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1.
中国华南春季季风及其与大尺度环流特征的关系 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：13
定义了中国华南春季季风，并用NCEP／NCAR再分析资料研究了春季风的气候特征以及春季风降水和大尺度环流在年际变化上的关系。结果表明，从降水和大气环流的变化来看，华南春季风在气候上发生于4月和5月；与华南春季风相联系的大气环流特征与夏季风和冬季风所对应的大气环流特征完全不同。华南春季风降水的年际变化主要与太平洋北部的异常环流相关联，而这种异常环流又与亚洲北部的西风急流和极地涡旋有联系；华南春季风降水的年际变化还与太平洋的海表温度异常有关；而亚洲热带大气环流的年际变化与华南春季风降水的变化关系不大。 相似文献
2.
夏季亚洲—太平洋涛动与大气环流和季风降水 总被引：19，自引：4，他引：15
利用ERA-40再分析资料和数值模拟,分析了在亚洲-太平洋区域的大气遥相关以及与亚洲季风降水和西北太平洋热带气旋活动气候特征的关系,探讨了青藏高原加热和太平洋海表温度(SST)对遥相关的影响,结果表明:亚洲-太平洋涛动(Asian-Pacific Oscillation,APO)是夏季对流层扰动温度在亚洲与太平洋中纬度之间的一种"跷跷板"现象,当亚洲大陆中纬度对流层偏冷时,中、东太平洋中纬度对流层偏暖,反之亦然;这种遥相关也出现在平流层中,只是其位相与对流层的相反.APO为研究亚洲与太平洋大气环流相互作用提供了一个途径.APO指数也是亚洲-太平洋对流层热力差异指数,它具有年际和年代际的多时间尺度变化特征,在1958-2001年亚洲与太平洋之间的对流层热力差异呈现出减弱趋势,同时也有显著的5.5 a周期.APO形成可能与太阳辐射在亚洲陆地和太平洋的加热差异所造成的纬向垂直环流有关,数值模拟进一步表明:夏季青藏高原加热可以造成高原附近对流层温度升高、上升运动加强,太平洋下沉运动加强、温度下降,从而形成APO现象;而太平洋年代际涛动和赤道东太平洋的厄尔尼若现象对APO的影响可能较小.当夏季APO异常时,南亚高压、欧亚中纬度西风急流、南亚热带东风急流以及太平洋上空的副热带高压都出现显著变化,并伴随着亚洲季风降水及西北太平洋热带气旋活动异常.过去40多年来的长江中上游地区夏季变冷与APO有关,可能是全球大气环流年代际变化在该区域的一种反映.APO异常信号可以传播到南、北两极.此外,亚洲-太平洋之间的这种遥相关型也出现在其他季节. 相似文献
3.
东亚—北太平洋大气环流和瞬变扰动的年代际变化 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分析了东亚—北太平洋大气环流、大气斜压性和天气尺度瞬变扰动活动的年代际变化特征。东亚—北太平洋地区低层大气温度和比湿及高层的西风急流都存在明显的年代际变化。西风年代际异常与大气斜压性年代际异常之间有密切联系。夏季北太平洋北部到西伯利亚高原上空的天气尺度瞬变扰动活动年代际增强,但夏季低层瞬变热力和瞬变水汽强迫的年代际异常对北太平洋中纬度低层平均温度和比湿年代际异常的作用并不显著。冬季,西太平洋西风急流年代际增强与急流下方大气斜压性年代际增加相一致,使该地区瞬变扰动年代际增强,增强的瞬变扰动将更多能量传送给西风气流,巩固了西风急流的年代际异常。年代际尺度上冬季异常的瞬变热力强迫和瞬变水汽强迫对低层大气温度和比湿异常有显著的削弱作用。 相似文献
4.
《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2018,(2)
正一、立项背景青藏高原是世界上最大最陡峭的大地形,其动力和热力作用是形成和维持北半球大气环流的重要原因之一,气流对热源的热力适应形成高原上空近地层低压和中高层的青藏高压,高原上空大尺度大气热源(汇)激发出的热力波及与之相联系的热量、动量传播对周边地区的天气气候有着重要影响。夏季青藏高原对流层低层环绕高原的气旋式环流加强,高原上空盛行上升气流,与之联系的高原北侧有补偿的下沉气流生成,在高原东南侧形成潮湿气候,西北侧形成干旱气候对新疆夏季降水有重要影响的副热带西风急流、南亚高压等大尺度环流系统,均和青藏高原下垫面热力异常 相似文献
5.
利用分辨率较高的SINTEX-F(Scale INTeraction EXperiment-FRCGC) 海气耦合模式, 进行多组长时间积分模拟和理想试验, 分析研究热带印度洋海气耦合对夏季大气环流气候态的影响。主要结果有: (1) 热带印度洋海气相互作用使热带东印度洋产生明显的东风变化, 使热带中西太平洋赤道北部产生气旋性切变变化。 (2) 印度洋海气相互作用对大气环流气候态的影响绝大部分由于大气对海气相互作用的响应存在年际变化正负距平不对称性造成, 这种年际变化不对称性包括正偶极子与负偶极子的不对称、 海盆宽度正异常与海盆宽度负异常的不对称。 (3) 年际和季节内两种时间尺度海气相互作用对印度洋关键区大气环流平均态都有影响, 约各占60%、 40%; 季节内尺度海气相互作用对太平洋近赤道区大气环流平均态有重要影响; 年际尺度海气相互作用对太平洋赤道外地区大气环流平均态有重要影响。热带印度洋年际尺度、 季节内尺度海气相互作用对大气环流气候态的影响, 都存在年际变化以及年际变化正负距平不对称性。这两种尺度海气相互作用主要通过年际变化正负距平不对称性而对大气环流平均态产生影响。 相似文献
6.
北太平洋次表层海温异常对中国夏季降水影响的可能途径 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用Godas月平均次表层海温资料, 分析了冬、春季和夏季北太平洋次表层海温层际相似性特征, 据此对次表层海温进行分层。在此基础上研究了500 hPa位势高度场、北太平洋次表层海温、中国夏季降水三者之间的时滞相关关系, 发现春季北太平洋次表层海温场是联系前、后期大气环流的关键因素。前期冬季大气环流对春季北太平洋次表层海温场影响最显著, 春季北太平洋次表层海温场又持续影响同期及后期夏季大气环流异常。异常的夏季大气环流与同期表层、次表层海温相互作用, 共同造成夏季长江流域与华北、华南降水出现相反异常的分布型式。 相似文献
7.
夏季青藏高原加热和北半球环流年际变化的相关分析 总被引：16，自引：5，他引：16
利用 195 8～ 1997年NCEP/NCAR再分析数据集中加热率和环流资料 ,采用相关分析和对比分析相结合的方法 ,诊断和分析了夏季青藏高原的非绝热加热与北半球环流系统的年际变化的联系。分析结果表明 :夏季青藏高原的加热强 (弱 )的年份 ,高原及邻近地区的上升运动、下层辐合及上层辐散均增强 (减弱 ) ,使高原加热对周边地区低层暖湿空气的抽吸效应和对高层大气向周边地区的排放作用加强 (减弱 )。从而影响着高原和周边地区的环流以及亚洲季风区大尺度环流系统。而且高原的加热强迫能够激发产生一支沿亚欧大陆东部海岸向东北方向传播的Rossby波列 ,其频散效应可影响到更远的东太平洋以至北美地区的大气环流 相似文献
8.
青藏高原热力状况异常特征及其与长江中下游地区夏季降水的关系 总被引：2，自引：5，他引：2
本文首先对青藏高原热力状况特征进行统计分析，得出高原下垫面热力状况分布具有复杂性和多样性，除具有整个高原一致性外，还具有南北反相关及东西反相关等异常的热力对比分布型，不同的下垫面热力分布型能够对大气环产生不同的影响。并针对南北反相现象进行成因及持续性分析，青藏高原下垫面热力状况南北反相关分布型与大气环流的异常有关，分析表明青藏高原下垫面热力状况南北反相关分布型与大气环流的异常有关，青藏高原下垫面热力状况异常实际上可能是亚洲冬季风异常活动的结果；而高原下垫面热力异常状况具有较强的持续性，其与后期大气环流存在密切的联系，通过影响亚洲夏季风进而影响我国夏季降水的分布型，即当青藏高原下同前冬热力状况为南侧偏暖（冷），北侧则偏冷（暖）分布时，对应长江中下游地区夏季易偏旱（涝），反之亦然。 相似文献
9.
总结回顾了近年青藏高原影响的气候动力学研究。青藏高原在不同季节对气候的影响具有的不同特性:(1) 冬季高原为弱冷源的特征;(2) 春季高原与环流的相互作用使中国南方盛行西南气流进而形成江南春雨,在从冬到夏的季节推进过程中,青藏高原还调控南亚-印度洋海陆气相互作用,激发孟加拉湾季风爆发性涡旋,促使孟加拉湾季风在高原东部爆发;(3) 夏季斜坡上的感热加热形成高原感热气泵,与海陆热力对比共同作用,控制南亚季风和东亚季风;(4) 在年际和年代际时间尺度上,冬季热源异常是北半球大气环流变化的结果,同时对中国南方持续性异常雨雪事件产生影响;在春夏季节,高原热力强迫的变化强烈地影响环流和亚洲气候。其中青藏高原表面感热通量和其上空大气热源在春季和夏季呈减弱趋势在近30年逐渐减弱,影响到中国近几十年夏季季风和雨带分布。最后提出青藏高原影响研究的气候动力学面临的科学问题。 相似文献
10.
利用挪威卑尔根的全球大气-海洋-海冰耦合模式的300年气候态数值积分结果,结合观测资料,分析了夏季亚洲-太平洋涛动(APO)的年际变化对与西北太平洋热带气旋生成频数相关联的大尺度环流背景的影响。模式结果表明,当夏季APO异常偏强(弱)时,西太平洋副热带高压位置偏东(西)偏北(南),南亚高压位置偏北(南),西北太平洋低层大气异常辐合(辐散),高层大气异常辐散(辐合),对流活动加强(减弱)。这种环流背景条件有(不)利于西北太平洋热带气旋的发生发展,西北太平洋热带气旋频数因而偏多(少)。 相似文献
11.
青藏高原（以下简称高原）大气热源对亚洲夏季风爆发、演变、推进,乃至全球气候系统都有重要影响,因此近年来高原大气热源变异机理也日益受到关注。本文在回顾已有关于不同季节高原热源变异原因的研究基础上,利用1980～2018年日本气象厅再分析数据JRA55（Japanese 55-year Reanalysis）,对逐月高原大气总热源的年际变率进行分类,并进一步探究了影响不同类别高原大气总热源的异常大尺度环流系统及海温驱动因子。除了传统上受关注的“冬季型”和“夏季型”以外,本文还提出了“早春型”和“过渡型”两种高原大气热源变率模态。总体而言,高原大气总热源年际变率以降水引起的凝结潜热异常为主,其中“冬季型”及“早春型”高原大气热源异常中心位于高原西部,主要受到中高纬遥相关波列的影响。此外,“冬季型”还受到厄尔尼诺—南方涛动（El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation, ENSO）及印度洋偶极子（Indian Ocean Dipole, IOD）的影响。“夏季型”高原大气热源呈东西偶极型反相变化,最大异常中心位于高原东南部,主要受北大西洋涛动（North Atlantic Oscillation, NAO）的影响;“过渡型”高原大气热源呈南北偶极型反相变化,受热带太平洋—印度洋海表温度异常的共同影响。因此,不同背景环流下高原热源年际变率的驱动因子存在明显差异。 相似文献
12.
基于全球降水气候中心（GPCC）和全球降水气候计划（GPCP）的降水数据及ERA-interim再分析资料,分析了1979~2012年冬季青藏高原（简称高原）西侧地区降水的基本特征及影响其年际变率的潜在因子。结果表明高原冬季降水主要发生在其西侧地区且为全区变化一致型,降水所需的水汽主要来自上游地区,从该区域的西边界输入。然而,高原西侧地区冬季降水的年际变率主要由水汽输送的动力过程所决定,表现为高原西侧的西南风异常。此外,高原西侧冬季降水的年际变率与其上游典型的大气内部变率北大西洋涛动和北极涛动相关性不强,而与赤道西印度洋和热带中东太平洋的海温显著相关。热带中东太平洋海温异常通过影响大气环流变化,在印度洋北部激发一个反气旋式的环流异常,使得高原西侧地区出现异常西南风,从而加强了水汽通量输送的动力作用。同时在赤道异常东风的作用下,暖水也向印度洋西部输送堆积。赤道中东太平洋海温的异常可进一步导致西风急流发生南北移动,从而也在一定程度上影响了高原西侧冬季水汽输送以及降水的年际变率。 相似文献
13.
The thermal forcing of the Tibetan Plateau(TP) during boreal spring,which involves surface sensible heating,latent heating released by convection and radiation flux heat,is critical for the seasonal and subseasonal variation of the East Asian summer monsoon.Distinct from the situation in March and April when the TP thermal forcing is modulated by the sea surface temperature anomaly(SSTA) in the North Atlantic,the present study shows that it is altered mainly by the SSTA in the Indian Ocean Basin Mode(IOBM) in May,according to in-situ observations over the TP and MERRA reanalysis data.In the positive phase of the IOBM,a local Hadley circulation is enhanced,with its ascending branch over the southwestern Indian Ocean and a descending one over the southeastern TP,leading to suppressed precipitation and weaker latent heat over the eastern TP.Meanwhile,stronger westerly flow and surface sensible heating emerges over much of the TP,along with slight variations in local net radiation flux due to cancellation between its components.The opposite trends occur in the negative phase of the IOBM.Moreover,the main associated physical processes can be validated by a series of sensitivity experiments based on an atmospheric general circulation model,FAMIL.Therefore,rather than influenced by the remote SSTAs of the northern Atlantic in the early spring,the thermal forcing of the TP is altered by the Indian Ocean SSTA in the late spring on an interannual timescale. 相似文献
14.
This study explores the time-lagged impact of the spring sensible heat (SH) source over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) on the summer rainfall anomaly in East China using the Weather Research and Forecasting model. Numerical experiments for 2003 indicate that a spring SH anomaly over the TP can maintain its impact until summer and lead to a strong atmospheric heat source, characterized both by the enhanced SH over the western TP and enhanced latent heat of condensation to the east. Wave activity diagnosis reveals that the enhanced TP heating forces a Rossby wave train over the downstream regions. A cyclonic response over the northeast TP brings about a low-level northerly anomaly over northern China, while an anticyclonic response over the western Pacific enhances the subtropical high and the low-level southerly on its western flank. As a result, cold and dry airflow from mid-high latitudes, and warm and wet airflow from tropical oceans converge around the Huaihe River basin. In addition, warm advection originating from the TP induces vigorous ascending motion over the convergence belt. Under these favorable circulation conditions the eastward-propagating vortexes initiated over the TP intensify the torrential rainfall processes over the Huaihe River basin. In contrast, additional experiments considering the year 2001 with weak spring SH over the TP and an overall southward retreat of the summer rainfall belt in East China further demonstrate the role of spring SH over the TP in regulating the interannual variability of EASM in terms of wave activity and synoptic disturbances. 相似文献
15.
Previous studies have identified an Asian-Pacific Oscillation (APO) teleconnection pattern, which exhibits an out-of-phase relationship in the summer tropospheric temperature with warming over the Eurasia and cooling over the Northern Pacific and the Northern America, and vice versa. But the interannual variation of this teleconnection remains obscure. This study points out that interannual variation of the APO teleconnection is associated with the second empirical orthogonal function (EOF) mode of the northern-hemisphere upper tropospheric temperature during boreal summer, which accounts for 14% of the variance. A heat budget analysis is conducted for the Eurasian region and the North Pacific region respectively to reveal the cause of the zonal dipole mode temperature structure. For the Eurasia region, the warming is contributed by the adiabatic heating process due to downward vertical motion anomalies. For the Northern Pacific region, the temperature variation is mainly contributed by zonal advection associated with interannual zonal wind perturbation acting on the climatological temperature gradient. Composite analysis and numerical experiments with an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) shows the interannual zonal wind perturbation is related to the sea surface temperature anomalies over the equatorial eastern Pacific. 相似文献
16.
Interannual Variability of Snow Depth over the Tibetan Plateau and Its Associated Atmospheric Circulation Anomalies 
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下载免费PDF全文 MAO Jiang-Yu 《大气和海洋科学快报》2010,3(4):213-218
The interannual variability of wintertime snow depth over the Tibetan Plateau(TP) and related atmospheric circulation anomalies were investigated based on observed snow depth measurements and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data.Empirical orthogonal function(EOF) analysis was applied to identify the spatio-temporal variability of wintertime TP snow depth.Snow depth anomalies were dominated by a monopole pattern over the TP and a dipole structure with opposite anomalies over the southeastern and northwestern TP.The atmospheric circulation conditions responsible for the interannual variability of TP snow depth were examined via regression analyses against the principal component of the most dominant EOF mode.In the upper troposphere,negative zonal wind anomalies over the TP with extensively positive anomalies to the south indicated that the southwestward shift of the westerly jet may favor the development of surface cyclones over the TP.An anomalous cyclone centered over the southeastern TP was associated with the anomalous westerly jet,which is conducive to heavier snowfall and results in positive snow depth anomalies.An anomalous cyclone was observed at 500 hPa over the TP,with an anomalous anticyclone immediately to the north,suggesting that the TP is frequently affected by surface cyclones.Regression analyses revealed that significant negative thickness anomalies exist around the TP from March to May,with a meridional dipole anomaly in March.The persistent negative anomalies due to more winter TP snow are not conducive to earlier reversal of the meridional temperature gradient,leading to a possible delay in the onset of the Asian summer monsoon. 相似文献
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Based on the 1961-2010 NCEP/NCAR reanalysis, this work uses empirical orthogonal function(EOF) and composite analysis to study the distributions of zonal land-sea thermal contrast between Asia and the Pacific during transitions from the summer monsoon to the winter monsoon in East Asian subtropics, and investigates the interannual variations of the thermal contrast and their relationships with circulation systems over the East Asian subtropics. The findings are as follows. 1) In autumn, the interannual variations of the temperature deviation in the middle and upper troposphere show significant east-west out-of-phase teleconnection over Asia and the central and eastern Pacific, i.e. the Asian-Pacific Oscillation, or APO. 2) While not as significant as in summer with regard to coverage and intensity, the APO shows interannual variations in autumn that well depicts the change in the intensity of the subtropical monsoon. In the high(low) APO year, the current subtropical summer monsoon is strong(weak) and the winter monsoon is weak(strong) in East Asia as derived from the general circulation and wind field of the East Asian-Pacific region. 相似文献
18.
The summer Asian–Pacific Oscillation(APO) is a major teleconnection pattern that reflects the zonal thermal contrast between East Asia and the North Pacific in the upper troposphere. The performance of Beijing Climate Center Climate System Models(BCC CSMs) with different horizontal resolutions, i.e., BCC CSM1.1 and BCC CSM1.1(m), in reproducing APO interannual variability, APO-related precipitation anomalies, and associated atmospheric circulation anomalies, is evaluated.The results show that BCC CSM1.1(m) can successfully capture the interannual variability of the summer APO index. It is also more capable in reproducing the APO's spatial pattern, compared to BCC CSM1.1, due to its higher horizontal resolution. Associated with a positive APO index, the northward-shifted and intensified South Asian high, strengthened extratropical westerly jet, and tropical easterly jet in the upper troposphere, as well as the southwesterly monsoonal flow over North Africa and the Indian Ocean in the lower troposphere, are realistically represented by BCC CSM1.1(m), leading to an improvement in reproducing the increased precipitation over tropical North Africa, South Asia, and East Asia, as well as the decreased precipitation over subtropical North Africa, Japan, and North America. In contrast, these features are less consistent with observations when simulated by BCC CSM1.1. Regression analysis further indicates that surface temperature anomalies over the North Pacific and the southern and western flanks of the Tibetan Plateau are reasonably reproduced by BCC CSM1.1(m), which contributes to the substantial improvement in the simulation of the characteristics of summer APO compared to that of BCC CSM1.1. 相似文献
19.
与华北地区春季降水量异常关联的大气环流异常 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12
华北地区的春旱极大地影响着农作物的播种和生长.因此,尽管华北地区的春季1降水量没有夏季降水量那么多,但它的变化规律及其原因也是一个非常值得研究的问题.在本文中,我们指出,相对平均值而言,华北地区春季降水量的年际变化相当大.早年降水量的变化幅度相对较小,而降水多的年份之间降水量却有相当大的变化.进而,我们分析了在年际变化时间尺度上,与华北地区春季降水异常相关联的大尺度大气环流异常.发现在华北春季降水多时,东亚地区上空在整个对流层中存在一反气旋式环流异常,即与季节演变特征相符,而在热带地区存在与季节演变相反的环流异常.东亚地区上空这种反气旋式环流使得东亚大槽偏东、偏弱,并使得在我国东部地区出现南风异常,这种南风异常一直达到华北地区,为华北地区的降水提供有利条件.此外,反气旋式异常随高度向西斜,也为扰动的发展提供了有利的环流背景.本文对对流层高层经向风的分析结果表明,与华北春季降水密切相关的东亚地区反气旋式环流异常和南北风异常与出现在北半球中纬地区的波列有关系,但关于该波列产生的原因却有待进一步的研究.
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