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1.
AIRS卫星数据集简介
1资料概况
2011年4月,南京大气资料服务中心从NASA戈达德地球科学数据和信息服务中心（Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center,简称GES DISC）引进了AIRS（Atmospheric Infrared Sounder）卫星资料,包括AIRS标准反演产品全球1°×1°格点日值数据集、AIRS标准反演产品全球1°×1°格点月值数据集。 相似文献
2.
借鉴美国CAPS开发的中尺度ARPS模式的资料分析系统ADAS,设计了基于GRAPES_Meso的云分析系统,实现了地面云观测资料、卫星云图、多普勒雷达反射率资料在GRAPRS模式中的综合融合应用。通过对登陆台风莫拉菲 (0906) 数值模拟检验云分析系统的性能。结果表明:云分析系统通过地面云观测资料、卫星红外云图、可见光云图、多普勒雷达反射率的同化,能够反演出合理的三维云覆盖状况;在三维云覆盖的基础上结合云底云顶高度,进而反演出云水、云冰、雨水、雪、霰等云微物理量,并显著改善模式初始湿度场;在台风登陆过程的模拟中,虽然对台风路径的预报有所偏差,但对比控制试验,在台风登陆地点、台风强度、路径的预报中云分析发挥了正作用;通过对云分析后初始场反演的雷达回波进行检验,验证了云分析的可行性与正确性,对整体的降水预报效果也有明显改善。 相似文献
3.
利用MODIS数据反演多层云光学厚度和有效粒子半径 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用卫星资料反演云微物理参数不仅有助于对天气变化的监测和预报,而且对人工影响天气的研究十分有益.目前卫星反演云微物理参数的算法一般是假设视场中只有一层云,但是实际环境中多层云出现很频繁.文中研究了多层云的光学厚度和有效粒子半径微物理参数的反演算法,主要针对薄的冰云覆盖在低层水云的多层云情形.算法利用中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)吸收通道和非吸收通道同时进行反演,在此基础上利用SBDART辐射传输模式模拟冰云覆盖在低层水云上的多层云对云微物理参数反演的影响,模拟表明反演时将多层云作为单层云处理会使反演结果产生较大误差.为此,文中提出了云光学厚度和有效粒子半径反演算法中要考虑多层云的因素,并设计了一套云光学厚度和有效粒子半径反演方案.该方案使用SBDART辐射传输模式建立不同观测几何条件、下垫面类型、大气环境等条件下以光学厚度和有效粒子半径为函数变量的多层云、水云和冰云辐射查找表.经过云检测、云相态识别和多层云检测后,在该查找表的基础上,对MODIS通道1和通道7的数据采用最小方差拟合法反演光学厚度、有效粒子半径.利用该方案对2006年7月12日TERRA卫星MODIS数据进行反演试验,反演结果与NASA发布的MOD06产品中云的光学厚度和有效粒子半径的结果较一致,表明方案具有合理性. 相似文献
4.
5.
GRAPES-Meso云分析系统的设计与试验 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
研究应用LAPS(Local Analysis and Prediction System)云分析方案,基于美国"风暴分析预报中心"开发的中尺度模式ARPS(Advanced Regional Prediction System)的资料分析系统ADAS(ARPS Data Analysis System),开发了GRAPES-Meso(Mesoscale of the Global and Regional Assimilation and Prediction System)区域中尺度数值预报模式的云分析系统,首次实现了地面云观测资料、卫星云图、多普勒雷达反射率资料在GRAPRS模式中的综合同化应用。详尽分析了地面云观测资料、卫星红外云图、可见光云图、多普勒雷达反射率多种观测资料对GRAPES模式初始三维云覆盖、多相混合比等云微物理因子以及初始场的调整。通过对2009年6月28日至7月4日湖南省一次强降水过程的模拟试验检验云分析系统的性能,对比分析表明:(1)云分析系统通过地面云观测资料、卫星红外云图、可见光云图、多普勒雷达反射率的同化,能够反演出三维云覆盖状况;(2)在三维云覆盖的基础上结合云底云顶高度,能够反演出云水、雨水、云冰等微粒,并显著改善模式初始湿度场;(3)云分析系统能够显著缩短模式的热启动时间,明显增大了开始几小时的降水量预报,对24小时的降水预报效果也有显著改善。 相似文献
6.
介绍一种基于图像熵和自动分割技术的卫星云图阂值分类方法,重点解决普通阈值法中阈值不确定性的问题。采用自动分割方法进行云图的划分,结合图像纹理特征信息,通过统计分析来确定具体的阈值。将该方法应用于2007年7月上旬淮河流域的暴雨过程,并与美国GOES卫星分层阈值进行类比,分析了两种阈值与地面实况降水间的关系。结果表明,该方法能够在卫星估算降水过程中增强对不同类型降水的识别能力,是一种有效的卫星云图分类方法。 相似文献
7.
利用卫星遥感对干旱进行实时监测和预警 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用EOS／MODIS卫星资料反演对地表覆盖的植被信息归一化植被指数（NDVI）和地表温度（TS）信息，通过建立温度植被旱情指数，对研究区域进行旱情实时监测，并应用GIS对旱情变化动态进行监测和预警，初步建立了干旱遥感监测与预警实时系统，能够快速反应各地区旱情发生发展情况，在业务和服务中有较好的应用价值。 相似文献
8.
采用红外窗区通道法尝试对FY-2C静止气象卫星图像上的不透明云的云顶气压进行反演,并结合MODIS反演产品和CloudSat/CPR雷达探测产品对反演结果进行对比分析。结果表明:（1） 对于厚实密蔽的云层,不透明云云顶气压的反演结果与MODIS反演结果一致性较好,特别是对于发展较强的对流云和厚实密蔽的多层云,易满足云层比辐射率近似为1的条件,可近似看作黑体;（2） 对于单层云和光学厚度不够厚的云层,反演结果更接近辐射中心,尤其是对于锋面云带暖水云上空覆盖卷云的情况,由于FY-2C对于薄卷云的检测不如MODIS细致,导致反演结果与MODIS和CloudSat存在一定偏差。 相似文献
9.
利用FY-2C卫星数据反演云辐射特性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文利用FY-2C静止卫星提供的可见光、中红外和热红外观测数据, 开展了水云光学厚度、粒子有效半径和云顶温度的云参数遥感探测理论和反演方法研究。基于FY-2C可见光、中红外(3.75 μm)与热红外(11 μm)通道辐射率对云光学厚度、 云滴有效半径、云顶温度辐射参数的敏感性分析, 提出三通道同时反演云的光学厚度、云滴有效半径及云顶温度的迭代方案; 通过个例分析进行了云参数反演试验, 并将结果与MODIS的云反演产品进行了对比, 最后对反演误差进行了分析。主要结论如下:(1) 个例反演得到的云参数与各通道探测数据有着较好的对应关系, 迭代计算标准偏差在允许的计算精度范围内(<0.89%), 反演结果具有合理性; (2) 通过与MODIS云反演产品的对比可以看到, 两者云光学厚度、云滴有效半径的均值和直方图分布都非常一致, 而MODIS的云顶温度比FY-2C反演值要高, 考虑到FY-2C的 11 μm通道测量的辐射值与MODIS相比偏小, 因此认为我们的反演方法与MODIS方法的精度是相当的。 相似文献
10.
东亚地区气象参数卫星遥感反演理论和方法研究I:ISPRM和SRRM 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
文中对10a来改进的同步物理反演方法（ISPRM）实践与发展进行了总结。在不违背先验信息和卫星测值之间独立的原则下,所做的改进都是针对这类非适定反演问题的欠定性（under－determinedness）进行的。由适定反演理论知道,正演是反演的基础,又是卫星辐射率测值输入和反演结果输出之间的桥梁。为了获得好的正演,就必须竭尽可能充分利用一切可以使用的先验信息,把非适定反演问题转化成适定的反演问题,从而通过Ridge回归或Bayes反演过程,把先验信息、理论模拟信息和卫星探测信息三者最佳地结合起来,以最大限度减少这类反演问题的欠定性对数值解的影响。 相似文献
11.
The Multivariate and Minimum Residual(MMR) cloud detection and retrieval algorithm, previously developed and tested on simulated observations and Advanced Infrared Sounder radiance, was explored and validated using various radiances from multiple sensors. For validation, the cloud retrievals were compared to independent cloud products from Cloud Sat, MODIS(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer), and GOES(Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites). We found good spatial agreement within a single instrument, although the cloud fraction on each pixel was estimated independently. The retrieved cloud properties showed good agreement using radiances from multiple satellites, especially for the vertically integrated cloud mask. The accuracy of the MMR scheme in detecting mid-level clouds was found to be higher than for higher and lower clouds. The accuracy in retrieving cloud top pressures and cloud profiles increased with more channels from observations. For observations with fewer channels, the MMR solution was an "overly smoothed" estimation of the true vertical profile, starting from a uniform clear guess. Additionally, the retrieval algorithm showed some meaningful skill in simulating the cloudy radiance as a linear observation operator, discriminating between numerical weather prediction(NWP) error and cloud effects. The retrieval scheme was also found to be robust when different radiative transfer models were used. The potential application of the MMR algorithm in NWP with multiple radiances is also discussed. 相似文献
12.
根据雷达探测的云回波雷达反射率因子和多普勒速度,利用两种独立的双频反演算法,估算了云微物理参数。利用离散偶极子近似(Discrete Dipole Approximation,DDA)计算了云滴后向散射截面和衰减截面,根据模拟数据实验了三种频段组合的反演结果,探讨算法对滴谱参数、粒子形状的敏感性,比较两种方法反演水云和冰云的优劣。结果表明:双频比(Dual-Frequency Ratio,DFR)和多普勒速度差(Doppler Difference of Velocity,DDV)在水云中都可独立推导中值直径(D_(0)),但在高频波段,基于DFR的算法对雨、云水和水汽的衰减非常敏感,而基于DDV的方法受衰减的影响较小。鉴于高频波段衰减完全订正的困难性,水云的DDV反演方法比DFR更直接准确。对于冰云,DFR的技术相较于DDV的方法具有明显的优势,因为两频段处的DFR在冰云中的动态范围更大,而DDV的动态范围相对于系统和测量误差较小。 相似文献
13.
Cloud microphysical properties including liquid and ice particle number concentration (NC), liquid water content (LWC), ice water content (IWC) and effective radius (RE) were retrieved from CloudSat data for a weakly convective and a widespread stratus cloud. Within the mixed-phase cloud layers, liquid-phase fractions needed to be assumed in the data retrieval process, and one existing linear (p1) and two exponential (p2 and p3) functions, which estimate the liquid-phase fraction as a function of subfreezing temperature (from -20°C to 0°C), were tested. The retrieved NC, LWC, IWC and RE using p1 were on average larger than airplane measurements in the same cloud layer. Function p2 performed better than p1 or p3 in retrieving the NCs of cloud droplets in the convective cloud, while function p1 performed better in the stratus cloud. Function p3 performed better in LWC estimation in both convective and stratus clouds. The REs of cloud droplets calculated using the retrieved cloud droplet NC and LWC were closer to the values of in situ observations than those retrieved directly using the p1 function. The retrieved NCs of ice particles in both convective and stratus clouds, on the assumption of liquid-phase fraction during the retrieval of liquid droplet NCs, were closer to those of airplane observations than on the assumption of function p1. 相似文献
14.
NUMERICAL STUDY OF REMOTE SENSING OF CLOUD LIQUID WATER CONTENT BY SPACE-BORNE COMBINED RADAR-RADIOMETER 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A retrieval method of microwave(MW)space-borne remote sensing of cloud liquid watercontent by the combined radar-radiometer is suggested.A three-layer cloud model is chosen torepresent the typical stratified precipitating cloud.The retrieval method mainly follows ourpreviously suggested scheme with some modifications.Numerical comparative study shows that inspace-borne remote sensing of cloud liquid water content by the combined method is much betterthan by radar only;Also the retrieval accuracy of cloud liquid water content may be improvedwhen using the three-layer cloud model in the combined method. 相似文献
15.
NUMERICAL STUDY OF REMOTE SENSING OF CLOUD LIQUID WATER CONTENT BY SPACE-BORNE COMBINED RADAR-RADIOMETER* 
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下载免费PDF全文 A retrieval method of microwave(MW) space-borne remote sensing of cloud liquid water content by the combined radar-radiometer is suggested.A three-layer cloud model is chosen to represent the typical stratified precipitating cloud.The retrieval method mainly follows our previously suggested scheme with some modifications.Numerical comparative study shows that in space-borne remote sensing of cloud liquid water content by the combined method is much better than by radar only;Also the retrieval accuracy of cloud liquid water content may be improved when using the three-layer cloud model in the combined method. 相似文献
16.
Research flights in November 1990 over the central parts of the United States, Wyoming and Colorado, were aimed to the investigation of the properties and microstructure of cirrus clouds (mainly cirrocumulus lenticularis). Among the other parameters measured on board the NCAR Saberliner were the concentration and size distribution of submicron particles and, in some cases, the particle deliquescence. For coarse insoluble particles found inside and outside of cloud elements, size distributions and morphology information were obtained by evaluating inertial impactor samples with an optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. In addition, the coarse particle composition was determined by x-ray energy spectrum analysis. The following conclusions from these measurements are:The large and coarse particle size distribution can be roughly simulated by a log-normal function with the modus around r=0.5 μm. Particle concentrations are very variable between several tenths and several particles per cm3. Particle volume distribution features a distinct maximum around 0.75 μm without a broad plateau which was observed in the case of sampling at lower altitude. Aerosol composition heterogeneity at cirrus cloud level is well documented by the evaluation of the fine particle sampling taken with the UMR sampling system. This heterogeneity can be partly explained by the interaction between aerosol and cloud elements, which is documented by the measured particle size distribution curves inside and outside of cloud elements. Assuming that particle deliquescence is caused by H2SO4 and/or by (NH4)2SO4, particle soluble mass fractions were found to be around 30% in the first case and about 40% in the second. The most frequently occurring elements in large and coarse particles at cirrus cloud level were Si, Cl, Ba, S, Ca and C. 相似文献
17.
Application of aircraft observations over Beijing in cloud microphysical property retrievals from CloudSat 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Cloud microphysical property retrievals from the active microwave instrument on a satellite require the cloud droplet size distribution obtained from aircraft observations as a priori data in the iteration procedure.The cloud lognormal size distributions derived from 12 flights over Beijing,China,in 2008-09 were characterized to evaluate and improve regional CloudSat cloud water content retrievals.We present the distribution parameters of stratiform cloud droplet （diameter ＜500 tm and ＜1500 μm） and discuss the effect of large particles on distribution parameter fitting.Based on three retrieval schemes with different lognormal size distribution parameters,the vertical distribution of cloud liquid and ice water content were derived and then compared with the aircraft observations.The results showed that the liquid water content （LWC） retrievals from large particle size distributions were more consistent with the vertical distribution of cloud water content profiles derived from in situ data on 25 September 2006.We then applied two schemes with different a priori data derived from flight data to CloudSat overpasses in northern China during April-October in 2008 and 2009.The CloudSat cloud water path （CWP） retrievals were compared with Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer （MODIS） liquid water path （LWP） data.The results indicated that considering a priori data including large particle size information can significantly improve the consistency between the CloudSat CWP and MODIS CWP.These results strongly suggest that it is necessary to consider particles with diameters greater than 50 tm in CloudSat LWC retrievals. 相似文献
18.
层析法微波辐射计遥感反演云液水含量的二维垂直分布 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
通过机载双天线微波辐射计的观测数据层析反演出云液水的空间分布是一个有限角度的图像重建问题。为提高这一反问题的适定性, 本文对已有的正则化方法进行了改进: 根据云液水的分布特征选择W1,2空间范数的离散形式作为正则项; 通过数值模拟试验确定双天线仰角的最优设置方案为 (30°, 90°) 等。为避免已有方法中对目标函数进行线性化处理而产生的模型误差, 采用L-BFGS-B算法对非线性目标函数直接求解。按照侧边界内云液水分布是否已知将反演模型分为已界模型和未界模型。已界模型的反演结果表明, 反演误差在8.6%～12.3%之间, 反演图像可以反映出不同云型的结构特征。敏感性试验表明, 影响反演精度的主要因素为投影数据的角度分辨率、 辐射计观测噪声以及侧边界云液水分布的不确定性; 受云液水含量、 正则算子特性及边界因素的综合影响, 不同云型的反演精度存在差异。为使微波辐射计探测云液水分布能够独立于其它探测手段, 本文针对未界模型提出嵌套反演方法。数值模拟试验表明, 嵌套反演方法可以为目标区域的反演提供足够的侧边界信息。 相似文献
19.
PAUL GLANTZ KEVIN J. NOONE 《Tellus. Series B, Chemical and physical meteorology》2000,52(5):1216-1231
In this study, we present a relationship between total accumulation mode aerosol mass concentrations and cloud droplet number concentrations ( N d ). The fundamental aim with the present method is to arrive at a physically‐based conversion algorithm in which each step in the conversion is based on real physical processes that occur and can be observed in the atmosphere, and in which all of the fields involved can be observed or modeled. In the last conversion (the critical part in the algorithm), we use measurements of the size distributions of cloud droplet residual particles for different pollution conditions. This conversion assumes that the size of the residual particles can be described with a lognormal distribution function and uses the Hatch–Choate relationship to convert between residual volume and number. The relatively sparse data set with which we have developed the present algorithm results in a course classification of the aerosol mass field. Consequently, uncertainties need to be recognized when using the algorithm in its present form in model calculations. The algorithm has been used on data from 15 days and the agreement between calculated and observed N d values is, with one exception, within a factor of 2 and for many of these cases also much better than a factor of 2. In addition to the results of the algorithm itself, we also present a least‐squares fit to the predicted N d values. To improve the algorithm in the longer‐term requires more data of scavenging fractions, particle chemical composition and density, and residual particle size distributions as a function of aerosol mass loading and cloud type. 相似文献
20.
Using infrared sensors to detect ice clouds in different atmospheric layers is still a challenge. The different scattering and absorption properties of longwave and shortwave infrared channels can be utilized to fulfill this purpose.In this study, the release of Suomi-NPP Cross-track Infrared Sounder(Cr IS) full spectrum resolution is used to select and pair channels from longwave(～ 15 μm) and shortwave(～4.3 μm) CO_2 absorption bands under stricter conditions, so as to better detect ice clouds. Besides, the differences of the weighting function peaks and cloud insensitive level altitudes of the paired channels are both within 50 h Pa so that the variances due to atmospheric conditions can be minimized. The training data of clear sky are determined by Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite(VIIRS) cloud mask product and used to find the linear relationship between the paired longwave and shortwave CO_2 absorption channels. From the linear relationship, the so-called cloud emission and scattering index(CESI) is derived to detect ice clouds. CESI clearly captures the center and the ice cloud features of the Super Typhoon Hato located above 415 h Pa. Moreover, the CESI distributions agree with cloud top pressure from the VIIRS in both daytime and nighttime in different atmospheric layers. 相似文献