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1.
为了评估二十面体网格全球模式MPAS和经纬网格全球模式WRF在中国区域的模拟效果,对比了两模式对2010年10月23—28日中国区域的涡度场、降水场、高度场和温度场的模拟效果,结果表明:在30和60 km准均匀模拟下,MPAS和WRF模式对中国区域500 hPa高度处涡度场的模拟效果都比较好,但都难以模拟出局地的涡度极值中心,两模式模拟效果相当;从第3天的日累积降水的模拟结果来看,两模式基本都能模拟出降水分布情况,MPAS模式模拟结果整体要优于WRF,WRF对降水中心的模拟要优于MPAS;MPAS对高层高度场和温度场的模拟较好,WRF对中、低层的模拟较好,且WRF的预报时效性比MPAS长;网格分辨率的提高对MPAS模式模拟效果的改善不大,而WRF模式的模拟效果得到了提高. 相似文献
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对2006年汛期AREMS、GRAPES、WRF模式的降水预报结果作每日定量检验和2006年汛期的主要大降水过程作定性检验。结果表明：WRF模式48h的预报效果要明显好于24h;各模式的小雨预报效果基本接近;AREMS和GRAPES对中雨以上量级预报时效主要在24h之内;AREMS在24h之内对中雨、大雨的预报效果好于GRAPES、WRF模式。定性检验显示,WRF对强降水的量级和降水中心落区有较好的参考意义;AREMS模式对系统性降水的雨带走向预报较好,雨带比实况略偏北,量级比实况偏小;GRAPES模式对强降水雨带走向预报与AREMS模式类似,但对各量级的降水预报范围偏大。 相似文献
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长江中下游汛期降水数值预报业务模式误差场预报研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
根据中国国家气候中心(NCC)数值预报业务模式(ONPM)预报结果,利用气候因子对业务模式的误差场进行预报试验。文中所用114项逐月气候因子在历年汛期前期总会出现部分因子异常的状况,在此基础上对因子异常的相似阈值进行数值试验,提出利用交叉检验平均距平相关系数(ACC)的大小来确定相似阈值的方法。依此选择影响该区域的前期关键异常因子,根据该部分因子的相似程度选取相似年,同时对模式误差场利用经验正交函数压缩维度,用前3个主分量对模式误差制作预报,针对业务模式的预报误差场,提出了根据因子异常挑选相似和压缩维度的一个预报方法。2005—2009年独立样本回报结果表明,该方法可以将5a平均距平相关系数由系统误差订正的0.22提高到0.47,具有较好的业务应用价值。 相似文献
5.
2014年第10号台风“麦德姆”登陆北上,对山东造成较大的影响。此文对业务上常用的各种数值模式对于“麦德姆”台风的预报情况进行了对比检验,重点检验了山东WRF集合预报系统对此次台风的预报性能。结果表明,山东WRF集合预报系统对于此次台风预报具有较高的参考价值。WRF确定性预报台风路径预报类似EC细网格预报,在23日20时以前预报较好,23日20时后预报最好的为T639。WRF集合预报对于台风路径预报具有较好的指示意义。WRF确定性预报02时、14时更新预报效果好于其前面6h起报结果,体现了HYBRID-3DVAR集合混合同化对于改进预报效果的作用。通过中尺度模式与其外层全球背景场模式预报对比发现,由于中尺度模式具有自身的物理参数化方案和同化系统,其对于台风路径的预报效果可以显著优于其全球背景场模式。WRF确定性预报对于“麦德姆”台风降水预报与实况最为接近。对于台风大风预报,WRF集合预报最大值最好。 相似文献
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基于EOF分解的中期平均气温距平客观预报方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文通过将500 hPa高度、850 hPa温度、海平面气压的预报与历史要素场进行EOF分解,并假定EOF分解空间函数(即特征向量)是基本稳定的,建立以EOF分解主分量系列的时间系数、预报站点附近基本要素值的时间序列与预报站点平均气温距平的多元线性逐步回归预报方程,结合ECMWF集合预报数值产品,生成全国范围未来10 d平均气温距平客观预报产品投入业务应用,并采用同号率方法检验。结果表明,客观预报产品在检验时段内,同号率平均值为0.77,明显高于ECMWF集合预报模式2 m温度直接计算得出的同类产品同号率0.63;该客观预报产品不仅在分布范围上,同时在距平幅度上预报效果均较好。此外,相关分析也证明同号率方法在检验中期时效气温距平预报中有其合理性。 相似文献
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运用基于历史资料的模式距平积分订正(ANO)方法,结合欧洲中心的ERA-interim再分析资料和0.1度分辨率的中国地面自动站与CMORPH卫星反演降水资料融合逐时降水产品,对高分辨非静力WRF模式的数值预报结果进行订正试验,检验了ANO方法对灾害性天气、尤其持续性强降水预报的订正改进效果。对1983-2013年7月中旬四川地区数值预报结果订正前后与观测和再分析数据的比较表明,ANO方法不仅在环流场的预报订正试验中有较为显著的效果,对模式降水预报结果也有改进,能够有效提高模式对强降水的预报精度和评分、减小预报偏差,其中对2013年7月8—13日高分辨预报结果的ANO订正试验发现,订正环流场各变量都有改进,其中位势高度距平相关系数ACC平均提高了7.8%,均方根误差RMSE平均降低了55.7%,降水(特别是暴雨以上量级)的ETS评分和TS评分也有不同程度的提高,并得到多年独立样本的高分辨数值预报订正结果的支持。 相似文献
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《气象与环境学报》2016,(6)
利用地面气象站和探空观测资料,对2013年8月16日辽宁地区特大暴雨过程数值模式预报的产品进行检验和对比分析,主要包括降水、500 h Pa位势高度场和副热带高压指数等。结果表明:一般性降水预报准确率T639模式整体优于EC模式,暴雨预报平均准确率EC模式略高于T639模式,T639模式和EC模式降水预报正负距平出现位置近似。多个数值模式对清原站主要降水时段(8月16日11—23时)的降水预报明显偏弱,WRF模式预报的全省3 h最大降水量远大于实况,T639模式和EC模式预报的降水量级均明显小于实况。EC模式和多模式集成72 h内降水落区与强降水中心位置的预报相对较稳定,过去15 d的滑动平均检验结果对降水预报具有一定的指示意义,72 h内EC模式的特征线预报一致性明显高于T639模式,对于辽宁省大部地区及上游高空槽附近EC模式降水预报的离散度小于T639模式。 相似文献
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本文基于数值模式预报发展了强对流相似预报方法。该方法采用对流参数作为相似预报量,对比当前预报与历史预报的相似物理量场挑选与当前预报最相似的时刻,并利用这些时刻对应的强对流观测权重叠加作为当前预报时刻的强对流预报。以NCEP/GFS预报场资料,对该方法的有效性进行了检验。检验结果表明,该方法对中国地区的强对流有良好预报效果。作为数值预报的有效补充,该方法具有以下几点优势:简便易实现,具有很高的可移植性:以对流参数作为相似预报量,充分利用了模式对温,压,湿,风等基本气象要素预报比较准确的优势;有效避免了对流参数进行强对流预报时的临界值选取问题,考虑了强对流发生的地域性,气候性特点。 相似文献
10.
用WRF模式对发生在南京市区的两次雷电过程进行了模拟,提取两次模拟过程在南京范围内的格点数据,分别做雷电潜势预报模型建模和检验两组样品。利用江苏省地闪定位资料作参考,选出49个对雷电单体形成有重要影响并且在两组样品中的平均值比较接近的强对流参数进行建模。利用建模样本对预报因子与变量进行多分类Logistic逐步回归统计分析,确定4个对流参数建立Logistic雷电预报模型,最终利用检验样品对预报模型的预报效果进行了检验。结果表明:WRF模式模拟出的强回波区域的形状和面积与实况的相似度较高,但与实况相比,整体向东北方向偏移。考虑此偏差后,建立的雷电预报模型的准确率达到67.32%,技巧评分达到0.466,具有较好的预报效果。WRF模式高时空分辨率的特点,使得其对雷电发生前的气象要素资料的获取更加精确,因此增加模式模拟的精确度,可进一步地提高利用WRF模式进行雷电预警的效果。 相似文献
11.
A new method for driving a One-Dimensional Stratiform Cold （1DSC） cloud model with Weather Research and Fore casting （WRF） model outputs was developed by conducting numerical experiments for a typical large-scale stratiform rainfall event that took place on 4-5 July 2004 in Changchun, China. Sensitivity test results suggested that, with hydrometeor pro files extracted from the WRF outputs as the initial input, and with continuous updating of soundings and vertical velocities （including downdraft） derived from the WRF model, the new WRF-driven 1DSC modeling system （WRF-1DSC） was able to successfully reproduce both the generation and dissipation processes of the precipitation event. The simulated rainfall intensity showed a time-lag behind that observed, which could have been caused by simulation errors of soundings, vertical velocities and hydrometeor profiles in the WRF output. Taking into consideration the simulated and observed movement path of the precipitation system, a nearby grid point was found to possess more accurate environmental fields in terms of their similarity to those observed in Changchun Station. Using profiles from this nearby grid point, WRF-1DSC was able to repro duce a realistic precipitation pattern. This study demonstrates that 1D cloud-seeding models do indeed have the potential to predict realistic precipitation patterns when properly driven by accurate atmospheric profiles derived from a regional short range forecasting system, This opens a novel and important approach to developing an ensemble-based rain enhancement prediction and operation system under a probabilistic framework concept. 相似文献
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复杂地形风场的精细数值模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
风能是一种重要气候资源,随着我国风电规模的迅速增大,发展风能资源评估系统和风功率预测系统已成为一项重要的研究内容。国内外对复杂地形风场结构的数值模拟有大量研究,随着计算机能力增强,以往用于空气动力学精细流场计算的计算流体力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)模式越来越多地在气象领域得到应用,人们开始研究用中尺度预报模式和CFD模式结合进行复杂地形风场的数值模拟。本文的耦合模式系统采用中尺度气象模式(WRF),通过嵌套网格到内层尺度(一般是几公里),然后通过耦合CFD模式Fluent软件获得高分辨率(水平30~100 m,垂直150 m高度以下10 m)的风速分布资料,得到精细化的风场信息。通过对鄱阳湖北部区域和云南杨梅山复杂地形的风场模拟,提供了风能评估和预报的一种可行的方法。 相似文献
13.
阴阳网格上质量守恒计算性能分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
质量守恒数值计算是球面准均匀阴阳网格构造全球大气环流模式的重要条件,也是提高阴阳网格应用质量的重要技术手段。本文针对通量形式平流方程,在球面坐标上采用多种理想数值试验对阴阳网格上的三种守恒计算方案和边界插值非守恒计算方案进行了比较检验。发现,质量守恒方案不仅对全球数值积分重要,还影响数值计算精度,满足局地守恒条件的全球强迫守恒方法可以获得较高的精度;网格内质量均匀分布的阴阳网格边界通量一致性守恒强迫计算方案,实现了在不增加计算误差条件下保证局地和全球守恒的目的,且具有很小的计算负担,可以作为阴阳网格上全球质量强迫守恒的有效计算方案;而网格质量的线性分布可以有效提高阴阳网格的数值积分计算精度,但在一定程度上会增加计算负担。 相似文献
14.
The impact of applying three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3D-Var DA) on convective-scale forecasts is investigated by using two mesoscale models, the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF-ARW) and the Hirlam and Aladin Research Model On Non-hydrostatic-forecast Inside Europe (HARMONIE-AROME). One month (1 to 30 December 2013) of numerical experiments were conducted with these two models at 2.5 km horizontal resolution, in order to partly resolve convective phenomena, on the same domain over a mountainous area in Iran and neighboring areas. Furthermore, in order to estimate the domain specific background error statistics (BES) in convective scales, two months (1 November to 30 December 2017) of numerical experiments were carried out with both models by downscaling operational ECMWF forecasts. For setting the numerical experiments in an operational scenario, ECMWF operational forecast data were used as initial and lateral boundary conditions (ICs/LBCs). In order to examine the impact of data assimilation, the 3D-Var method in cycling mode was adopted and the forecasts were verified every 6 hours up to 36 hours for selected meteorological variables. In addition, 24 h accumulated precipitation forecasts were verified separately. Generally, the WRF and HARMONIE-AROME exhibit similar verification statistics for the selected forecast variables. The impact of DA on the numerical forecast shows some evidence of improvement in both models, and this effect decreases severely at longer lead times. Results from verifying the 24 h convective-scale precipitation forecasts from both models with and without DA suggest the superiority of the WRF model in forecasting more accurately the occurred precipitation over the simulation domain, even for the downscaling run. 相似文献
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16.
This article describes a new general circulation model (GCM) developed jointly by The University of New South Wales (UNSW)
and the University of Hamburg. The model is versatile in that it can be run as a medium-range (1 to 15 days) global numerical
weather prediction (NWP) model; as an extended range (15 to 30 days) NWP model; and as a GCM for periods extending from seasons,
through annual and decadal periods, and beyond. The model can be coupled with ocean models that vary in complexity from simple
"swamp" oceans to complex ocean GCMs. The atmospheric GCM also has a number of novel features, particularly in the numerical
integration scheme which is a high-order, mass-conserving, semi-implicit semi-Lagrangian scheme, thereby removing the stability
restriction on the time-step and allowing efficient long-term integrations. The emphasis here will be on demonstrating that
the new model performs effectively on the usual measures of skill (statistics such as mean errors, root-mean-square errors
and anomaly correlations) in several standard applications upon which new models usually are assessed. These applications
include medium range weather forecasts out to 10 days on a daily basis over a one year period; a limited 10-year simulation
climatology, prediction of atmospheric anomalies using SST anomalies in an El Nino year; and an alternative two-way approach
to regional modelling (the "down-scaling problem") made possible because the unconditional stability of the semi-implicit,
semi-Lagrangian formulation permits large variations in grid spacing without changing the time step size. Finally, the model
is run on a variety of parallel computing platforms and it is shown that near-linear speed-up can be attained. This is significant
for both medium range NWP and very long-term GCM integrations.
Received: 28 February 1996 / Accepted: 30 July 1996 相似文献
17.
Large-Eddy Simulation of the Stable Atmospheric Boundary Layer using Dynamic Models with Different Averaging Schemes 总被引：5，自引：5，他引：0
Large-eddy simulation (LES) of a stable atmospheric boundary layer is performed using recently developed dynamic subgrid-scale
(SGS) models. These models not only calculate the Smagorinsky coefficient and SGS Prandtl number dynamically based on the
smallest resolved motions in the flow, they also allow for scale dependence of those coefficients. This dynamic calculation
requires statistical averaging for numerical stability. Here, we evaluate three commonly used averaging schemes in stable
atmospheric boundary-layer simulations: averaging over horizontal planes, over adjacent grid points, and following fluid particle
trajectories. Particular attention is focused on assessing the effect of the different averaging methods on resolved flow
statistics and SGS model coefficients. Our results indicate that averaging schemes that allow the coefficients to fluctuate
locally give results that are in better agreement with boundary-layer similarity theory and previous LES studies. Even among
models that are local, the averaging method is found to affect model coefficient probability density function distributions
and turbulent spectra of the resolved velocity and temperature fields. Overall, averaging along fluid pathlines is found to
produce the best combination of self consistent model coefficients, first- and second-order flow statistics and insensitivity
to grid resolution. 相似文献
18.
GU Jianfeng Qingnong XIAO Ying-Hwa KUO Dale M. BARKER XUE Jishan MA Xiaoxing 《大气科学进展》2005,22(3):415-427
Using the recently developed Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) 3DVAR and the WRF model, numerical experiments are conducted for the initialization and simulation of typhoon Rusa (2002).The observational data used in the WRF 3DVAR are conventional Global Telecommunications System (GTS) data and Korean Automatic Weather Station (AWS) surface observations. The Background Error Statistics (BES) via the National Meteorological Center (NMC) method has two different resolutions, that is, a 210-km horizontal grid space from the NCEP global model and a 10-km horizontal resolution from Korean operational forecasts. To improve the performance of the WRF simulation initialized from the WRF 3DVAR analyses, the scale-lengths used in the horizontal background error covariances via recursive filter are tuned in terms of the WRF 3DVAR control variables, streamfunction, velocity potential, unbalanced pressure and specific humidity. The experiments with respect to different background error statistics and different observational data indicate that the subsequent 24-h the WRF model forecasts of typhoon Rusa‘s track and precipitation are significantly impacted upon the initial fields. Assimilation of the AWS data with the tuned background error statistics obtains improved predictions of the typhoon track and its precipitation. 相似文献
19.
为了模拟球面平流传输过程,本文基于球面阴阳重叠网格设计了一种两时间层半拉格朗日平流方案.该方案在球面坐标下采用新型的LE水平跳点网格,同时针对阴阳网格重叠区,采用了不同插值方法进行比较分析,且进行了相关的理想数值试验对方案设计效果进行评估.数值试验表明方案设计是成功的,阴阳网格重叠区平流对插值方案比较敏感;半拉格朗日方案能较好地模拟球面刚体平流和变形涡旋的结构、位置及演变过程,并具有较好的数值稳定性和较高的数值精度. 相似文献
20.
The spectral global baroclinic primitive equation model described in Part I of this paper has been extensively tested. The model has been run daily from operational analyses for over a year. From this large sample of forecasts, verification statistics have been collected and compared with similar statistics collected from three competitive grid‐point models. The spectral model is also compared with the grid‐point models in a synoptic case study. A second case study demonstrates the effect of horizontal resolution and physical effects on spectral model forecasts. The results of these experiments demonstrate that the spectral model is highly competitive with other models, in terms of both accuracy and computational efficiency. On 18 February 1976 the spectral model became the operational Canadian large‐scale forecast model. 相似文献