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1.
2015年春季我国主要气候特征及其成因分析   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1  
邵勰  柳艳菊  李多  王艳姣 《气象》2015,41(10):1292-1297
2015年春季,全国气温普遍偏高,季节平均降水接近常年同期。季内,我国华南地区降水阶段性变化显著。前期(3—4月),华南地区降水偏少,华南前汛期入汛偏晚,入汛以后(5月5—31日),华南地区降水显著偏多。分析表明,由于西太平洋副热带高压(以下简称副高)异常偏西,不利于副高南部的暖湿气流向华南地区输送,导致华南地区前汛期入汛偏晚。入汛之后,一方面,随着索马里越赤道气流的发展,经印度洋到达中国地区的水汽通道建立,由于副高偏西偏强,占据南海地区,导致水汽输送偏北;另一方面,与前期相比,春季后期印度洋海温偏高,有利于南海地区对流层低层异常反气旋的发展以及西南水汽输送的加强,此两种因素共同导致了入汛之后华南地区降水异常偏多。  相似文献   

2.
近50年东北冷涡异常特征及其与前汛期华南降水的关系分析   总被引:16,自引:11,他引:16  
利用中国气象局国家气象信息中心提供的1951~2004年中国160站华南前汛期 (5~6月) 月平均降水、气温资料、欧洲中心提供的ERA-40再分析资料和Reynolds海温资料, 对东北冷涡与华南前汛期降水进行了统计分析, 定义了一个前汛期东北冷涡强度指数 (NECVI), 并研究了前汛期东北冷涡异常年同期东亚季风、西太平洋副高、对流层低层的垂直运动异常特征和前期全球海表温度 (SST) 的先兆信号, 结果表明: 前汛期东北冷涡强度与华南降水存在显著的正相关, 东北冷涡强年, 前期东亚冬季风偏弱, 同期东亚夏季风异常爆发提前且偏强, 西太平洋副高位置偏南, 华南地区低层上升运动发展, 降水偏多; 东北冷涡偏弱年, 前期东亚冬季风偏弱, 同期东亚夏季风爆发推迟且偏弱, 西太平洋副高位置偏北, 华南地区低层下沉运动发展, 降水偏少; 前汛期东北冷涡与前期中国近海海温存在显著的负相关关系, 前汛期东北冷涡异常强年, 前期对应着La Nia的成熟阶段或发展阶段, 而前汛期东北冷涡异常弱年则对应着El Nio的成熟阶段或发展阶段.  相似文献   

3.
刘芸芸  王永光  柯宗建 《气象》2021,(1):117-126
2020年夏季我国天气气候极为异常,全国平均降水量为373.0 mm,较常年同期偏多14.7%,为1961年以来次多;季节内阶段性特征显著,6—7月多雨带主要位于江南大部—江淮地区,8月则主要在东北、华北及西南地区,致使2020年夏季雨型分布异常,不是传统认识上的四类雨型分布。通过对同期大气环流和热带海温等异常特征分析发现,6—7月,欧亚中高纬环流表现为“两脊一槽”型,东亚副热带夏季风异常偏弱,西太平洋副热带高压(以下简称西太副高)较常年同期显著偏强、偏西,第一次季节性北跳偏早,第二次北跳明显偏晚,且表现出明显的准双周振荡特征;使得来自西北太平洋的转向水汽输送偏强,并与中高纬不断南下的冷空气活动相配合,水汽通量异常辐合区主要位于长江中下游地区,导致江淮梅雨异常偏多。热带印度洋持续偏暖对维持6—7月西太副高偏强偏西及东亚夏季风异常偏弱起到了重要作用。8月,欧亚中高纬环流调整为“两槽一脊”型,蒙古低压活跃;西太副高也由前期偏纬向型的带状分布转为“块状”分布,脊线位置偏北;沿西太副高外围的异常西南风水汽输送延伸至华北—东北南部,形成自西南到东北的异常多雨带,与6—7月江淮流域降水异常偏多的空间分布有明显不同。异常的热带大气季节内振荡活动是导致8月中低纬大气环流发生调整的重要原因。  相似文献   

4.
通过分析气候背景,环流形势特征及西太平洋副高特征指数,得到:2010年6月玉林降水偏多的情况是在多雨的小周期中发生的;副高强度偏强、西伸脊点位置偏西、脊线位置偏南是造成玉林6月降水偏多的主要原因,热带地区对流活动异常活跃及南海夏季风爆发偏晚对降水偏多也有重要影响。  相似文献   

5.
郑彬  谷德军  林爱兰  陈静  屈静玄  朱泳 《气象》2023,49(12):1468-1480
通常La Nina年南海夏季风爆发偏早,但是2021年La Nina背景下南海夏季风于5月第6候爆发,较常年偏迟。利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,从热带海温异常(SSTA)和季节内振荡(ISO)北传的角度来分析2021年南海夏季风爆发偏迟的原因。结果表明La Nina确实使春季的西太平洋副热带高压(以下简称西太副高)减弱,特别是4月之前;但是由于热带印度洋海温在冬春季持续偏暖的背景下抵消了La Nina的影响,特别是在5月,La Nina的影响小于热带印度洋的作用,导致5月西太副高偏强,南海夏季风爆发偏迟。此外,受La Nina影响,4月西太副高偏弱,南海地区背景正压南风偏弱,〖JP2〗不利于南海地区赤道ISO的北传,这与气候态正好相反;随着热带印度洋SSTA的影响越来越显著,西太副高逐渐加强,直到5月下旬,背景正压经向南风才扩展到10°N以南地区,导致2021年南海地区赤道ISO北传偏迟,这也是2021年南海夏季风爆发偏迟的一个重要原因。热带印度洋和太平洋SSTA通过“竞争”共同对南海夏季风爆发产生影响,因此关注二者在冬春季的发展非常重要。  相似文献   

6.
2019年春季我国主要气候异常特征及可能成因分析   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
刘芸芸  陈丽娟 《气象》2019,45(10):1483-1493
2019年春季(3—5月),全国平均气温为11.5℃,为1961年以来历史同期第四位;全国平均降水量为148.7 mm,接近常年同期,但旱涝分布差异显著。东北、西北地区东部和华南降水显著偏多,而黄淮、江淮及云南大部降水异常偏少,其中云南地区降水量为历史同期最少。气温偏高和降水空间分布不均导致旱涝灾害并存。季内气候变化显著,表现出东亚冬季风环流向夏季风环流转换期的特征。春季(尤其是3—4月)全国大部地区气温偏高受到中纬度环流型的明显影响,乌拉尔山及其以北地区为负高度距平中心,而乌拉尔山以东到贝加尔湖地区为大范围正高度距平,这种异常环流形势非常有利于我同气温整体偏高。另一方面,低伟度大气环流则表现出对热带海温异常的明显响应,西太平洋副热带高压(简称西太副高)异常偏强、偏西及偏南,这基本决定了我国春季降水异常的空间分布型,其强度和位置不仅能够直接影响南方降水分布,同时通过与中高纬异常环流的相互作用,共同影响我国北方降水异常格局。进一步分析热带海温外强迫的影响显示,在El Nino衰减年的春季,热带印度洋海温的增暖对西太副高持续偏强偏西起到更重要的作用;而El Nino事件本身对西太副高强度的影响在春季逐渐减弱,对西太副高南北位置的影响增强。  相似文献   

7.
2013年春季我国气候异常特征及其可能原因   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
王遵娅  周兵  王艳姣  龚志强  王启祎 《气象》2013,39(10):1374-1378
2013年春季,全国平均气温较常年同期偏高1.0℃,平均降水量较常年同期偏多8.3%,但气温和降水空间分布不均,东北气温持续偏低,华北出现区域性气象干旱。分析表明:2013年冬春季北极涛动(Arctic Oscillation, AO)持续强的负位相;3和4月东北冷涡活跃,不仅频次偏多且强度偏强;同时,从2013年秋季开始东北地区积雪面积持续偏大,这些因子共同作用造成东北出现强的持续性低温。而2012年冬季以来西伯利亚高压持续偏弱,同时异常高脊控制我国北方大部地区,加之水汽输送不足,造成华北地区出现区域性气象干旱。  相似文献   

8.
2012年华南前汛期降水特征及环流异常分析   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
袁媛  任福民  王艳姣  孙冷  郭艳君 《气象》2012,38(10):1247-1254
2012年华南前汛期于4月第2候开始,6月第5候结束。前汛期降水经历了三个不同的阶段:第一阶段是4月第2候至5月第3候的降水集中期(锋面降水),江南大部和华南大部降水偏多25%以上,第二阶段是5月第4候至6月第2候的少雨期,华南中部和东部降水偏少50%以上,第三阶段是6月第3—5候的第二个降水集中期(季风降水),江南东南部至华南中西部降水偏多50%以上。对各阶段大气环流距平场的分析结果表明:华南前汛期开始后,偏强的乌拉尔山高压脊导致南下的冷空气偏强,偏强的低层副热带高压使得我国南方为整层水汽输送的异常辐合区,两者共同导致华南前汛期第一阶段的锋面降水较常年同期偏多;南海夏季风在爆发后偏弱和西北太平洋副热带高压(以下简称副高)持续3候异常偏北是导致第二阶段前汛期降水明显偏少的主要原因;第三阶段,南海夏季风异常偏强,副高南落并增强,以及孟加拉湾季风槽的偏强使得华南前汛期此阶段的季风降水偏多。  相似文献   

9.
2021年8月西南地区东部降水量为1961年以来同期第2多,比历史最多的1998年仅差0.9 mm,极为异常。利用西南地区东部118个气象台站1961—2021年夏季8月逐日降水资料及ERA5逐月高度场、纬向风、经向风、比湿和水汽场等再分析资料,采用拉格朗日水汽轨迹模式和现代统计诊断方法,分析了2021年8月西南地区东部降水出现异常偏多的主要水汽输送条件和水汽来源、造成降水异常的大气环流特征等。结果表明:2021年8月西南地区东部水汽的净流入主要来自于对流层中、低层,以低层的水汽贡献最大;2021年8月水汽输送路径有一定的独特性,以低层来自于我国东部地区的水汽路径的轨迹数量最多,与以往水汽主要轨迹和贡献来自南部路径的特征有所不同。2021年8月西南地区东部降水异常偏多与大气环流异常紧密相关,主是体现在500 hPa高度场上乌拉尔山附近和鄂霍次克海阻高异常偏强、中纬度低值系统(东北低涡等)异常活跃、印度低压偏弱和和西太副高异常西伸且强度偏强;大气环流系统引导下有利的水汽输送造成了西南地区东部降水的异常偏多。印度洋海温的持续偏暖可能是维持2021年8月西太副高持续偏强、偏西的重要外强迫因子;而同期鄂霍次克海阻塞高压的异常偏强可能与西北太平洋海温的异常偏暖有关,并对西南地区降水偏多起到了积极的作用。  相似文献   

10.
2011年初夏我国长江中下游降水的气候特征及成因   总被引:6,自引:3,他引:3  
文章主要分析了2011年初夏长江中下游降水的气候特征及其成因。结果表明:2011年5月长江中下游降水异常偏少,6月转为异常偏多,出现了明显的旱涝转换。长江中下游地区的旱涝转换主要受南海季风、东亚季风强度以及西太平洋副热带高压(副高)的异常快速北跳的影响。研究还发现,6月亚洲中高纬长期维持两槽一脊的环流形势,东北冷涡活动频繁,多次引导冷空气南下。同时,副高异常偏北、偏西,并出现多次西伸过程。由于冷涡的加强南压与西伸的副高相互作用,促使长江以南地区西南气流明显增强,使得冷暖空气在长江中下游地区交汇,最终导致该地降水偏多。  相似文献   

11.
副热带东南太平洋海温对东北夏季降水的影响及可能机制   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
高晶  高辉 《大气科学》2015,39(5):967-977
诊断分析表明,前期副热带东南太平洋海温尤其是前春海温与东北夏季降水存在持续稳定的负相关关系。无论是在年际时间尺度还是年代际尺度上,冬、春、夏季海温演变趋势与降水均呈反位相。尺度分离结果显示,关键区海温与降水的显著负相关主要依赖于其年代际分量,但年际分量也起到较重要贡献。相关分析和合成分析结果都发现,当副热带东南太平洋海温偏低时,其上空可激发出反气旋式距平风场,而在关键区海域西北部激发出气旋式距平环流。同时在所罗门群岛和菲律宾南部分别出现反气旋式和气旋式距平环流。西太平洋副热带高压(副高)位置较常年偏西,副高区为反气旋式距平环流。在东北地区西侧则为气旋式距平环流。在这样的环流背景下,副高西侧的南风加强了源自南海和西太平洋的暖湿气流和北方冷空气在东北地区的交汇,从而使东北夏季多雨。反之,当东南太平洋海温偏高时,其激发的气旋及反气旋距平中心和偏低年刚好相反,副高位置偏东,其西侧的南方水汽输送偏弱,同时东北冷涡也偏弱,冷暖空气汇合形成的低空辐合弱,东北降水因此偏少。这表明,副热带东南太平洋海温异常时确实能激发出一个从关键海区到东北地区的跨越南北半球的气旋-反气旋交替波列,引发北半球中高纬度大气环流异常,从而影响东北夏季降水。  相似文献   

12.
Severe flooding occurred in Northeast China (NEC) in summer 2013. Compared with the rainfall climatology of the region, the rainy season began earlier in 2013 and two main rainy periods occurred from late June to early July and from mid July to early August, respectively. During the summer season of 2013, the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) was located farther westward, which strengthened the southerly winds on its west side in the lower troposphere. Under this circulation pattern, more water vapor was transported to North China and NEC. Another moisture transport pathway to NEC was traced to the cross-equatorial flow over the Bay of Bengal. In mid–high latitudes in summer 2013, the Northeast Cold Vortex (NECV) was much stronger and remained stable over NEC. Thus, the cold air flow from its northwest side frequently met with the warm and wet air from the south to form stronger moisture convergence at lower levels in the troposphere, resulting in increased precipitation over the region. Correlation analysis indicated that the NECV played a more direct role than the WPSH. Synoptic analyses of the two heaviest flood cases on 2 and 16 July confirmed this conclusion. The four wettest summers in NEC before 2000 were also analyzed and the results were consistent with the conclusion that both the WPSH and the NECV led to the intense rainfall in NEC, but the NECV had a more direct role.  相似文献   

13.
王晓芳  何金海  廉毅 《气象学报》2013,71(2):305-317
利用日本气象厅历史海温资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、哈得来环流中心海表温度资料和降水资料,研究了1951—2010年中国东北地区夏季降水与前期西太平洋暖池(简称暖池)热含量异常的关系,并对可能影响途径进行了探讨。结果表明,中国东北地区夏季降水与前期暖池热含量有密切的负相关,前期10—11月暖池关键区(15.5°—20.5°N,125.5°—135.5°E)0—200 m热含量高(低)是预报中国东北地区夏季旱(涝)的一个很好的指标。前期暖池热含量异常激发的夏季东亚-太平洋型遥相关(EAP)和中纬度高层沿亚洲西风急流东传波列的存在,可能是影响中国东北地区夏季降水的主要原因。当前期10-11月暖池区热含量为负异常时,菲律宾反气旋异常持续存在,夏季东亚-太平洋遥相关型出现,导致西太平洋副热带高压西伸加强,中国东北地区局地异常低气压和鄂霍次克海阻塞高压形成。同时,高空存在沿西风急流传播的遥相关波列,使得中国东北地区局地异常低气压和西太平洋副热带高压在日本附近增强,有利于中国东北地区夏季降水偏多;反之亦然。  相似文献   

14.
2014年秋季我国华西地区降水异常的成因分析   总被引:4,自引:4,他引:0  
司东  邵勰  孙冷  王启祎  李多 《气象》2015,41(4):508-513
2014年秋季,全国平均降水量较常年同期偏多,其中华西地区降水偏多明显。季内,我国华西地区降水阶段性变化显著。分析表明,秋季华西地区降水偏多可能与热带印度洋海温偏高有关。印度洋海温偏高,一方面有利于西北太平洋地区对流层低层异常反气旋式环流的发展和东南水汽输送的加强,另一方面印度洋海温的偏高有利于印度洋地区对流的活跃和西南水汽输送的加强。在中高纬地区,贝加尔湖地区为异常低槽区,易引导冷空气南下影响我国华西地区。同时,西太平洋副热带高压强度偏强及西伸脊点的偏西,综合导致华西地区秋季降水偏多。而华西地区降水的季内变化与西太平洋副热带高压的异常活动有关。  相似文献   

15.
《大气与海洋》2012,50(4):295-306
ABSTRACT

Summer precipitation in the northern China monsoon region (NCMR; 35°–55°N, 108°–135°E) shows significant intraseasonal variability. The early-summer (June) and late-summer (July–August) precipitation patterns show clear differences in their formation mechanisms and the systems that affect them. We used empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis to investigate the two leading modes of July–August precipitation over the NCMR and their associated atmospheric circulation anomalies using linear regression. The results show that the first (EOF1) and second (EOF2) modes correspond to a pan-NCMR precipitation variation pattern and a precipitation oscillation pattern between North China (NC) and Northeast China (NEC), respectively. These two modes account for 22.1% and 10.1% of the total variance, respectively. The associated principal components (PCs) both have significant interannual variability with a period of 2–4 years. In addition, PC1 has significant interdecadal variability with a period of 20–30 years. Further analysis suggests that EOF1 and EOF2 clearly have a different relationship with the summer monsoon circulation system. In the positive phase of PC1, the East Asian subtropical westerly jet stream (EAWJS) shows a northward trend with higher intensity than normal the blocking high at mid- to high latitudes is inactive; and the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) is located to the north of its normal position. The NCMR is controlled by stronger southerly winds, which cause the convergence of water vapour, favouring more precipitation in this region and vice versa. In the positive phase of PC2, the EAWJS swings to the south of Lake Baikal. Significant positive height anomalies exist from western NC to NEC. Significant negative height anomalies occur to the subtropical northwestern Pacific. This indicates that the cold vortex in Northeast China is inactive, the WPSH tends to be weaker and located to the south of its normal position, and NEC (NC) is dominated by anomalous northeasterly (southeasterly) winds. The convergence (divergence) of water vapour in NC (NEC) favours more (less) precipitation in NC (NEC) and vice versa. Therefore, EOF1 is related to the large-scale circulation anomalies over East Asia and the northwest Pacific in July and August, whereas EOF2 is more closely related to the anomalies in the regional circulation over the NCMR and the subtropical northwestern Pacific.  相似文献   

16.
指出了中国东部夏季气候在20世纪80年代末出现了一次明显的年代际气候转型.伴随着这次年代际转型,80年代末以后中国东部南方地区降水明显增多,500 hPa西太平洋副热带高压西伸且南北范围变大,西北太平洋上空850 hPa反气旋增强.中国东部夏季80年代后期出现南方多雨的年代际转型与欧亚大陆春季积雪、西北太平洋夏季海面温度的年代际变化存在密切联系,它们也都在80年代末出现年代际转型.从80年代末以后,伴随着欧亚大陆春季积雪明显减少和西北太平洋夏季海面温度明显增高,中国夏季南方降水明显增加.文中分析了欧亚大陆春季积雪和西北太平洋夏季海面温度影响中国降水的物理过程,指出欧亚大陆春季积雪能够在500 hPa激发出大气中的遥相关波列,所激发出的波列可以从春季一直持续到夏季,造成中国北方为高压控制,南方为微弱低压控制,使得降水出现在中国南方.西北太平洋夏季海面温度的升高能够减小海陆热力差异,使得夏季风减弱,导致中国南方地区降水增多.  相似文献   

17.
Under the background of global warming, summer (JJA) low temperature events in Northeast China had not occurred for about 15 yr since 1994, but one such event took place in 2009. By using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, the 100-yr station temperature data at Harbin and Changchun, and the Hadley Center sea surface temperature (SST) data, this paper intends to reveal the cause, circulation background, and influencing factors of this event. Analysis of both horizontal and vertical circulations of a low-value system over Northeast China in summer 2009 during the low temperature event shows that anomalous activities of the Northeast China cold vortex (NECV) played the most direct role. A decadal cooling trend of-0.8 C (10 yr)-1 over 1999-2008 at Changchun and Harbin was found, which is obviously out-of-phase with the linear warming trend (0.2 C (10 yr)-1 ) over 1961-2000 for Northeast China in response to the global warming. The previous winter North Pacific polar vortex (NPPV) area index, significantly positively related to the observed summer temperatures of Harbin and Changchun, was also in a significantly declining tendency. These provide favorable decadal backgrounds for the 2009 low temperature event. Different from the average anomaly field of 500-hPa height for summer 1994-2008 in Northeast China, in the summer of 2009, the Arctic Oscillation (AO) showed a strong negative phase distribution, and significant negative height anomalies dominated Northeast Asia, Aleutian Islands, and North Atlantic. Furthermore, the negative phase of North Pacific Oscillation (NPO) in the winter of 2008 was obviously strong, and it maintained in the spring of 2009. Meanwhile, the SSTA in the equatorial eastern-central Pacific Ocean in the winter of 2008 showed a La Nina phase, but the strength of the La Nina weakened obviously in the spring of 2009. The abnormally strong activities of NECV in June and July of 2009 were related to the disturbances of stationary waves that replaced the original ultra-long waves over the North Pacific region in April and May 2009. The singular value decomposition (SVD) and harmonic analysis results suggest that the anomalous phase of NPO is an important precursor for summer temperature variations over Northeast China, and also a stable planetary-scale component that can be extracted from the atmospheric circulation in addition to the chaotic components on the synoptic scale.  相似文献   

18.
Using the NCAR/NCEP (National Center for Atmospheric Research/National Centers for Environmental Prediction) reanalysis and the NOAA Climate Prediction Center's merged analysis of precipitation (CMAP)during 1981-2000, we investigated the seasonal evolution of the southwesterly wind and associated precipitation over the eastern China-subtropical western North Pacific area and its relationship with the tropical monsoon and rainfall, and analyzed the reasons responsible for the onset and development of the wind. It was found that the persistent southwesterly wind appears over southern China and the subtropical western Pacific the earliest in early spring, and then expands southwards to the tropics and advances northward to the midlatitudes. From winter to summer, the seasonal variation of surface heating over western China and the subtropical western Pacific may result in an earlier reversal of the westward tropospheric temperature gradient over the subtropics relative to the tropics, which may contribute to the earliest beginning of the subtropical southwesterly wind. Additionally, the strengthening and eastward expanding of the trough near the eastern Tibetan Plateau as well as the strengthening and westward moving of the western Pacific subtropical high also exert positive influences on the beginning and development of the subtropical southwesterly wind.In early summer,the northward expansion of the southwesterly wind over southern China is associated with a northward shift of the subtropical high, while the southward stretch of the southwesterly wind is associated with a southward stretch of the trough in the eastern side of the plateau. With the beginning and northward expansion of the subtropical southwesterly wind (namely southwest monsoon), convergences of the low-level air and water vapor and associated upward motion in front of the strongest southwesterly wind core also strengthen and move northward, leading to an increase in rainfall intensity and a northward shift of the rain belt. Accordingly, the subtropical rainy season occurs the earliest over southern China in spring, moves northward to the Yangtze-Huaihe River valley in early summer, and arrives in North China in mid summer.Compared with the subtropical rainy season, the tropical rainy season begins later and stays mainly over the tropics, not pronouncedly moving into the subtropics. Clearly, the Meiyu rainfall over the Yangtze-Huaihe River valley in early summer results from a northward shift of the spring rain belt over southern China,instead of a northward shift of the tropical monsoon rain belt. Before the onset of the tropical monsoon,water vapor over the subtropical monsoon region comes mainly from the coasts of the northern Indo-China Peninsula and southern China. After the onset, one branch of the water vapor flow comes from the Bay of Bengal, entering into eastern China and the subtropical western Pacific via southwestern China and the South China Sea, and another branch comes from the tropical western North Pacific, moving northwestward along the west edge of the western Pacific subtropical high and entering into the subtropics.  相似文献   

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