共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 375 毫秒
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利用ERA-Interim高分辨率臭氧资料和NCEP再分析资料,对比分析了不同类型(浅薄型和深厚型)、不同强度(针对深厚型)的东亚切断低压过程中伴随平流层空气入侵引起的上对流层-下平流层UTLS(Upper Troposphere-Low er Stratosphere)区域臭氧变化情况,结果表明:(1)深厚型和浅薄型切断低压过程中均出现了平流层臭氧入侵现象。在300 h Pa上,存在浅薄型切断低压引起的臭氧增量与深厚型切断低压相当的情况。在垂直分布上,深厚型个例臭氧浓度升高范围集中在对流层中上层至平流层下层区域,而浅薄个例中的臭氧浓度上升只集中发生在对流层中上层。(2)切断低压引起的UTLS区域臭氧浓度高值分布范围及臭氧含量大小与系统本身强度存在一定的联系。强度较强的深厚型切断低压过程中动力学对流层顶下降深度和入侵的臭氧浓度均远大于强度较弱的深厚型切断低压。(3)在选取11年臭氧平均值和11年当月臭氧平均值分别作为距平基准进行对比分析时发现,不同类型和强度的切断低压对比结果不受不同臭氧基准态选取的影响。 相似文献
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Impacts of the atmospheric apparent heat source over the Tibetan Plateau on summertime ozone vertical distributions over Lhasa 
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下载免费PDF全文 Wenjun Liang Zhen Yang Jiali Luo Hongying Tian Zhixuan Bai Dan Li Qian Li Jinqiang Zhang Haoyue Wang Bian Ba Yang Yang 《大气和海洋科学快报》2021,14(3):66-71
青藏高原(TP)是一个对气候变化敏感的地区,其上空的臭氧分布影响着青藏高原及其周边地区的大气环境,北半球夏季青藏高原上空臭氧柱总量相对较低的现象,及其时空变化受到广泛关注.本研究利用北半球夏季5年的拉萨上空臭氧的气球测量数据,研究高原上空大气视热源(Q1)对臭氧垂直分布的影响并探讨了该过程的机制.结果表明,当TP上空对流层整体的Q1相对较高时,拉萨上空对流层臭氧浓度下降.大气更强的上升运动伴随着TP主体区域上空的Q1的增大.因此,当夏季Q1较高时,由于近地表低浓度臭氧空气向上输送,拉萨上空的对流层臭氧浓度下降. 相似文献
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利用国产GPSO3臭氧探空系统观测的大气臭氧探空资料和NCEP再分析资料,结合对天气形势、大气环流背景、高空位涡变化及对流层顶高度扰动的分析,深入研究了2008年冬季北京地区10~14 km高度范围内持续出现的臭氧次峰值及大气臭氧含量异常现象。结果表明:在2008年我国南方雪灾这一特殊时期,引起臭氧垂直分布持续出现次峰值现象及臭氧含量异常的主要原因是平流层空气强烈下沉运动及其与对流层的交换作用,而引起这种下沉运动及平流层-对流层交换则是由于该阶段特殊的天气背景,乌拉尔阻塞高压长时间维持,贝加尔湖到巴尔喀什湖一带横槽稳定存在,里海以东切断低压长期维持,造成冷空气长时间、稳定地南下影响北京上空臭氧的垂直分布。加之副热带急流的出现,北京正处于其入口区左侧,其上空有强烈的辐合下沉运动,有利于平流层空气向下输送。此次臭氧次峰值及臭氧含量异常的现象很好地说明,在冷空气天气过程的影响下,北京地区上空的平流层空气运动及其与对流层的交换十分活跃。 相似文献
4.
1998年青藏高原臭氧低值中心异常及其背景环流场的分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
采用TOMS和SAGE II臭氧卫星观测资料,对1998年青藏高原臭氧低值中心异常变化的过程和垂直结构进行了分析。为了探讨1998年这个低值中心出现异常的原因,利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,通过1998年高原附近上空位势场和位温的变化,分析了1998年臭氧低值中心异常期间高原上空对流层上层到平流层下层的流场和垂直运动的变化特征。结果表明,1998年11月,青藏高原上空对流顶比正常年份高,无论是对流层上层还是平流层下层,上升运动都比正常年份强。同时高原上空南亚高压也比正常年份强,于是使得1998年高原上空的强臭氧低值中心一直维持到11月。 相似文献
5.
利用NCEP再分析资料和卫星观测资料,结合耦合了沙尘模块的中尺度模式WRF,通过个例分析研究了青藏高原及附近地区沙尘气溶胶从近地面向对流层上部和平流层下部传输的特征和机制以及青藏高原大地形对平流层与对流层之间物质交换的影响。结果表明,深对流活动可将近地面沙尘气溶胶传输到上对流层—下平流层区域,但是下平流层区域的沙尘气溶胶浓度分布依赖于地面沙尘源的位置和对流的强度,且与对流系统内是否有降水有关。在没有穿透性对流情况下,垂直上升运动不能直接将沙尘输送到下平流层,但上对流层的沙尘可通过扩散作用和小尺度的混合过程经过数小时缓慢地进入下平流层。在没有明显系统性降水的情况下,夏季青藏高原上空旺盛的对流活动和高地形使得高原上空成为气溶胶进入下平流层的主要区域。上对流层区域的沙尘气溶胶浓度还受到平流层空气入侵的影响,在没有强的地面沙尘排放源的情况下,平流层空气的入侵对上对流层区域气溶胶浓度的分布和演变有较大的影响。 相似文献
6.
利用NCEP再分析资料和卫星观测资料,结合耦合了沙尘模块的中尺度模式WRF,通过个例分析研究了青藏高原及附近地区沙尘气溶胶从近地面向对流层上部和平流层下部传输的特征和机制以及青藏高原大地形对平流层与对流层之间物质交换的影响。结果表明,深对流活动可将近地面沙尘气溶胶传输到上对流层—下平流层区域,但是下平流层区域的沙尘气溶胶浓度分布依赖于地面沙尘源的位置和对流的强度,且与对流系统内是否有降水有关。在没有穿透性对流情况下,垂直上升运动不能直接将沙尘输送到下平流层,但上对流层的沙尘可通过扩散作用和小尺度的混合过程经过数小时缓慢地进入下平流层。在没有明显系统性降水的情况下,夏季青藏高原上空旺盛的对流活动和高地形使得高原上空成为气溶胶进入下平流层的主要区域。上对流层区域的沙尘气溶胶浓度还受到平流层空气入侵的影响,在没有强的地面沙尘排放源的情况下,平流层空气的入侵对上对流层区域气溶胶浓度的分布和演变有较大的影响。 相似文献
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《气象与环境学报》2016,(1)
利用2002年9月至2012年12月北京地区臭氧探空资料分析了大气臭氧的垂直分布特征,重点分析了对流层顶附近区域臭氧的季节变化与变率。结果表明:北京地区对流层臭氧的垂直分布主要表现为随高度递增的特征;臭氧的平均浓度夏季最高,冬季最低,春季和秋季相当,各季节的臭氧浓度在不同高度范围内略有差别。在对流层上层至平流层下层(8—15 km),臭氧浓度的垂直分布与平均浓度受对流层顶高度的影响显著。基于对流层顶相对高度坐标的分析表明,对流层顶下方1—3 km高度的臭氧仍保持了对流层臭氧的垂直分布特征;而在对流层顶高度附近,各季节臭氧浓度均随高度显著增加;由于垂直增速有显著的季节差异,导致臭氧平均浓度在对流层顶上方1—3 km出现明显变化。臭氧浓度归一化标准差表明:在对流层低层,大气臭氧浓度的变率在冬季最强,秋季、春季和夏季臭氧浓度的变率依次减弱;在对流层顶附近,大气臭氧浓度的变率在春季最强,冬季、秋季和夏季臭氧浓度的变率依次减弱,其中冬季和春季的强臭氧变率可能与对流层顶附近活跃的大气波动及对流层顶高度的频繁扰动密切联系。 相似文献
8.
平流层对对流层的作用是准确评估、预测对流层气候变化的一个重要方面。其中平流层成分尤其是臭氧的变化,可以改变平流层乃至对流层的辐射平衡,从而影响平流层、对流层的热动力过程。本文从辐射、动力2个角度介绍了平流层臭氧影响对流层气候变化的若干研究进展。平流层臭氧可以通过长短波辐射的方式对对流层大气造成辐射强迫,利用大气化学气候模式可以定量计算平流层臭氧变化引起的辐射强迫,但是辐射强迫的估算受模式中辐射传输模块本身缺陷的影响存在不确定性。动力方面,平流层臭氧变化产生的辐射效应可以改变温度的垂直和经向梯度,造成波折射指数的变化,进而影响平流层甚至对流层内波的折射与反射,通过上对流层下平流层区域内的波—流相互作用,对对流层气候产生影响。另外,南极臭氧损耗可通过大气环状模影响冬春季中高纬度对流层的天气气候,但是其影响的强度大小以及物理机制仍需进一步的确认。值得注意的是,北极平流层臭氧的变化与北半球中高纬度气候变化之间的关系相比南半球要更加复杂,需要更为深入的研究。 相似文献
9.
利用台站探空观测资料和卫星观测资料,分析了1979—2002年青藏高原上空温度的变化趋势。结果表明:高原地区上空平流层低层和对流层上层的温度与对流层中低层具有反相变化趋势。平流层低层和对流层上层降温,温度出现降低趋势,降温幅度无论是年平均还是季节平均都比全球平均降温幅度更大。高原上空对流层中低层增温,温度显示出增加的趋势,并且比同纬度中国东部非高原地区有更强的增温趋势。对1979—2002年卫星臭氧资料的分析表明,青藏高原上空臭氧总量在每个季节都呈现出明显的下降趋势,并且比同纬度带其他地区下降得更快。由于青藏高原上空臭氧有更大幅度的减少,造成高原平流层对太阳紫外辐射吸收比其他地区更少,使进入对流层的辐射更多,从而导致高原上空平流层低层和对流层上层降温比其他地区更强,而对流层中低层增温更大。因此,高原上空比其他地区更大幅度的臭氧总量减少可能是造成青藏高原上空与同纬度其他地区温度变化趋势差异的一个重要原因。 相似文献
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11.
Formation of the Summertime Ozone Valley over the Tibetan Plateau: The Asian Summer Monsoon and Air Column Variations 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The summertime ozone valley over the Tibetan Plateau is formed by two influences,the Asian summer monsoon(ASM) and air column variations.Total ozone over the Tibetan Plateau in summer was ～33 Dobson units(DU) lower than zonal mean values over the ocean at the same latitudes during the study period 2005-2009.Satellite observations of ozone profiles show that ozone concentrations over the ASM region have lower values in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere(UTLS) than over the non-ASM region.This is caused by frequent convective transport of low-ozone air from the lower troposphere to the UTLS region combined with trapping by the South Asian High.This offset contributes to a ～20-DU deficit in the ozone column over the ASM region.In addition,along the same latitude,total ozone changes identically with variations of the terrain height,showing a high correlation with terrain heights over the ASM region,which includes both the Tibetan and Iranian plateaus.This is confirmed by the fact that the Tibetan and Iranian plateaus have very similar vertical distributions of ozone in the UTLS,but they have different terrain heights and different total-column ozone levels.These two factors(lower UTLS ozone and higher terrain height) imply 40 DU in the lower-ozone column,but the Tibetan Plateau ozone column is only ～33 DU lower than that over the non-ASM region.This fact suggests that the lower troposphere has higher ozone concentrations over the ASM region than elsewhere at the same latitude,contributing ～7 DU of total ozone,which is consistent with ozonesonde and satellite observations. 相似文献
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Relationship between the increase temperature and variation of ozone level over the Antarctica and Tibetan plateau in spring 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Based on the ozone and aerological sounding data at Syowa Station (69o 00'S, 39o35'E), Antarctica during 1966－1979 and Lhasa Station (39o40'N, 91o08'E), Tibetan Plateau during 1979－1983, the processes of temperature increase in spring over the Tibetan Plateau and the Antarctica are compared in this paper, and the relationship between the increase of air temperature and variation of total ozone and ozone partial pressure is analyzed. It is found that: (1) The process of temperature increase over the Tibetan Plateau is quite different from that over the Antarctica in spring. This is a proof that the heating effects of their ground surface on the atmosphere are of great difference; (2) Sudden increase of total ozone is always associated with sudden warming in the stratosphere over the Antarctica, but sudden decrease of total ozone is associated with sudden warming in the troposphere over the Tibetan Plateau in spring; and (3) There is a good positive correlation, with a correlation coefficient of about 0.85, between the temperature increase and variation of ozone partial pressure in the stratosphere over the Antarctica in spring. 相似文献
13.
利用全大气气候通用模式(WACCM3)对政府间气候变化专门委员会排放情景特别报告中2001年到2099年A1B、A2、B1三种排放情景进行了模拟,分析了三种排放情景下青藏高原地区未来百年臭氧总量在夏季(6—8月)的变化趋势及引起该变化的可能机制。结果表明:在三种排放情景下未来百年夏季高原区臭氧总量均呈现增长趋势,其中A2情景下臭氧增长最快,B1情景下增长最慢,但相对于同纬度其他地区,高原区的臭氧总量增长较慢,即高原区臭氧谷加深。高原区高空污染物的减少以及局域Hadley环流的减弱是未来高原区臭氧总量增加的原因;而南亚高压的增强,以及与之相对应的辐散增强则可能是高原区臭氧谷继续加深的原因。 相似文献
14.
We investigate the Madden–Julian Oscillation(MJO) signal in wintertime stratospheric ozone over the Tibetan Plateau and East Asia using the harmonized dataset of satellite ozone profiles. Two different MJO indices — the all-season Real-Time multivariate MJO index(RMM) and outgoing longwave radiation-based MJO index(OMI) — are used to compare the MJOrelated ozone anomalies. The results show that there are pronounced eastward-propagating MJO-related stratospheric ozone anomalies(mainly within 20–200 h Pa) over the subtropics. The negative stratospheric ozone anomalies are over the Tibetan Plateau and East Asia in MJO phases 4–7, when MJO-related tropical deep convective anomalies move from the equatorial Indian Ocean towards the western Pacific Ocean. Compared with the results based on RMM, the MJO-related stratospheric column ozone anomalies based on OMI are stronger and one phase ahead. Further analysis suggests that different sampling errors, observation principles and retrieval algorithms may be responsible for the discrepancies among different satellite measurements. The MJO-related stratospheric ozone anomalies can be attributed to the MJO-related circulation anomalies,i.e., the uplifted tropopause and the northward shifted westerly jet in the upper troposphere. Compared to the result based on RMM, the upper tropospheric westerly jet may play a less important role in generating the stratospheric column ozone anomalies based on OMI. Our study indicates that the circulation-based MJO index(RMM) can better characterize the MJOrelated anomalies in tropopause pressure and thus the MJO influence on atmospheric trace gases in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, especially over subtropical East Asia. 相似文献
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Air Temperature Changes over the Tibetan Plateau and Other Regions in the Same Latitudes and the Role of Ozone Depletion 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Using radiosonde and satellite observations, we investigated the trends of air temperature changes over the Tibetan Plateau （TP） in comparison with those over other regions in the same latitudes from 1979 to 2002. It is shown that Over the TP, the trends of air temperature changes in the upper troposphere to lower stratosphere were out of phase with those in the lower to middle troposphere. Air temperature decreased and a decreasing trend appeared in the upper troposphere to lower stratosphere. The amplitude of the annual or seasonal mean temperature decreases over the TP was larger than that over the whole globe. In the lower to middle troposphere over the TP, temperature increased, and the increasing trend was stronger than that over the non-plateau regions in the same latitudes in the eastern part of China. Meanwhile, an analysis of the satellite observed ozone data in the same period of 1979-2002 shows that over the TP, the total ozone amount declined in all seasons, and the ozone depleted the most compared with the situations in other regions in the same latitudes. It is proposed that the difference between the ozone depletion over the TP and that over other regions in the same latitudes may lead to the difference in air temperature changes. Because of the aggravated depletion of ozone over the TP, less （more） ultraviolet radiation was absorbed in the upper troposphere to lower stratosphere （lower to middle troposphere） over the TP, which favored a stronger cooling in the upper troposphere to lower stratosphere, and an intenser heating in the lower to middle troposphere over the TP. Therefore, the comparatively more depletion of ozone over the TP is possibly a reason for the difference between the air temperature changes over the TP and those over other regions in the same latitudes. 相似文献
16.
Features of ozone mini-hole events over the Tibetan Plateau 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Based on TOMS total ozone data and SCIAMACHY ozone profile data, climatology of the ozone minihole events over the Tibetan Plateau and ozone vertical structure variations during an ozone mini-hole event in December 2003 are analyzed. The analyses show that before 1990 ozone mini-hole events only occurred in November–December of 1987 but that the number of events increases after 1990. These events only occur from October through February, with maximum occurrence frequency in December. During the event in Dec... 相似文献
17.
Kequan ZHANG Jiakang DUAN Siyi ZHAO Jiankai ZHANG James KEEBLE Hongwen LIU 《大气科学进展》2022,39(7):1167-1183
Total column ozone (TCO) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is lower than that over other regions at the same latitude, particularly in summer. This feature is known as the “TP ozone valley”. This study evaluates long-term changes in TCO and the ozone valley over the TP from 1984 to 2100 using Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). The TP ozone valley consists of two low centers, one is located in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS), and the other is in the middle and upper stratosphere. Overall, the CMIP6 models simulate the low ozone center in the UTLS well and capture the spatial characteristics and seasonal cycle of the TP ozone valley, with spatial correlation coefficients between the modeled TCO and the Multi Sensor Reanalysis version 2 (MSR2) TCO observations greater than 0.8 for all CMIP6 models. Further analysis reveals that models which use fully coupled and online stratospheric chemistry schemes simulate the anticorrelation between the 150 hPa geopotential height and zonal anomaly of TCO over the TP better than models without interactive chemistry schemes. This suggests that coupled chemical-radiative-dynamical processes play a key role in the simulation of the TP ozone valley. Most CMIP6 models underestimate the low center in the middle and upper stratosphere when compared with the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) observations. However, the bias in the middle and upper stratospheric ozone simulations has a marginal effect on the simulation of the TP ozone valley. Most CMIP6 models predict the TP ozone valley in summer will deepen in the future. 相似文献
18.
平流层-对流层相互作用研究进展：等熵位涡理论的应用及青藏高原影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
系统介绍了近年来应用等熵位涡理论研究平流层-对流层动力相互作用所发现的一些新的事实和机理,包括平流层冬季极涡振荡过程中平流层、对流层环流异常的时空传播特征,以及等熵质量理论框架下的平流层-对流层动力耦合机理,还介绍了影响平流层环流年际尺度异常的因子及影响过程。回顾了夏季青藏高原的热力作用所激发的负位涡强迫源对东亚及全球大气环流的影响。并基于对夏季高原周边等熵位涡经向输送垂直分布的诊断进一步说明,夏季青藏高原的存在使高原东缘及东亚地区成为平流层和对流层物质交换的独特区域,探讨了夏季青藏高原影响平流层-对流层动力耦合的一种重要途径及其影响全球气候的重要意义。 相似文献