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1.
太行山东麓焚风天气的统计特征和机理分析Ⅰ:统计特征   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
利用2007-2008年京津冀区自动站资料,根据小时变温,对太行山东麓焚风天气进行了详细的统计和分析。结果表明,焚风具有明显的季节变化和日变化,其分布特征在夜间表现明显,强焚风一般出现在太行山东侧50km内,而弱焚风则可到达太行山以东100km范围内;太行山北段的东南侧和南段的东侧呈现出两个焚风中心,而中段附近焚风出现的相对较少;焚风出现的位置与风向的关系密切,西北风造成的焚风主要出现在太行山北段东侧,偏西风主要影响太行山南段,而西南风主要影响中段;焚风强度与风速大小有一定的对应关系,具有明显的阵性特征;在红外云图中焚风常表现为一条明显的暗带;太行山东麓焚风造成的加热区可向东或东南方向移动,影响河北平原。  相似文献   

2.
石家庄地处太行山东麓,每当从西部高原东移并垂直于太行山的气流,越过山脊,在背风坡一侧下沉时干绝热增温,风速增大,温度陡升,形成又干又热的焚风,俗称“火龙风”。据统计石家庄平均焚风为19天,最多的年份可达49天,当出现焚风时,  相似文献   

3.
三维多层流过山产生的山地重力波研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
李子良 《高原气象》2006,25(4):593-600
为了研究了三维多层气流过山产生的三维山地重力波和大气船波动力学理论,在本文中,改进了一个多层流过山的三维山地重力波的线性理论计算模式,分析了三维多层流过孤立山地产生的三维山地重力波和大气船舶波的物理机制及其表现特征。揭示了多层流过孤立地形产生发散模态和横波两种模态拦截背风波的气象条件,增强了人们对山地重力波动力学的理解和对山脉重力波及其相联系的山脉天气的预测能力。  相似文献   

4.
《贵州气象》2004,28(3):26-26
“焚风”,顾名思义,就是火一样的风,是一种过山后变为暖热、干燥的地方性风。那么,为什么气流越过山脉会出现焚风呢?这是由于气流越过高山,出现下沉运动造成的。从气象学上讲,某一团空气从地面升到高空,每升高1 0 0 0m ,温度平均要下降6 5℃;相反,当一团空气从高空下沉到地面的时候,每下降1 0 0 0m ,温度约平均升高6 5℃。这就是说,当空气从海拔4 0 0 0~50 0 0m的高山下降至地面时,温度就会升高2 0℃以上,会使凉爽的气候顿时热起来。这就是产生“焚风”的原因。在我国,焚风地区也到处可见。如天山南北、秦岭脚下、川南丘陵、金沙江河谷、…  相似文献   

5.
熊险平  王淑云  张唯 《气象科技》2020,48(3):433-437
利用石家庄2009—2018年逐小时气象要素监测数据,设计了一种新的焚风统计方法——背景法,对太行山中段的焚风特征进行了分析,并探讨了其与常规焚风统计方法的差异及其命中率问题。结果表明:①背景法可以有效排除大尺度天气系统和辐射对焚风统计结果的影响,可以确保焚风过程统计的精准性;②与常规焚风统计方法相比,焚风日分布特征改善明显,表现为上午时段焚风次数明显减少、夜间明显增多,新方法的结论更加符合石家庄当地焚风特点;③石家庄地区基于背景法的焚风统计命中率为100%,但在其下游地区,随着与山脉距离增大,焚风统计命中率明显下降。  相似文献   

6.
一次太行山焚风对霾强度的影响分析   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1  
杨晓亮  杨敏  李江波  张珊 《气象》2018,44(2):313-319
利用NCEP再分析资料、逐5min地面自动气象站、激光雷达、风廓线仪和微波辐射计等资料,对2015年石家庄冬季一次典型焚风过程中霾强度的变化进行了分析。结果表明,在静稳天气形势下,华北地形槽使太行山东麓发生了明显的焚风现象,焚风带来湿度的快速下降,进而引起水平能见度迅速上升、PM_(2.5)浓度迅速下降,霾强度明显减弱。激光雷达可以直观地反映焚风发生前后边界层结构特征和污染物浓度的变化。风廓线仪分析表明,焚风过程300m以下风向、风速的变化明显,表现为风速的加大和风向的多变,说明风场有强的脉动。焚风现象向平原水平推进的距离大概为25km,垂直影响的高度在1km以下。  相似文献   

7.
夏季北京地区强地形雨中尺度结构分析   总被引:14,自引:8,他引:14  
矫梅燕  毕宝贵 《气象》2005,31(6):9-14
利用卫星、雷达资料,分析了2002年6月24日北京地区大暴雨的降水云团演变特征,结果表明:中α尺度对流系统减弱过程中经历了中β尺度云团的发展过程,中β尺度对流云团是北京西部局地暴雨的影响系统;在观测分析的基础上进行了数值模拟分析:低层东风气流向西移动遏太行山东坡辐合抬升,黄土高原低层偏西风向东移动,受太行山脉强迫倾斜上升,与太行山东坡的地形抬升叠加,在太行山及其东坡产生强烈的上升运动,并形成垂直次级环流圈,同时,低层的偏南气流在燕山南坡上升,而冷空气偏北气流在燕山南坡半山腰下沉,该次级环流圈是北京西部山区强降水产生和维持的主要物理机制。  相似文献   

8.
袁育枝 《气象》1979,5(10):34-36
地表状况是气候形成的一个重要因素,山地地形对降水的影响十分明显。河北省山地主要属于太行山和燕山两系,成弧状分布。省内多雨带及暴雨中心基本上依山脉走向分布,强烈表现出山地对降水的作用。 山地对降水形成的作用,大致可以归结为两方面。第一,山地能产生局地环流,山谷风即是明显的例子。第二,气流遇到山脉被抬升。因此在暖湿气流盛行方向的迎风坡上,形成雨坡。背风坡则由于到达此处的气流的水汽含量已迅速减少,加上气流下沉的焚风效  相似文献   

9.
一次暴风雪过程中的中尺度重力波特征及其影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
应用地面自动气象站观测资料、数字化多普勒天气雷达探测资料和WRFV2.2.1中尺度数值模拟资料,分析了中尺度重力波与基本气流的相互作用,以及重力波活动对暴雪和大风天气的重要影响。结果表明,在波导中传播的中尺度重力波能够与基本气流进行动量交换,使得对流层中上层4.5—8 km气层内的水平平均风速趋于均匀,形成斜穿整个对流层的饱和湿空气急流,即"湿急流"。在高空急流出口区激发的垂直向下传播的重力波,使基本气流的水平风速在垂直方向上出现了加速和减速的交替变化,水平风加速的气层,反射率增大;水平风减速的气层,反射率减小。随着波动下传及其随基本气流的移动,反射率回波强度沿高空风的方向(由西南向东北)出现周期性变化,回波带呈西北—东南走向,强回波中心之间为宽约40 km的弱回波区。重力波下传期间,当地面气压迅速下降时,东北风快速增长,风向有明显的改变,反射率强度开始减弱;气压脊线过后,反射率降低到最低点。地面大风中心出现在反射率回波强度周期性变化的地带,沿西南—东北方向间隔着分布。雷达探测表明,对流层低层风速在风向切变层上下边界对称相等,因此推测在重力波与切变层汇合的高度层存在垂直环流,由风切变层上下边界附近的西南气流和东北气流与受重力波影响形成的垂直方向上的上升和下沉气流共同组成。切变层上方的动量通过垂直环流的下沉支到达地面,强风中心对应着下沉气流,出现在降水回波开始减弱之际。  相似文献   

10.
切变气流中地形强迫激发的非线性长波   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
蒋后硕  吕克利 《高原气象》1998,17(3):231-244
经推导得到了包括地形和耗散的FKdV-Burgers方程,利用数值解讨论了地表强迫激发的弧波演变以及移动性孤波与地形的相互作用,结果显示,对于α〉0或α〈0,不论是在气旋式切变气流还是反气旋式切变气流中,地形都能在强迫激发出定常孤波,在其下游产生调制椭圆余弦波列的背风波,当α=0时,在反气旋式切变气流中强迫区产生的是大振幅定常孤波,气旋式切变气流中强迫区产生的是复杂的非定常孤波,地形强迫产生的m=  相似文献   

11.
太行山中段的焚风   总被引:7,自引:2,他引:7  
  相似文献   

12.
Summary This paper describes and documents the meteorological conditions which occur in association with a cold surface layer on the northern lee side of the Alps during foehn. A climatological study using four years' rawinsonde data shows that during many foehn events a weak advection from the east occurs in the cold surface layer beneath the southerly foehn flow. Three cases of foehn in the northern Alps were studied using data taken by instrumented aircraft. The analysis of various vertical soundings between the baseline of the Alps and Munich indicate that the cold surface layer is eroded up to 50 km north of the baseline but that further north, the foehn has not touched the ground. The analysis of data taken in the urban plume west of Munich shows that the pollution is trapped by the inversion in the cold air leading to high levels of air pollution west of Munich.With 13 Figures  相似文献   

13.
Summary Numerical experiments are performed for inviscid flow past an idealized topography to investigate the formation and development of lee mesolows, mesovortices and mesocyclones. For a nonrotating, low-Froude number flow over a bell-shaped moutain, a pair of mesovortices form on the lee slope move downstream and weaken at later times. The advection speed of the lee vortices is found to be about two-thirds of the basic wind velocity, which is due to the existence of a reversed pressure gradient just upstream of the vortices. The lee vortices do not concur with the upstream stagnation point in time, but rather form at a later time. It is found that a pair of lee vortices form for a flow withFr=0.66, but take a longer time to form than in lower-Froude number flows. Since the lee vortices are formed rather progressively, their formation may be explained by the baroclinically-induced vorticity tilting as the mountain waves become more and more nonlinear.A stationary mesohigh and mesolow pressure couplet forms across the mountain and is produced in both high and low-Froude number flows. The results of the high Froude number simulations agree well with the classical results predicted by linear, hydrostatic mountain wave theory. It is found that the lee mesolow is not necessarily colocated with the lee vortices. The mesolow is formed by the downslope wind associated with the orographically forced gravity waves through adiabatic warming. The earth's rotation acts to strengthen (weaken) the cyclonic (anticyclonic) vortex and shifts the lee mesolow to the right for an observer facing downstream. The cyclonic vortex then develops into a mesocyclone with the addition of planetary vorticity at later times. For a flow over a steeper mountain, the disturbance is stronger even though the Froude number is kept the same.For a southwesterly flow past the real topography of Taiwan, there is no stagnation point or lee vortices formed because the impinging angle of the flow is small. A major mesoscale low forms to the southeast of the Central Mountain Range (CMR), while a mesohigh forms upstream. For a westerly flow past Taiwan, a stagnation point forms upstream of the mountain and a pair of vortices form on the lee and move downstream at later times. The cyclonic vortex then develops into a mesocyclone. A mesolow also forms to the southeast of Taiwan. For a northeasterly flow past Taiwan, the mesolow forms to the northwest of the mountain. Similar to flows over idealized topographies, the Taiwan mesolow is formed by the downslope wind associated with mountain waves through adiabatic warming. A conceptual model of the Taiwan southeast mesolow and mesocyclone is proposed.With 16 Figures  相似文献   

14.
利用WRF模式对2011年5月26日发生在太行山东麓的一次强对流降雹过程进行数值模拟,探讨了太行山及周边地形在本次强对流过程的作用。结果表明,控制华北平原的偏东暖湿气流受太行山阻挡并与切变线东南侧的西南暖湿气流汇合,在太行山东侧形成水汽高值区。太行山东坡下垫面向上热通量明显高于华北平原,午后850hPa高度山坡与平原的假相当位温梯度达到0.2 K·km~(-1),850~600 hPa假相当位温垂直梯度达4 K·km~(-1),对应上坡风的垂直速度大于1 m·s~(-1),热力环流为太行山东麓对流的发生提供了动力条件。太行山东侧暖湿气层之上为偏西干冷气流,由此形成的强热力不稳定与水汽高值区、上坡风共同造成太行山东麓强对流过程的发生。局地小尺度地形抬升与重力波共同促使太原盆地有对流单体生成,该单体移经太行山西侧迎风坡受阻挡抬升而增强,越过山顶后与维持在太行山东侧的对流单体发生合并,从而导致对流云的强烈发展。  相似文献   

15.
Significant changes have occurred in the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) including warmer temperatures, accelerated melting of glaciers, and breakup of ice shelves. This study uses the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) forced by the Community Climate System Model 4 (CCSM) simulations to study foehn wind warming in AP. Weather systems responsible for generating the foehn events are two cyclonic systems that move toward and/or cross over AP. WRF simulates the movement of cyclonic systems and the resulting foehn wind warming that is absent in CCSM. It is found that the warming extent along a transect across the central AP toward Larsen C Ice Shelf (LCIS) varies during the simulation period and the maximum warming moves from near the base of leeward slopes to over 40 km away extending toward the attached LCIS. Our analysis suggests that the foehn wind warming is negatively correlated with the incoming air temperature and the mountain top temperature during periods without significant precipitation, in which isentropic drawdown is the dominant heating mechanism. On the other hand, when significant precipitation occurs along the windward side of AP, latent heating is the major heating mechanism evidenced by positive relations between the foehn wind warming and 1) incoming air temperature, 2) windward precipitation, and 3) latent heating. Foehn wind warming caused by isentropic drawdown also tends to be stronger than that caused by latent heating. Comparison of WRF simulations forced by original and corrected CCSM data indicates that foehn wind warming is stronger in the original CCSM forced simulation when no significant windward precipitation is present. The foehn wind warming becomes weaker in both simulations when there is significant windward precipitation. This suggests that model’s ability to resolve the foehn warming varies with the forcing data, but the precipitation impact on the leeward warming is consistent.  相似文献   

16.
水汽空间分布对大气船舶重力波影响的数 值试验   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
李子良 《气象学报》2006,64(3):308-314
利用中尺度数值模式ARPS模拟研究了水汽在山脉重力波和大气船波的产生和演变中的作用。研究发现水汽和非绝热效应对大气船波的影响与水汽的空间分布有关,大气船波的产生和演变对水汽的空间分布具有极端的敏感性,在一定条件下水汽的引入有可能减少大气船波的活动。对于3层模式结构的气流过山而言,如果初始的水汽分布在中层大气,则水汽和非绝热效应对大气船波的影响较小,而如果初始的水汽分布在中下层大气,则引入水汽后减少了大气船波的强度,但是如果初始的水汽分布在整个模式大气层,则水汽的引入减少了大气船波的活动。  相似文献   

17.
A numerical experiment on the formation and decay process of a mesolow on the plain east to the Taihang Mountains has been conducted. The dynamical effect of the special topography of the Taihang Mountains and the Yanshan Mountains on the formation of the mesolow is very important. Namely, the difference of the heating be-tween the Taihang Mountains and the North China plain plays an important role in the formation and decay of the mesolow.  相似文献   

18.
Summary In this paper, an attempt has been made to examine the effect of static stability on the pattern of three dimensional (3-D) baroclinic lee wave across a meso-scale elliptical barrier. For this purpose first a 3-D meso scale lee wave model has been developed. Then the model is applied to the Western Ghats (WG) using real time radio sonde data of Santacruz (19°7′N, 72°51′E) (here after SCZ), a station on the windward side of WG, on the days when dynamic and thermodynamic conditions of the atmosphere were favourable to generate lee waves. It is found that the pattern of 3-D baroclinic lee wave is very much sensitive to the value of the static stability parameter N2. It is found that during southwest monsoon season trapped lee waves are convergent type (contours of perturbation vertical velocity w′ are crescent shaped convex down wind) and during winter they are divergent type (contours of w′ are crescent shaped concave down wind). The study shows that for a given profile of wind, the value of N2 must exceed certain threshold value to obtain divergent type lee wave, otherwise convergent type lee waves are found. It is also found that in the southwest monsoon season, when atmosphere is neutrally stratified, a single divergent lee wave corresponds to a single transverse lee wave, whereas in the winter season, when atmosphere is strongly stratified, a single divergent lee wave corresponds to a number of transverse lee wave. Furthermore, in the former case long (or short) divergent lee wave corresponds to short (or long) transverse lee wave, whereas in the later case long (or short) divergent lee wave, in general, corresponds to long (or short) transverse lee wave. This revised version was published online in November 2004 with corrected captions of Figs. 1 and 2.  相似文献   

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