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1.
本文在论证所谓“北方涛动”存在性的基础上,分析了这一现象与经典的“南方涛动”的关系和它们的性质,提出了”低纬度涛动”的概念。 研究发现,这两类振荡在低频域内具有相同的振荡频率,处于同一振荡系统内。实质上反映了印度洋和太平洋低纬地区三个主要活动中心——赤道低压和南、北太平洋副热带高压的年际变化之间的联系。 这个振荡系统,在气压场上表现为,横跨赤道南北各约30个纬距的东西向的“跷跷板”(seesaw)现象,且有以赤道为界的两个分量,即南方涛动和北方涛动。在温度、湿度场和低层大气稳定度场上,主要表现为热带太平洋上高温、高湿和强不稳定与低温,低湿和弱不稳定的交替出现;在云量场上表现为主要对流区的东西向位移;在海面温度场上为赤道太平洋增暖和降温的交替出现。它们之间通过热力和动力过程耦合起来,组成了全球热带海洋大气系统的振荡,这是低纬度大气环流年际变化的一个基本特征,我们称它为“低纬度涛动”。 分析表明,它的振荡周期平均约为40个月。为区别于40—60天的热带低频振荡,这一年际尺度的振荡可称为“甚低频振荡”。 作者用全球热带海平面气压第一特征向量的时间系数定义“低纬度涛动指数”,它能客观地同时描写气压场上振荡的两个分量,以及温度、湿度、云量和低层大气稳定度等的甚低频振荡特征。 相似文献
2.
本文利用1951—1980年逐季的平均值资料(共120个季)讨论了北方涛动和与其相联系的北太平洋海温与北半球海平面气压场、500hPa位势高度场遥相关的基本结构,并与南方涛动和赤道东太平洋海温的结果进行了对比分析.发现北太平洋Namias海区和加利福尼亚海流区海温的变化与北方涛动具有很密切的联系;北方涛动和这两个海区的海温同北半球中高纬度大气环流特别是PNA型和NAO型环流异常存在明显的遥相关关系;南方涛动和赤道太平洋海温同WP型或NPO型环流异常关系比较密切,而与PNA型和NAO型的关系不如北方涛动和Namias海区及加利福尼亚海流区海温的显著. 相似文献
3.
近来计算机功能和气候模拟能力的进步,为一些模拟小组提供了进行全球海-气耦合气候模式长期积分的可能,为研究在南方涛动和厄尔尼诺现象形成过程中有重要意义的耦合过程创造了条件。本文给出了美国大气研究中心(NCAR)的耦合模式,该模式由全球大气环流谱模式(分辨率为R15)与经纬度间隔为5度的4层全球海洋大环流模式耦合而成。尽管该模式网格较粗糙,但在该耦合模式中具有南方涛动型年变率的固有特征。南方涛动周期的奥秘之一就是它如何使热带太平洋海表温度(SST)由冷变暖而又在春季(北半球)恢复正常。NCAR的耦合模式表明,东太平洋季平均环流的调整导致了该地区冷暖事件的爆发和消亡。该模式的作用机制包括海平面气压(SLP)、海表温度、海表凤应力、海水上翻及对流降水的耦合季距平,这些耦合距平是由于东太平洋海陆差别造成的,与北半球冬季南美海平面气压场(SLP)季节性低压的发展及其(在北半球春季)随太阳作用向西北方向季节循环的移动有关。随着时间的推移,这些距平区出现在热带太平洋最西部并同全球范围的距平分布相联系,它在某些方面类似于所观测到的冷暖事件——南方涛动的两个极值。实测的长期平均季循环中也存在类似的耦合过程组,而且东赤道太平洋的年际变化事件被证明是相似于耦合模式实测值的平均季节循环的调整。降低本模式的耦合程度(通过减弱大气风应力作用的强度)会减少季节的和年际距平特征。如果本模式不考虑太阳作用的季节变化,则会改变冷暖事件的性质和正常的演变规律。由于本模式未能模拟西太平洋的任何实测现象,所以它所模拟的大概只涉及厄尔尼诺-南方涛动几种可能的机制之一。 相似文献
4.
冬季热带西太平洋MJO活动强弱年的环境场特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用1948—2011年NCEP等再分析资料,采用合成分析等方法对比分析了冬季(冬半年)热带西太平洋MJO(Madden-Julian Oscillation)活动强、弱年的环境场特征。结果表明,冬季热带西太平洋MJO的活动具有显著的年际和年代际变化。MJO活动强年,对流层低层在菲律宾以东洋面上空有异常气旋式环流,赤道东太平洋上空为较强的东风距平,赤道印度洋到赤道西太平洋上空是异常西风,西太平洋地区有较强辐合,从而导致热带西太平洋地区积云对流活动显著加强;而MJO活动弱年的环流特征相反。热带MJO以东传为主,有少量西传波动。在MJO活动强年,无论东传还是西传其时空谱值都显著大于MJO活动弱年,其中心频率较MJO活动弱年偏高。MJO活动的异常和海温及东亚冬季风紧密相连,在MJO活动强年,海平面气压和500 hPa位势高度异常场表现为中高纬度的正异常和低纬地区的负异常,东亚冬季风活动偏强,中国大陆中部气温普遍偏低,同时,黄河以南长江以北地区降水偏多,而长江以南地区降水偏少;台湾附近海域受强东亚冬季风影响,海表温度偏低,东太平洋上海温距平呈现La Ni?a型的异常分布,而在MJO活动弱年上述特征基本相反。 相似文献
5.
基于1979—2008年NCEP/CFSR再分析耦合数据集,研究了冬季MJO对ENSO事件的影响。结果表明,在年际时间尺度以及长期的年代际时间尺度上,热带印度洋MJO活动的强弱性都可以影响热带中东太平洋ENSO事件的发生和发展。在年际时间尺度上,ENSO发生前期征兆的赤道中东太平洋的西风爆发事件(Westerly Wind Burst,WWB),作为MJO影响ENSO的主要途径,存在着显著的次季节时间尺度的变化。相对于气候平均的赤道太平洋西部暖池区上升而东部下沉的Walker环流,MJO正位相东传后的西风异常,减弱了低层东风和赤道东太平洋海水上翻。这一上升海流的减弱导致了中东赤道太平洋的海温升高,从而有利于ENSO暖海温事件的发生。而在年代际时间尺度上,MJO范围和强度在1998年前后出现了明显的转变,1998年之前MJO的东移范围更东,强度更强,从而导致了西太平洋西风爆发区的次季节西风异常事件更加显著,在Bjeknes正反馈机制下对应了年代际时间尺度下的强尼诺事件出现,1998年之后则与之相反。冬季MJO对ENSO影响的这一年代际特征主要体现在晚冬季节,而在早冬伴随着印度洋的增暖,MJO强度一直在逐年增加。 相似文献
6.
二十年代初和八十年代初Walker和陈烈庭分别提出南方涛动(SO)和北方涛动(NO)的概念。八十年代末,符淙斌等从全球热带角度考察所谓北方涛动的存在及其与经典南方涛动的关系,结果证实了赤道两c侧反相气压振荡现象的存在,还发现低层大气中湿度、稳定度、云量、海面温度和海流等方面也存在类似于SO、NO的甚低频振荡现象,并把这种现象看作是热带海洋—大气系统的一个整体。除气压场外并不存在以赤道为对称的分支现象,从而提出了“低纬度涛动(LLO)”的概念。本文通过对全球热带地区几个主要等压面高度场及海温场EOF展开的头几个主要特征向量场的分析,发现热带低空大气具有东、西向振荡的特点(即低纬度涛动现象),而高空大气则以高低纬度之间的振荡为主,显示出与低空大气不同的特征。此外,E1Nino现象对高低空大气的影响程序和强度也不尽相同。 相似文献
7.
运用自然正交分解方法（EOF）提取了北半球冬季热带外地区标准化纬向平均纬向风场的前两个模态。第1模态（方差贡献为34%）表现为中高纬带的西风（东风）异常和中纬带的东风（西风）异常,与之相联系的海平面气压场的异常表现为极区与中高纬度地区海平面气压场的反位相变化,即北极涛动（AO）;第2模态（方差贡献为21%）表现为中纬带的西风（东风）异常和中低纬带的东风（西风）异常,与之相联系的海平面气压场的异常表现为副极地地区与副热带地区海平面气压场的反位相变化,即副热带涛动STO（sub-tropical oscillation）。副热带涛动的水平结构表现出较强的纬向对称性,垂直方向上表现出相当正压性;与副热带涛动正位相相联系的纬向平均温度场表现为中高纬度地区负异常和副热带地区正异常,而且费雷尔环流加强南移。副热带涛动不仅在冬季有所表现,而且在整个冬半年（11月—翌年4月）都有所表现,但在夏半年则不存在。 相似文献
8.
贵州夏旱成因初步分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文使用1951～1990年北半球500百帕和100百帕高度场及850百帕和200百帕赤道附近风场、500百帕地转西风、太平洋海水表层温度，厄尔尼诺现象、南方涛动以及西风环流指数、副高特征参量等对我省夏旱成因进行分析，其结果表明：贵州夏旱与南亚高压、副热带高压、南海台风均有较好的一致性，与越赤道气流有着密切关系．我省夏季降水与海洋和大气的相互影响有关系，通过厄尔尼诺现象和南方涛动两种不同介质。当南方涛动指数为负值时，垂直的南——北向哈特菜环流加强，南半球的大气环流相对角动量通过经向环流向北半球输送，从而西北太平洋副热带高压面积指数增大．反之亦然． 相似文献
9.
利用国家气候中心气候诊断资料和美国ＣＡＣ和澳大利亚ＮＣＣ资料，对１９９５年热带太平洋海域的海平面高度，南方涛动指数、高、低层纬向风，射出长波辐射，海温等物理量的分布及其演特征进行分析，为短期气候预测提供了大尺度的海－气环境背景。 相似文献
10.
利用国家气候中心气候诊断资料和美国ＣＡＣ和澳大利亚ＮＣＣ资料，对１９９５年热带太平洋海域的海平面高度，南方涛动指数，高、低层纬向风，射出长波辐射，海温等物理量的分布及其演变特征进行了分析，为短期气候预测提供了大尺度的海－气环境背景。 相似文献
11.
S.-I. An 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2005,81(1-2):121-132
Summary In this study, it is demonstrated that the amplitude of the equatorial upper-ocean zonal current anomaly induced by the fast-varying wind forcing (shorter than a year) is much greater than that induced by the slowly varying wind forcing (longer than 2 year), and the center of maximum zonal current anomaly shifts from the central Pacific to the western Pacific with an increase in the timescale of wind forcing. As a result, the zonal advective feedback (the zonal advection of mean sea surface temperature by anomalous current) in a slowly varying climate system becomes weaker and barely induces a low-frequency mode such as El Niño-Southern Oscillation. On the other hand, both amplitude and zonal location of the maximum thermocline anomaly are little changed by the change in the timescale of wind forcing – confined at the strong equatorial upwelling region of the eastern Pacific. Accordingly, the thermocline feedback (the vertical advection of anomalous subsurface temperature by the mean upwelling) is more favorable to generate a low-frequency mode.The relative roles of these two feedbacks are further explored under the coupled-system context. The eigen analysis of the stripped-down version of an intermediate ocean-atmosphere coupled model shows that by altering the regime space from the weakly coupled to the strongly coupled, the dominant process that leads the leading eigen mode changes from the zonal advective feedback to the thermocline feedback, and at the same time the frequency of the leading mode also changes from the high-frequency to the low-frequency. It implies that each feedback tends to favor the different timescale coupled mode. 相似文献
12.
The Southern Oscillation is a major component in the interannual variations of global climate. The Oregon State University global climate model, with a dynamically interactive upper ocean, reproduces in qualitatively correct fashion some of the major characteristics of the Southern Oscillation. This model simulates the observed anti-correlation of annually averaged sea-level pressure (SLP) between the eastern Pacific and the Indonesian region, the primary atmospheric signal of the Southern Oscillation. In the composite of the simulated warm events positive sea-surface temperature (SST) anomalies expand eastward towards South America from the tropical western Pacific during the first half of the calendar year. The SST anomalies develop in conjunction with eastward mixed layer current anomalies in the tropical Pacific. In the late summer and early fall anomalously warm water near South America develops and moves westward to merge with the central Pacific anomalies. This lagged development in the eastern Pacific is analogous to the evolution of the 1982/83 and 1986/87 El Ninos. The temperature of the thermocline layer also increases, with the slope of the equatorial Pacific thermocline decreasing in response to the relaxation of the surface forcing. Enhanced precipitation occurs in the mid-Pacific while in the Indian and Australian monsoon regions a deficit occurs. The peak of the warm phase occurs in late northern fall/early winter, somewhat earlier than during observed El Ninos. The cold phase of the Southern Oscillation, enhancement of the zonal circulation, evolves in a fashion similar to the warm phase with the signs of the anomalies reversed, similar to observations. Occurrence of Southern Oscillation in this coarse resolution GCM indicates that high resolution ocean waves do not play a crucial role in the generation of this phenomenon as suggested by Pacific basin models. These results also show that ocean-atmosphere global climate models are useful tools for investigation of time dependent changes on the interannual timescale in addition to their hitherto accepted use for studying equilibrium properties of climate. 相似文献
13.
D. J. Bernie E. Guilyardi G. Madec J. M. Slingo S. J. Woolnough J. Cole 《Climate Dynamics》2008,31(7-8):909-925
Coupled ocean atmosphere general circulation models (GCM) are typically coupled once every 24 h, excluding the diurnal cycle from the upper ocean. Previous studies attempting to examine the role of the diurnal cycle of the upper ocean and particularly of diurnal SST variability have used models unable to resolve the processes of interest. In part 1 of this study a high vertical resolution ocean GCM configuration with modified physics was developed that could resolve the diurnal cycle in the upper ocean. In this study it is coupled every 3 h to atmospheric GCM to examine the sensitivity of the mean climate simulation and aspects of its variability to the inclusion of diurnal ocean-atmosphere coupling. The inclusion of the diurnal cycle leads to a tropics wide increase in mean sea surface temperature (SST), with the strongest signal being across the equatorial Pacific where the warming increases from 0.2°C in the central and western Pacific to over 0.3°C in the eastern equatorial Pacific. Much of this warming is shown to be a direct consequence of the rectification of daily mean SST by the diurnal variability of SST. The warming of the equatorial Pacific leads to a redistribution of precipitation from the Inter tropical convergence zone (ITCZ) toward the equator. In the western Pacific there is an increase in precipitation between Papa new guinea and 170°E of up to 1.2 mm/day, improving the simulation compared to climatology. Pacific sub tropical cells are increased in strength by about 10%, in line with results of part 1 of this study, due to the modification of the exchange of momentum between the equatorially divergent Ekman currents and the geostropic convergence at depth, effectively increasing the dynamical response of the tropical Pacific to zonal wind stresses. During the spring relaxation of the Pacific trade winds, a large diurnal cycle of SST increases the seasonal warming of the equatorial Pacific. When the trade winds then re-intensify, the increase in the dynamical response of the ocean leads to a stronger equatorial upwelling. These two processes both lead to stronger seasonal basin scale feedbacks in the coupled system, increasing the strength of the seasonal cycle of the tropical Pacific sector by around 10%. This means that the diurnal cycle in the upper ocean plays a part in the coupled feedbacks between ocean and atmosphere that maintain the basic state and the timing of the seasonal cycle of SST and trade winds in the tropical Pacific. The Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) is examined by use of a large scale MJO index, lag correlations and composites of events. The inclusion of the diurnal cycle leads to a reduction in overall MJO activity. Precipitation composites show that the MJO is stronger and more coherent when the diurnal cycle of coupling is resolved, with the propagation and different phases being far more distinct both locally and to larger lead times across the tropical Indo-Pacific. Part one of this study showed that that diurnal variability of SST is modulated by the MJO and therefore increases the intraseasonal SST response to the different phases of the MJO. Precipitation-based composites of SST variability confirm this increase in the coupled simulations. It is argued that including this has increased the thermodynamical coupling of the ocean and atmosphere on the timescale of the MJO (20–100 days), accounting for the improvement in the MJO strength and coherency seen in composites of precipitation and SST. These results show that the diurnal cycle of ocean–atmosphere interaction has profound impact on a range of up-scale variability in the tropical climate and as such, it is an important feature of the modelled climate system which is currently either neglected or poorly resolved in state of the art coupled models. 相似文献
14.
In this study, the impacts of the tropical Pacific–Indian Ocean associated mode (PIOAM) on Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) activity were investigated using reanalysis data. In the positive (negative) phase of the PIOAM, the amplitudes of MJO zonal wind and outgoing longwave radiation are significantly weakened (enhanced) over the Indian Ocean, while they are enhanced (weakened) over the central and eastern Pacific. The eastward propagation of the MJO can extend to the central Pacific in the positive phase of the PIOAM, whereas it is mainly confined to west of 160°E in the negative phase. The PIOAM impacts MJO activity by modifying the atmospheric circulation and moisture budget. Anomalous ascending (descending) motion and positive (negative) moisture anomalies occur over the western Indian Ocean and central-eastern Pacific (Maritime Continent and western Pacific) during the positive phase of the PIOAM. The anomalous circulation is almost the opposite in the negative phases of the PIOAM. This anomalous circulation and moisture can modulate the activity of the MJO. The stronger moistening over the Indian Ocean induced by zonal and vertical moisture advection leads to the stronger MJO activity over the Indian Ocean in the negative phase of the PIOAM. During the positive phase of the PIOAM, the MJO propagates farther east over the central Pacific owing to the stronger moistening there, which is mainly attributable to the meridional and vertical moisture advection, especially low-frequency background state moisture advection by the MJO’s meridional and vertical velocities. 相似文献
15.
Summary Seventeen years of sea level pressure (SLP), 200-hPa zonal wind and 500-hPa geopotential height data were used to investigate the boreal winter and summer interannual (IA) circulation patterns. The IA patterns for these variables and for their zonally asymmetric (ZA) part were determined by performing empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analyses on the SLP and on ZA SLP. The corresponding patterns for the other variables were obtained by correlating their time series with the amplitude time series of these EOF analyses. For both seasons, the SLP and ZA SLP show a zonal wavenumber one pattern extending from the tropics into the winter hemisphere extratropics, which is consistent with the circulation anomalies related to the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycles. The zonal wavenumber one pattern observed for the boreal winter describes the SLP and ZA SLP variations related to the mature state of the El Niño and La Niña episodes, and that for the summer, the SLP and ZA SLP variations associated with the initial or decay stages of these phenomena. The 200-hPa zonal wind and 500-hPa geopotential height patterns exhibit strong seasonal dependence, and the ZA parts of these two variables show even more pronounced seasonal differences. These results indicate that the seasonal cycle of the atmospheric circulation, in particular at the upper tropospheric levels, might play an important role in extending the IA wavetrain-like structure into the subtropics as noted for the 200-hPa zonal wind and its ZA part in the Pacific/Americas sector. This wavetrain-like structure shows its Southern Hemisphere (SH) and Northern Hemisphere (NH) branches for the boreal winter, and only its SH branch, for the boreal summer. Thus, the effects of the seasonal cycle of the atmospheric circulation on the IA patterns seem to be stronger for the NH.With 9 Figures 相似文献
16.
Intraseasonal modulation of tropical cyclogenesis in the western North Pacific: a case study 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The temporal clustering of the western North Pacific tropical cyclogenesis and its modulation by the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) during the 1991 summer were examined based on the tropical cyclone best track, outgoing longwave radiation, and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis datasets. The wavelet analysis shows that convective activities around the monsoon trough in the western North Pacific possessed a distinct MJO with a period of 20–60 days. Two or more tropical cyclones were observed to form successively during each active phase of the MJO, and tropical cyclones tended to generate around the southeastern part of the maximum vorticity of the low-frequency cyclonic circulation during the developing and peak stages of the active MJO phase. But tropical cyclogenesis scarcely occurred during inactive MJO phases. Thus the MJO was a major agent in modulating repeated development of tropical cyclones in the western North Pacific during the 1991 summer. The MJO in circulation was characterized by a huge anomalous cyclone (anticyclone) in the lower troposphere existing alternately over the western North Pacific, leading to an enhanced (weakened) monsoon trough. An examination of the meridional gradient of absolute vorticity associated with the zonal flow indicates that the zonal flow in the monsoon trough region satisfied the necessary conditions for barotropic instability, with both zonal flow and the meridional gradient of absolute vorticity varying on the similar MJO timescale. The intraseasonal oscillation of such an unstable zonal flow might thus be an important mechanism for temporal clustering of tropical cyclogenesis in the western North Pacific. The barotropic conversion could provide a major energy source for the formation and growth of tropical cyclones in the western North Pacific during active MJO phases, with the eddy kinetic energy generation being dominated by both terms of eddies interacting with zonal and meridional gradients of the basic zonal flow. 相似文献
17.
Linkages between the North Pacific Oscillation and central tropical Pacific SSTs at low frequencies 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Jason C. Furtado Emanuele Di Lorenzo Bruce T. Anderson Niklas Schneider 《Climate Dynamics》2012,39(12):2833-2846
The North Pacific Oscillation (NPO) recently (re-)emerged in the literature as a key atmospheric mode in Northern Hemisphere climate variability, especially in the Pacific sector. Defined as a dipole of sea level pressure (SLP) between, roughly, Alaska and Hawaii, the NPO is connected with downstream weather conditions over North America, serves as the atmospheric forcing pattern of the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO), and is a potential mechanism linking extratropical atmospheric variability to El Ni?o events in the tropical Pacific. This paper explores further the forcing dynamics of the NPO and, in particular, that of its individual poles. Using observational data and experiments with a simple atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM), we illustrate that the southern pole of the NPO (i.e., the one near Hawaii) contains significant power at low frequencies (7–10?years), while the northern pole (i.e., the one near Alaska) has no dominant frequencies. When examining the low-frequency content of the NPO and its poles separately, we discover that low-frequency variations (periods >7?years) of the NPO (particularly its subtropical node) are intimately tied to variability in central equatorial Pacific sea surface temperatures (SSTs) associated with the El Ni?o-Modoki/Central Pacific Warming (CPW) phenomenon. This result suggests that fluctuations in subtropical North Pacific SLP are important to monitor for Pacific low-frequency climate change. Using the simple AGCM, we also illustrate that variability in central tropical Pacific SSTs drives a significant fraction of variability of the southern node of the NPO. Taken together, the results highlight important links between secondary modes (i.e., CPW-NPO-NPGO) in Pacific decadal variability, akin to already established relationships between the primary modes of Pacific climate variability (i.e., canonical El Ni?o, the Aleutian Low, and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation). 相似文献
18.
El Ni?o Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and given phases of the Madden?CJulian Oscillation (MJO) show similar regional signatures over the Equatorial Indian Ocean, consisting in an enhancement or reversing of the convective and dynamic zonal gradients between East Africa and the Maritime Continent of Indonesia. This study analyses how these two modes of variability add or cancel their effects at their respective timescales, through an investigation of the equatorial cellular circulations over the central Indian Ocean. Results show that (1) the wind shear between the lower and upper troposphere is related to marked regional rainfall anomalies and is embedded in larger-scale atmospheric configurations, involving the Southern Oscillation; (2) the intraseasonal (30?C60?days) and interannual (4?C5?years) timescales are the most energetic frequencies that modulate these circulations, confirming the implication of the MJO and ENSO; (3) extreme values of the Indian Ocean wind shear result from the combination of El Ni?o and the MJO phase enhancing atmospheric convection over Africa, or La Ni?a and the MJO phase associated with convective activity over the Maritime Continent. Consequences for regional rainfall anomalies over East Africa and Indonesia are then discussed. 相似文献
19.
The equatorial Atlantic oscillation and its response to ENSO 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
An internal equatorial Atlantic oscillation has been identified by analyzing sea surface temperature (SST) observations. The equatorial Atlantic oscillation can be viewed as the Atlantic analogue of the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon in the equatorial Pacific, but it is much less vigorous. The equatorial Atlantic oscillation is strongly influenced by the Pacific ENSO with the equatorial Atlantic sea surface temperature lagging by about six months. This lag can be explained by the dynamical adjustment time of the equatorial Atlantic to low-frequency wind stress variations and the seasonally varying background state, which favours strongest growth of perturbations in summer. Results of an extended-range simulation with a coupled ocean-atmosphere GCM support this picture. 相似文献
20.
应用广西壮族自治区国家气象站降水,NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料,NOAA逐日向外长波辐射(OLR)等逐日资料,NOAA-CPC热带大气季节内振荡(MJO)指数等,使用经验正交函数分解方法分析了广西冬季降水的气候特征;用功率谱、带通滤波、相关分析和滞后线性回归等方法,以及定义MJO相关降水事件,研究了广西冬季降水异常偏多年的降水低频特征及其与MJO的联系。(1)广西冬季降水特征以全区一致型分布为主;冬季降水异常偏多年份的逐日降水具有14~26 d的低频周期。(2) MJO强对流在赤道印度洋东部发展并东传到西太平洋热带地区时,广西可出现冬季持续强降水。(3)当MJO异常对流在印度洋东部热带地区产生,中南半岛地区到华南地区上空为异常低频偏南和偏西南气流,有利于降水形成;当印度洋东部热带地区为MJO对流抑制区,华南地区上空为异常低频偏东气流控制,不利于降水产生。(4)华南地区上空大气环流的异常是由热带印度洋地区的MJO对流激发的Rossby波列造成。 相似文献