warming is mainly caused by the increase of methane, which produces infrared radiative heating. The increase in H2O and O3 caused by the methane increase also contributes to a rise in temperature in the troposphere. 相似文献
15.
穿透性对流是导致北半球夏季平流层低层南亚高压内水汽极值形成的重要机制之一,关于副热带东亚季风区穿透性对流是否对平流层低层水汽等物质分布存在影响目前尚不清楚。本文选取2016年的武汉暴雨事件,采用Cloudsat和Aura Microwave Limb Sounder（MLS）卫星数据,分析了东亚季风区的穿透性对流活动对上对流层/下平流层物质分布的影响。利用CloudSat卫星资料云分类产品和Aura MLS卫星数据联合分析武汉暴雨过程中捕捉到1次穿透性对流事件,该事件发生于2016年7月4日05时（协调世界时）的穿透性对流,中心位于海上梅雨带区域。分析表明,这次对流穿透事件对上对流层/下平流层物质分布有显著影响,穿透性对流活动影响到对流层顶以上的物质分布,具体表现是:首先,穿透性对流显著减少了局地对流层顶附近的臭氧含量,较之气候态对流层顶臭氧含量偏少32.53%;其次,穿透性对流能够增加局地对流层顶附近的水汽混合比含量,它通过更多的云冰粒子蒸发来增强局地平流层水汽含量,同时通过更强的垂直水汽输送来直接加湿平流层。此次穿透性对流事件对水汽变化影响较之对臭氧含量变化的影响更为显著,它使得对流层顶水汽混合比增加近乎一倍（98.15%）。因此,副热带东亚季风区的穿透性对流活动对于对流层向平流层的物质输送起着重要的作用。 相似文献
16.
This study examines the processes controlling the diurnal variability of ozone (O3) in the marine boundary layer of the Kwajalein Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands (latitude 8° 43′ N, longitude 167°
44′ E), during July to September 1999. At the study site, situated in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, O3 mixing ratios remained low, with an overall average of 9–10 parts per billion on a volume basis (ppbv) and a standard deviation
of 2.5 ppbv. In the absence of convective storms, daily O3 mixing ratios decreased after sunrise and reached minimum during the afternoon in response to photochemical reactions. The
peak-to-peak amplitude of O3 diurnal variation was approximately 1–3 ppbv. During the daytime, O3 photolysis, hydroperoxyl radicals, hydroxyl radicals, and bromine atoms contributed to the destruction of O3, which explained the observed minimum O3 levels observed in the afternoon. The entrainment of O3-richer air from the free troposphere to the local marine boundary layer provided a recovery mechanism of surface O3 mixing ratio with a transport rate of 0.04 to 0.2 ppbv per hour during nighttime. In the presence of convection, downward
transport of O3-richer tropospheric air increased surface O3 mixing ratios by 3–12 ppbv. The magnitude of O3 increase due to moist convection was lower than that observed over the continent (as high as 20–30 ppbv). Differences were
ascribed to the higher O3 levels in the continental troposphere and weaker convection over the ocean. Present results suggest that moist convection
plays a role in surface-level O3 dynamics in the tropical marine boundary layer. 相似文献
17.
Impact of intensity variability of the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone on the chemical distribution in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere 
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下载免费PDF全文 Kecheng Peng Jiali Luo Jiayi Mu Xiaoqun Cao Hongying Tian Lin Shang Yanan Guo 《大气和海洋科学快报》2022,15(3):100144
During the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) season, the process of stratosphere–troposphere exchange significantly affects the concentration and spatial distribution of chemical constituents in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). However, the effect of the intensity of the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone (ASMA) on the horizontal distribution of chemical species within and around the ASMA, especially on the daily time scale, remains unclear. Here, the authors use the MERRA-2 reanalysis dataset and Aura Microwave Limb Sounder observations to study the impact of ASMA intensity on chemical distributions at 100 hPa during the ASM season. The intraseasonal variation of ASMA is classified into a strong period (SP) and weak period (WP), which refer to the periods when the intensity of ASMA remains strong and weak, respectively. The relatively low ozone (O3) region is found to be larger at 100 hPa during SPs, while its mixing ratio is lower than during WPs in summer. In June, analysis shows that the O3 horizontal distribution is mainly related to the intensity of AMSA, especially during SPs in June, while deep convections also impact the O3 horizontal distribution in July and August. These results indicate that the intraseasonal variation of the ASMA intensity coupled to deep convection can significantly affect the chemical distribution in the UTLS region during the ASM season.摘要亚洲夏季风期, 平流层–对流层物质交换过程能显著影响上对流层下平流层化学成分的浓度变化和空间分布. 然而, 亚洲夏季风反气旋强度的季节内变化对其内部和周围地区化学成分水平分布的影响尚不清楚. 本文将亚洲夏季风反气旋划分为季节内强周期和弱周期, 发现当亚洲夏季风反气旋更强时, 100 hPa O3低值区的面积更大, O3浓度更低. 但是这种影响主要体现在6月份, 7, 8月的O3水平分布还受东南亚地区深对流的影响. 这些结果表明亚洲夏季风反气旋强度和深对流的季节内变化可以显著影响亚洲夏季风期上对流层下平流层的化学分布. 相似文献
18.
Effects of high CO2 levels on surface temperature and atmospheric oxidation state of the early Earth
One-dimensional radiative-convective and photochemical models are used to examine the effects of enhanced CO2 concentrations on the surface temperature of the early Earth and the composition of the prebiotic atmosphere. Carbon dioxide concentrations of the order of 100–1000 times the present level are required to compensate for an expected solar luminosity decrease of 25–30%, if CO2 and H2O were the only greenhouse gases present. The primitive stratosphere was cold and dry, with a maximum H2O volume mixing ratio of 10–6. The atmospheric oxidation state was controlled by the balance between volcanic emission of reduced gases, photo-stimulated oxidation of dissolved Fe+2 in the oceans, escape of hydrogen to space, and rainout of H2O2 and H2CO. At high CO2 levels, production of hydrogen owing to rainout of H2O2 would have kept the H2 mixing ratio above 2×10–4 and the ground-level O2 mixing ratio below 10–11, even if no other sources of hydrogen were present. Increased solar UV fluxes could have led to small changes in the ground-level mixing ratios of both O2 and H2. 相似文献
19.
Spatiotemporal distributions of δD in atmospheric water vapor based on TES Data during 2004–2009 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 The spatial and temporal distributions of the stable isotopes such as HD16O (or 1H2H16O, or HDO) and H2 18O in atmospheric water vapor are related to evaporation in source places, vapor condensation during transport, and vapor convergence and divergence, and thus provide useful information for investigation and understanding of the global water cycle. This paper analyzes spatiotemporal variations of the content of isotope HDO (i.e., δ D), in atmospheric water vapor, namely, δ D v, and the relationship of δ D v with atmospheric humidity and temperature at different levels in the troposphere, using the HDO and H2O data retrieved from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) at seven pressure levels from 825 to 100 hPa. The results indicate that δ D v has a clear zonal distribution in the troposphere and a good correspondence with atmospheric precipitable water. The results also show that δ D v decreases logarithmically with atmospheric pressure and presents a decreasing trend from the equator to high latitudes and from lands to oceans. Seasonal changes of δ D v exhibit regional differences. The spatial distribution and seasonal variation of δ D v in the low troposphere are consistent with those in the middle troposphere, but opposite situations occur from the upper troposphere to the lower stratosphere. The correlation between δ D v and temperature has a similar distribution pattern to the correlation between δ D v and precipitable water in the troposphere. The stable isotope HDO in water vapor (δ D v), compared with that in precipitation (δ D p), is of some differences in spatial distribution and seasonal variation, and in its relationship with temperature and humidity, indicating that the impacts of stable isotopic fractionation and atmospheric circulation on the two types of stable isotopes are different. 相似文献
20.
Hydrogen peroxide, one of the key compounds in multiphase atmospheric chemistry, was measured on an Atlantic cruise (ANT VII/1) of the German research vessel Polarstern from 15 September to 9 October 1988, in rain and ambient air by a chemiluminescence technique. For gas phase H2O2 cryogenic sampling was employed. The presented results show an increase of gas-phase mixing ratios of about 45 pptv per degree latitude between 50° N and 0°, and a maximum of 3.5 ppbv around the equator. Generally higher mixing ratios were observed in the Southern Hemisphere, with a clear diurnal variation. The H2O2 mixing ratio is correlated to the UV radiation intensity and to the temperature difference between air and ocean surface water. 相似文献