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1.
GRAPES-GFS模式暴雨预报天气学检验特征 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1
本文采用天气学检验方法,对2016年度国家气象中心GRAPES全球数值预报系统(GRAPES-GFS)业务预报暴雨过程及2013-2015年部分回算个例进行了检验,并结合对比欧洲中期天气预报中心确定性预报模式(EC模式)和国家气象中心全球谱模式T639L60(T639模式)降水预报,梳理总结业务GRAPES-GFS模式预报性能优势和系统性偏差特征。被检验暴雨过程共38次,其中南方暴雨过程20次,北方暴雨过程6次,热带扰动或台风降水过程12次。依靠预报员主观天气学检验分析,从降水预报效果检验出发,结合主要影响天气系统和示踪物理量检验,梳理总结模式预报系统性偏差,以期全面发掘该业务预报模式性能。结果表明对短期时效内的降水预报,GRAPES-GFS模式预报稳定性较好,整体明显优于T639模式。但还存在诸如对对流性降水预报较实况偏北或对主雨带南侧暖区降水预报不足的偏差特征;另对弱高空波动背景下的对流性降水预报偏弱;而在降水预报强度大致正确的情况下,对降水系统南侧偏南气流控制区域预报湿度偏大,对副热带地区的低涡系统预报偏强。 相似文献
2.
常规降水检验受空间及时间微小差异所带来的"双重惩罚"影响严重,邻域空间检验FSS(Fraction Skill Score)方法在确定性预报中已体现出弥补这一不足的明显优势。随着集合预报分辨率的不断提高,集合降水预报同样存在与确定性预报相似的问题。本研究将FSS方法拓展至集合预报领域,构建适用于集合预报的降水空间检验指标EFSS(Ensemble Fraction Skill Score),利用欧洲中期天气预报中心(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, ECMWF)集合预报模式2018年夏季降水预报产品及国家气象信息中心提供的格点化降水融合产品进行分析,发现EFSS评分不受集合成员数影响,可获取一致性的评估结论。通过与适用于集合预报的常规技巧评分EETS(Ensemble Equitable Threat Score)对比分析发现,常规技巧评分受限于评分过低而无法有效反映强降水过程间差异性特征,EFSS方法则可有效提升强降水预报检验辨识度。 相似文献
3.
《气象》2021,(5)
网格降水的预报准确率是精细化天气预报业务的核心问题。利用多家数值模式和国家气象中心逐3h网格降水预报指导产品,以格点降水实况分析资料为参照,在客观评估模式表现的基础上,提出多模式和网格降水预报产品融合的降水预报释用方法。研究表明:给定降水阈值,不同降水产品的预报性能有显著差异,存在预报表现好的降水产品漏报,而其他降水产品命中的情况;对确定性单模式来说,在降水检验阈值给定的条件下,预报降水量超出阈值越大,其空报的可能性越低。检验三种降水产品72 h时效内逐3 h降水量,晴雨预报的降水漏报次数明显低于空报次数,基于该特性,可以利用不同模式未预报降水的格点来消除空报。以检验为基础,选用前期表现好的降水预报为背景场,使用高阈值融合满足条件的其他强降水预报产品,使用低阈值消除弱降水空报。回算表明,相对背景场,该方法可以同时提高强降水的TS评分和晴雨预报准确率。 相似文献
4.
基于欧洲中心中期天气预报(ECMWF)精细化数值预报模式产品资料,采用一元线性回归以及克里金插值,发展了北京地区智能网格温度客观预报方法(Beijing intelligent grid temperature objective prediction method,BJTM),并对2017年1—12月北京地区55个考核站进行检验。结果表明,BJTM对ECMWF细网格模式的温度预报订正能力有显著提升,日最高、最低气温预报准确率分别提高25.4%和11.2%。2018年1—6月的业务运行结果也表明BJTM预报产品的预报结果优于同期ECMWF模式、中央台指导预报及预报员主观预报产品。BJTM可以有效提升北京地区温度预报的精细化能力和水平,有较好的业务应用价值。 相似文献
5.
为实现中期降水预报业务客观、定量、自动化,在对欧洲中心和日本数值预告产品误差对比分析的基础上,采用欧洲中心(ECMWF)500hpa数值预报格点资料。以天气学原理为基础,以预报实践经验为依据,分析出各月份不同天气系统对我省天气的影响,在关键区选择天气学意义明确的物理因子,用MOS预报方法、PP预报方法、相似离度分析方法和天气学方法相结合,制做4—5月中期(72h—120h)降水预报,效果较好。 相似文献
6.
使用2013年1月1日-2016年1月7日全国气象站观测资料,应用准对称混合滑动训练期,不改变雨带预报位置和形态,基于模式降水预报订正结果的TS评分最优化及ETS评分最优化,分别设计最优TS评分订正法（OTS）和最优ETS评分订正法（OETS）确定预报日各级降水订正系数,对2014-2015年降水数值预报进行分级订正,并与频率匹配法（FM）对比。结果表明:在24 h累积降水的多个预报时效订正中,无论是对欧洲中期天气预报中心、日本气象厅、美国国家环境预报中心和中国气象局的全球模式降水预报,还是对4个模式的简单多模式平均,OTS和OETS较FM在TS评分和ETS评分等传统降水检验指标上均更优秀,其中OTS在所有时效均能提高模式降水预报质量,为三者最优。在概率空间的稳定公平误差评分方面,OTS在各时效、各单模式及多模式平均等方面优势明显。在预报员对应参考时效上,OTS在24~168 h的24 h累积降水预报中的TS评分也优于主观预报。 相似文献
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主客观融合定量降水预报方法及平台实现 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
随着天气预报业务现代化的发展,预报员面临气象数据爆发增长、服务前端需求不断提高以及客观预报技术广泛应用带来的挑战。传统以手工绘制降水落区为主的定量降水预报(QPF)技术流程已经不能帮助预报员在更高层面体现附加值。为支撑预报员在QPF流程中的核心作用,设计和开发了主客观融合QPF平台。该平台从海量预报数据选取、多源QPF集成、QPF调整和订正、格点化处理和服务产品制作五个方面帮助预报员控制数字化预报全流程。发展了多项关键技术支持平台的智能化,包括多模式QPF数据集构建技术、多模式QPF集成技术、QPF预报场调整和订正技术以及格点场后处理技术。基于MICAPS4系统,实现了主客观融合QPF平台的主要功能,发布了"QPF Master Blender 1.0"版本,并在2017年5月投入业务应用,取得良好反馈和效果。最后,对平台的未来发展进行了展望,包括发展数值模式检验评估工具支持预报员做出最优判断,研究多尺度模式信息的融合技术等。 相似文献
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《气象》2021,(6)
定量降水预报(QPF)是中央气象台最传统且最核心的天气预报业务,随着经济社会的快速发展对降水预报精细化程度需求越来越高,提升降水预报的精细化水平成为中央气象台面临和需要解决的首要问题之一。目前中央气象台制作和发布空间分辨率5 km,未来3天逐1 h时间间隔、未来10天逐3 h时间间隔的网格化定量降水预报产品,并发布雨、雨夹雪、冻雨和雪降水相态及新增积雪深度的精细化预报产品。本文围绕精细化降水预报技术这一关键环节,回顾了中央气象台在数值模式精细化降水预报、时空精细化降水预报技术、降水相态和新增积雪精细化预报技术以及精细化检验评估技术等方面的进展,并思考目前精细化降水预报业务技术发展存在的问题及未来的发展,以期为中央气象台和全国精细化QPF技术的发展提供重要参考。 相似文献
10.
该文利用日常业务应用的中央台精细化预报(CMA-thin)、中国T639、欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)和日本气象厅(JMA)4个预报中心的预报资料,采用均方根误差和预报准确率对各预报中心中影响道路结冰的气象因子进行检验分析。结果表明在72 h预报内在不同时刻起报场中,T639在08时起报的相对湿度效果最好;日最高气温、最低气温及0℃以下的气温预报准确率EC细网格最高;降水预报以JMA最优。该结论一方面为贵州中西部道路结冰监测预警预报系统的建设提供最优要素选择;另一方面使预报员在多个数值预报中相对信任某个预报中心的要素预报,缩短了预报员的参考和选择时间。最后通过2012年12月29—31日道路结冰个例进行对比分析,很好地验证了上述检验结论。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
13.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(4):227
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. 相似文献
14.
Connections between the Eurasian teleconnection and concurrent variation of upper-level jets over East Asia 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The variation of the East Asian jet stream(EAJS) associated with the Eurasian(EU) teleconnection pattern is investigated using 60-yr NCEP–NCAR daily reanalysis data over the period 1951–2010. The EAJS consists of three components: the polar front jet(PFJ); the plateau subtropical jet(PSJ); and the ocean subtropical jet(OSJ). Of these three jets over East Asia,the EU pattern exhibits a significant influence on the PFJ and OSJ. There is a simultaneous negative correlation between the EU pattern and the PFJ. A significant positive correlation is found between the EU pattern and the OSJ when the EU pattern leads the OSJ by about 5 days. There is no obvious correlation between the EU pattern and the PSJ. The positive EU phase is accompanied by a weakened and poleward-shifted PFJ, which coincides with an intensified OSJ. A possible mechanism for the variation of the EAJS during different EU phases is explored via analyzing the effects of 10-day high-and low-frequency eddy forcing. The zonal wind tendency due to high-frequency eddy forcing contributes to the simultaneous negative correlation between the EU pattern and the PFJ, as well as the northward/southward shift of the PFJ. High- and low-frequency eddy forcing are both responsible for the positive correlation between the EU pattern and the OSJ, but only high-frequency eddy forcing contributes to the lagged variation of the OSJ relative to the EU pattern. The negative correlation between the EU pattern and winter temperature and precipitation anomalies in China is maintained only when the PFJ and OSJ are out of phase with each other. Thus, the EAJS plays an important role in transmitting the EU signal to winter temperature and precipitation anomalies in China. 相似文献
15.
<p>PARTITION OF SEASON BASED ON MULTIELEMENTS AND THE DECADAL CHANGE OF SEASON DURATION IN CHINA</p>
<p>Using the multielements similarity measurement method and 1950–C2017 NCEP/NCAR gridded daily reanalysis datasets, we analyzed season duration in China during 1950–C2016, and we defined the element with maximum absolute sensitivity as the key impact element at each point using the sensitivity analysis method. The decadal change of season duration and its key impact element before and after 1980 were studied. The results indicated obvious meridional and zonal differences in the distribution of season duration for the 67-year average, and that the key impact element has the same distribution characteristics as season duration. In addition, complementary relationships were found between the durations of spring and summer, autumn and winter, and the cold and warm seasons. Of those, the complementary relationship between the durations of spring and summer was strongest and the regions of complementarity were numerous. The complementary regions of autumn and winter durations were found mainly in western China. In the cold and warm seasons, the complementary regions were widespread and the complementary relationship was generally weak. Comparison of the periods before and after 1980 revealed an east–Cwest difference in the interdecadal variation of season duration. Interdecadal variation in spring and summer was found concentrated in northern and western regions, while that in autumn and winter was concentrated in the western region. Areas of significant interdecadal variation of the key elements were found concentrated in northern and western regions, corresponding well with the areas of significant interdecadal variation of season duration.</p> 相似文献
16.
By using the gauged rainfall in 160 stations within mainland China and the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, the impacts of anomalous SST in Kuroshio and its extension on precipitation in Northeast China were investigated. The results show that a difference in the meridional circulation such as the East Asia/Pacific teleconnection pattern(EAP)may be responsible for the difference in rainfall between 1998 and 2010. In comparison with 1998, the anomalous meridional circulation pattern in 2010 shifted northeastward, and then the western subtropical high, the mid-latitudinal trough and the northeastern Asia blocking high also shifted northeastward, causing intensified convergence of the cold and warm air masses at the southern region and thus more rainfall in the southwestern region and less in the northwestern region. In 1998, the anomalous cyclone, one component of the meridional pattern, located at the Songhuajiang-Nengjiang River basin, resulted in more rainfall in the majority of the area. The results of observation and the model show that the difference in SSTA in Kuroshio and its extension under the background of different El Ni觡o events is the key point:(1) The anomalous warmth moved westward from the mid-Pacific to the east of the Philippine Sea during the central event, which led the heat resources shifting to the northeast in 2010; subsequently, a shift occurred to the north of the anomalous ascent and decent, followed by a warm SSTA in the region of Kuroshio's extension in 2010 and Kuroshio in 1998.(2) The warm SSTA in the Kuroshio extension causing the Rossby wave activity flux strengthened in 2010, and then the westerly jet shifted northward and extended eastward. A warm SSTA in Kuroshio and cold SSTA in its extension in 1998 caused the westerly jet to shift southward and weaken. As a result,the anomalous anticyclone and cyclone shifted northward in 2010, and the blocking high also shifted northward. 相似文献
17.
Understanding potential future influence of environmental, economic, and social drivers on land-use and sustainability is critical for guiding strategic decisions that can help nations adapt to change, anticipate opportunities, and cope with surprises. Using the Land-Use Trade-Offs (LUTO) model, we undertook a comprehensive, detailed, integrated, and quantitative scenario analysis of land-use and sustainability for Australia’s agricultural land from 2013–2050, under interacting global change and domestic policies, and considering key uncertainties. We assessed land use competition between multiple land-uses and assessed the sustainability of economic returns and ecosystem services at high spatial (1.1 km grid cells) and temporal (annual) resolution. We found substantial potential for land-use transition from agriculture to carbon plantings, environmental plantings, and biofuels cropping under certain scenarios, with impacts on the sustainability of economic returns and ecosystem services including food/fibre production, emissions abatement, water resource use, biodiversity services, and energy production. However, the type, magnitude, timing, and location of land-use responses and their impacts were highly dependent on scenario parameter assumptions including global outlook and emissions abatement effort, domestic land-use policy settings, land-use change adoption behaviour, productivity growth, and capacity constraints. With strong global abatement incentives complemented by biodiversity-focussed domestic land-use policy, land-use responses can substantially increase and diversify economic returns to land and produce a much wider range of ecosystem services such as emissions abatement, biodiversity, and energy, without major impacts on agricultural production. However, better governance is needed for managing potentially significant water resource impacts. The results have wide-ranging implications for land-use and sustainability policy and governance at global and domestic scales and can inform strategic thinking and decision-making about land-use and sustainability in Australia. A comprehensive and freely available 26 GB data pack (http://doi.org/10.4225/08/5604A2E8A00CC) provides a unique resource for further research. As similarly nuanced transformational change is also possible elsewhere, our template for comprehensive, integrated, quantitative, and high resolution scenario analysis can support other nations in strategic thinking and decision-making to prepare for an uncertain future. 相似文献
18.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
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20.
Characterization and source apportionment of volatile organic compounds in urban and suburban Tianjin,China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Tianjin is the third largest megacity and the fastest growth area in China, and consequently faces the problems of surface ozone and haze episodes. This study measures and characterizes volatile organic compounds(VOCs), which are ozone precursors, to identify their possible sources and evaluate their contribution to ozone formation in urban and suburban Tianjin,China during the Ha Chi(Haze in China) summer campaign in 2009. A total of 107 species of ambient VOCs were detected,and the average concentrations of VOCs at urban and suburban sites were 92 and 174 ppbv, respectively. Of those, 51 species of VOCs were extracted to analyze the possible VOC sources using positive matrix factorization. The identified sources of VOCs were significantly related to vehicular activities, which specifically contributed 60% to urban and 42% to suburban VOCs loadings in Tianjin. Industrial emission was the second most prominent source of ambient VOCs in both urban and suburban areas, although the contribution of industry in the suburban area(36%) was much higher than that at the urban area(16%). We conclude that controlling vehicle emissions should be a top priority for VOC reduction, and that fast industrialization and urbanization causes air pollution to be more complex due to the combined emission of VOCs from industry and daily life, especially in suburban areas. 相似文献